Pear diseases: description with photos and methods of treatment

Diseases and pests of pears are capable of destroying the plant in a short time and leaving the gardener without a crop. To avoid this, you need to give preference to resistant varieties. It is also useful to know how to treat a pear for diseases.

Both the stem and leaves, as well as ripening fruits, can suffer from fungi and viruses. For the most part, pear and apple diseases are identical. And the fight against them comes down to proper care, regular preventive spraying and timely treatment when the first signs of the disease are detected.

To know what and how to save a tree from, you need to correctly identify the disease by symptoms. In our material, we will describe the most dangerous pear diseases and their treatment.

Pear diseases - description, treatment, photos

Noticing signs of disease on neighboring trees, carry out preventive treatment of the rest. This is an unshakable rule of the gardener. Tell your garden neighbor to do the same. So you will save yourself from the loss of the crop. When treating a pear with chemicals, consider the time it takes to remove its components from the plant so as not to feed your family with poisonous fruits.

Most pear diseases are fungal in nature. Mushrooms love dampness and heat. To prevent them from doing well on pear or other trees, thin the canopy well. Don't plant a tree in a poorly ventilated dream garden. To stop the spread of spores, burn cut diseased areas, keep the area around the tree clean, loosen the root zone of the soil, and carry out preventive treatment annually. Also keep a constant pest control, as they can also cause disease.

scab disease on pear

The cause of the disease is the fungus Venturia pirina. A pear cannot be infected from an apple tree, as they have different types of pathogen.

The fungus loves high humidity and poor ventilation of the site by winds, as well as weak plants (cracks, exhaustion with abundant fruiting).

The spread of the disease occurs during the flowering period of trees. The spores of the fungus come out of the bags and, under favorable conditions, spread over long distances.

Fruits affected by scab are covered with brown rounded spots. They can merge on the fruit and become one big necrosis. when viewed, the lesions resemble warts. The peel in the affected areas may crack.

With early damage to the tree, the fruit may grow small and have cracks.

Prevention:

The fungus can overwinter along with fallen leaves, so the key point in preventing the disease is timely cleaning of the garden plot.

When planting pears, you need to choose an elevated place that is well blown by the winds. At the same time, it is worth considering the size of the trees and not planting them too close to each other.

It is necessary to monitor the condition of the trees. use mineral supplements. The trunk should be protected from the pest, as this can weaken the tree.

It is important to place supports under branches that can break or tie them up.

Periodically, it is necessary to thin out the crown and remove excess branches, while processing the saw cuts with garden pitch. You also need to take care of cracks.

During the fruiting period, immediately remove the fruits that have fallen.

You can spray the soil with a 10% solution of urea or ammonium nitrate. And also they can be sprayed on the trunk and leaves.

Treatment methods:

Trees are treated with copper preparations in early spring before leaf buds open.

1. Burgundy mix. The protective effect of the drug lasts up to 2 weeks. Breeding: in case of severe damage, make a 3% liquid - 300 g of copper sulfate, 400 g of calcium hydroxide, mix with 10 liters. water. When the leaves bloom, a 1% solution is prepared: 100 g of copper sulfate and calcium hydroxide per 10 liters. water. It is recommended to process 4 times per season.
2. Abiga Peak. Dilute 50 g of the drug in 10 liters. water. Spray plants 4 times per season.
3. Skor and Raek. 2 ml of the drug per 10 liters. warm water. The action is saved for 20 days. The first spraying - before flowering - the rosebud phase. Further, twice with breaks up to 14 days. It is possible to make up to 4 sprays.
4. Horus. Dilute it in 10 liters. water 2 gr. substances. Protects the plant for up to 28 days. The pear is sprayed twice: at the time of ripening of green buds and 10 days later at the time of flowering.

You can also spray young trees in late autumn and early spring with a 5% urea solution.

Disease fruit rot or moniliosis on a pear

This disease harms not only the pear, but very many other fruit and stone fruit trees in the garden. Moniliosis can cause significant damage to crop yields. It is especially dangerous during the fruiting period. But even after you have harvested the crop, the disease does not go anywhere, but remains on the fruits, where it continues its destructive effect.

It appears in two forms:

Fruit rot. The causative agent is a harmful fungus. It is distributed in all regions in which stone fruits are grown. This is a very dangerous enemy, because after its action the fruits become completely unusable. The first manifestation will be the formation of a brown spot on the pear, which grows rapidly throughout the fruit. Taste qualities are completely lost along with the presentation. Light spots appear on the rot, these are spores of fungal colonies. They are easily carried by rain or wind, and insects can also be carriers. The rapid development of the event makes moniliosis a dangerous enemy for the entire garden, the incubation period lasts only a few days, and after a week the spores are ready to go to another tree.

They penetrate through small cracks and damage. Optimal weather - temperature from +16 to +30 C and high humidity. If it is too dry, or hot, cold, the spores are not tolerated, but turn bluish in color and mummify, this process most often occurs on fruits during storage. Therefore, it is important to eliminate them, especially if they have fallen from the tree. The fungus can remain in them until spring, wait for suitable conditions and start infecting healthy plants.

Monilial burn. In this case, inflorescences and flowers, annelids, fruit branches and twigs remain affected. This condition is also caused by a fungus that is stored in the mycelium, on damaged branches, and in the spring, upon awakening, begins its vigorous activity. The awakening temperature is approximately +14 C, also a necessary condition for the spread will be high humidity, in the form of rains, fogs. This fungus is especially dangerous in the Far East.

Control and prevention methods:

Constantly collect fallen fruits, if they show signs of infection, destroy them away from the garden. Pluck diseased, mummified fruits from the branches. Protect the pear and apple tree from scab, because at this time it creates cracks into which moniliosis penetrates, it is also necessary to protect the garden from birds, they can also peck at the fruits, damaging them, and opening the way for harmful mushrooms.

Infected plants can be treated with fungicides. At the first lesions, the codling moth can begin work, repeat the procedure after 15-20 days. In the case of pear treatment for scab and powdery mildew, treatment for fruit rot can be omitted. The following fungicides have proven themselves well: Horus, Strobi, Bordeaux Liquid, Abiga-Peak.

Remove the affected branches and fruits from the tree, because the causative agent of the monilial burn usually hibernates there.

Sooty fungus disease on pear

Many novice gardeners wonder why a pear turns black. The most common pear disease, in which leaves and fruits turn black, is called soot fungus. First of all, immunocompromised trees and young specimens damaged by insects (in particular, aphids) suffer.

Control measures and prevention

To protect the pear from pests, use the Calypso insecticide (according to the instructions). And to suppress the reproduction of fungal spores, Fitoverm is used.

Powdery mildew disease on pear

Powdery mildew is also caused by a fungus, Podosphaera leucotricha. A powdery white coating appears on the leaves and inflorescences. The affected parts of the plant soon dry out and die, the leaves curl into a tube. This pear disease is especially dangerous in spring. Young shoots suffer the most.

Control measures and prevention

All affected parts of the plant are removed and burned, for prevention, the trees are sprayed with Fundazol or a solution of soda ash (50 g per 10 liters of water) with the addition of liquid soap (10 g).

Leaf rust disease in pear

Leaf rust is a disease so serious that it can even kill a pear. Rust is caused by the fungus Gymnosporangium sabinae.

It is very curious that this mushroom uses two plants for life and reproduction: a pear and a juniper. Mushrooms wait out the winter in a juniper bush, and with the advent of spring they settle on a pear tree.

Colonies of these mushrooms will easily destroy the entire pear crop. Rust must be dealt with immediately.

Symptoms of the disease:

Settling on juniper, rust affects literally all parts of the plant. Most often, this disease for juniper is chronic. Lesions on the bush appear in the form of wounds and swellings. And the large jelly-like orange shoots are a mycelium that has settled on a plant.

With the arrival of spring warmth, in wet weather, the spores of this fungus move to the pear. The infection spreads quite quickly and infects foliage and fruits.

On pear leaves, rust appears as rounded red spots. Spots appear shortly after pear blossoms, usually in late April.

Gradually spreading, by mid-summer the disease can affect almost all foliage. Then black dots appear on the spots themselves. The disease reaches its greatest development by autumn, when the red spots swell, and processes crawl out on them.

It is in these processes that spores of fungi live, which then look for another juniper bush for themselves in order to repeat the whole circle again with the beginning of spring.

Prevention:

The main way to prevent this disease on a pear is to eliminate the source of infection. To do this, cut and destroy the diseased parts of the juniper.

How to deal with rust on a pear?

First, all infected parts of the plant must be removed. It is necessary to cut the branches alive, 10 centimeters below the sore spot.

The affected areas must be cleaned with a knife to healthy wood.

Wounds are carefully treated with a 5% solution of copper sulphate for disinfection.

After that, the cutting site is treated with garden pitch.

Secondly, with the beginning of spring, spraying is carried out with Bordeaux liquid, a 1% solution. Copper chloride can be used instead.

The second spraying is carried out at the beginning of flowering, and after a week the spraying is repeated. Ten days later, the last, fourth spraying is carried out.

You can also spray with a solution of copper sulfate instead of Bordeaux liquid. Count on 10 liters of water 50 milliliters of the drug.

Rust-resistant pear varieties: Nanasiri, Sunyani, Chizhovka.

Disease bacterial cancer, or bacterial necrosis of the pear bark

The causative agent is the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae. Since spring, browning of the buds and bark of branches, blackening and drying of young shoots with leaves are observed. The spots on the leaves are black, cracking along the edges of the plates.

Blisters appear on the bark, often depressed spots with a purple-cherry border are formed. The wood rots, there is a strong smell, and the trees die. Bacteriosis usually begins with linear necrosis of the cortex and progresses to broad longitudinal bands.

Control measures. Cut off affected branches, remove dead trees, disinfect saw cuts with 1% copper sulphate and cover with oil paint. An effective measure to combat this disease of pears is spraying trees with copper-containing preparations.