A work of folk decorative art: types. Lesson in fine arts on the topic "Stained Glass" (Grade 5, fine arts) Introduction to new material

Folk decorative art in our country is an organic part of folk culture. Poetic images, emotions inherent in him are dear and understandable to all people. It instills a sense of beauty, helps to form a harmoniously developed personality. Being based on long-standing artistic traditions, decorative art has a positive effect on the education of a person of the future. The works created by masters from the people are a reflection of love for the native land, the ability to see and understand the beauty of the surrounding world.

The main varieties of decorative art

For many centuries, home production in peasant families, and since the 18th-19th centuries, handicrafts, supplied cities and villages with a variety of utensils made of clay, wood and metal, printed fabrics, ceramic and wooden toys, carpets, etc. and cheerfulness on wood, Dymkovo figurines and whistles made of clay, Lukutin painted lacquer boxes. Each of these items is a work of folk decorative art. Wooden gold - Khokhloma painting - is of great interest in Russia and abroad.

There were original crafts in the Far East, the Russian North, Siberia, and the Caucasus. Metalworking in Dagestan Kubachi, ceramic painting in Balkhara, and wood carving with silver Untsukul gained fame. Folk decorative art, the types of which are very diverse, is represented in different parts of our vast country.

Vologda lace - folk decorative art

Vologda lace gained popularity in European capitals at the end of the 18th century. And in our time, many foreigners mistakenly believe that lace in Russia is woven only in Vologda. In fact, Yelets, Kirishi, Vyatka also have reason to be proud of their products. Almost all of them have their own unique features. So, Mikhailov's colored laces are very interesting. In our country, they have gained no less popularity than the Vologda ones. Nevertheless, like hundreds of years ago, people go to Vologda for a snow-white miracle.

openwork carving

Openwork carving adorns small bone objects: boxes, caskets, pendants, brooches. A work of folk decorative art - bone lace - this is how openwork carving is poetically called.

The most widespread are three types of ornament in the case of cutting on bone:

Geometric - a plexus of straight and curved lines.
Vegetable.
Rocaille - stylization of the shape of a sea shell.

The technique of openwork carving is used to create compositions based on ornament and plot. The raw material is an ordinary cow bone.

Fine work on openwork carving requires special tools: needle files, engravers, rivets, jigsaws.

beading

Beading can be proud of centuries of history, like the beads themselves. The inhabitants of Ancient Egypt were the first to master the complex art of weaving necklaces based on small colored glass balls, and also decorated clothes with them. However, bead production really flourished in the 10th century. For many years, the inhabitants of Venice carefully kept the secrets of craftsmanship. Purses and handbags, shoes, clothes and other elegant things were decorated with luxurious beads.

When beads appeared in America, they replaced the traditional materials used by the natives. Here they finished cradles, baskets, earrings, snuff boxes.

The peoples of the Far North decorated with beaded embroidery high fur boots, fur coats, reindeer harness, and hats.

Batik

Batik - do-it-yourself painting of fabric using fixing compounds. The technique is based on the observation that rubber glue, paraffin, when applied to a fabric, do not allow paint to pass through.

There are several varieties of batik - nodular, hot, shibori, cold.

The name "batik" is Indonesian, which means "draw", "hatch", "cover with drops".

This painting has been used by the peoples of India and Indonesia since ancient times. Batik came to Europe in the 20th century.

painting

Painting is one of the most ancient forms of decorative art. For centuries it has been an organic part of the original culture and life of the people. This type of decorative art is widespread.

Here are some types of painting:

Zhostovo painting is a well-known Russian craft that appeared in the 19th century in the village of Zhostovo, not far from Moscow. Belongs to the most popular crafts where Russian folk painting is created. The famous Zhostovo trays are hand-painted. Most often, bouquets of flowers are depicted on a black background.
Gorodets painting is a craft that appeared in the middle of the 19th century in the city of Gorodets. The painting is bright and concise. Her themes are figurines of horses, genre scenes, floral patterns. Decorated doors, shutters, furniture, spinning wheels.
Khokhloma painting is one of the oldest folk crafts. It originated in the 17th century in Khokhloma, not far from Nizhny Novgorod. Khokhloma painting - decorative painting of wooden objects, made on a golden background in black, red, less often green. After drawing the pattern, the product is coated with a special composition and treated three times in an oven, which allows you to achieve a unique honey-golden color. Traditional for Khokhloma are rowan and red strawberries, branches and flowers. Animals, fish and birds often appear in the compositions, turning what has been made into a genuine work of folk decorative art. Wooden gold - this is how Khokhloma painting is often called.

Let's get acquainted with various handicrafts used in kindergarten for the development of children.

Dymkovo toy

The products of the Kirov craftsmen impress with bright patterns, non-standard proportions and shapes. Everyone is delighted with elegant, wonderfully decorated and painted ladies-francihi, ponies, roosters, goats. The first Dymkovo toys appeared in 1811. Clay dolls with paintings were sold at the Vyatka holiday. Clay toys were made by craftsmen from the village of Dymkovo. They did it with their families.

Now a factory that produces Dymkovo toys is operating in Kirov.

Filimonov toy

No less famous is the center of folk craft in the village of Filimonovo near Tula, where wonderful clay toys are born. People and animals made by craftsmen are distinguished by their bizarre form and great expressiveness. These are peasant women, ladies, soldiers, cows, horse riders, sheep. Filimonovo toys cannot be confused with others, as they carry their own unique features in the form of modeling and painting. They play with all the colors of the rainbow.

A child who sees a Filimonovo toy that has a non-standard color and shape awakens creativity.

Kargopol toy

Kargopol is an ancient city whose inhabitants have long been engaged in pottery. Mostly they made dishes, but some craftsmen were engaged in clay toys. True, in 1930 the fishery fell into decline. The restoration of the Kargopol workshops took place in 1967.

Kargopol toys look stricter against the backdrop of bright Dymkovo and Filimonovo toys. The range of colors is brown, black and dark green. There are many funny images here, simple, but at the same time breathing warmth and humor. These are peasant women, bearded men, dolls with spinning wheels.

Gzhel dishes

Not far from Moscow is the village of Gzhel. Since the 14th century, pottery has been practiced here. Among the dishes produced by kvassniks are plates and toys, which are painted with brown and yellowish-green paints for ceramics. Now porcelain products produced in Gzhel are world famous. The reason for this is the uniqueness of the form and pattern. Gzhel porcelain is distinguished by blue painting made on a white background. True, the blue is not uniform. If you look closely, you can find the subtlest shades and halftones, evoking thoughts about the blueness of the sky, river and lake water. In addition to dishes, toys and small sculptures are produced in Gzhel. Everything that the masters do strikes with the harmony of content and form. This is a real work of folk decorative art. Everyone dreams of buying Gzhel.

Decorative art in kindergarten

The art of folk craftsmen is a property not only for adults. It is also important for children, who can enthusiastically play with both wooden nesting dolls and clay toys of Kirov craftsmen. The art of the people arouses children's interest in the originality of ideas, figurativeness and brilliance. It is understandable to children, since its content is simple and concise, but at the same time it opens up to the child the beauty of the world around him. Here are the beloved fairy-tale images of animals, which are made of clay or wood, and ornaments with flowers, berries and leaves, seen more than once in life. Masters involved in the manufacture of clay toys often paint their works with an ornament of geometric shapes: stripes, rings, circles. These drawings also find understanding in kids. All clay and wooden products in kindergartens are not only interior decoration. Guided by an experienced teacher, the children carefully look at them, drawing and sculpting them based on samples of folk products.

Folk decorative art in kindergarten enters the life of kids, bringing them joy, broadening their horizons, and having a positive impact on artistic taste. In preschool educational institutions there should be a sufficient number of handicrafts. This allows you to decorate the interiors of groups, updating them after a while. Artistic products are shown to children when conversations are being held about craftsmen. All such items must be stored in the cabinets of the pedagogy office. They must be constantly replenished and distributed among the fisheries. Younger children need to purchase fun toys, chiseled wooden toys. The guys of the middle group are better suited Filimonov and Kargopol. All types of folk toys, including clay and wooden ones, are available for older children.

Decorative modeling in a kindergarten involves the creation of children's dishes, various figurines on the themes of folk toys. In addition, children can make small decorations for dolls, souvenirs for mothers, grandmothers and sisters for the holiday of March 8.

Under the influence of classes with folk crafts, children are more deeply and interested in illustrations on the themes of Russian toys, with the richness of their themes, spur the child's imagination during modeling, making his knowledge about the world that surrounds him richer. Classes with the use of folk art as illustrations provide an opportunity to develop the mind of kids.

However, a positive effect from this is achieved only if children are systematically and systematically introduced to objects of arts and crafts. On the basis of the acquired knowledge, they create decorative works with their own hands. They are invited to reproduce a work of folk decorative art (any). A photo, if the work itself is not available, will help the child imagine what he will draw or sculpt.

The desire of children to engage in the creation of beautiful objects is largely determined by the attention of the educator himself to these issues. He must have information about folk crafts, be aware of the history of their appearance. If the teacher knows which folk craft this or that toy can be attributed to, and knows how to tell interesting things about the craftsmen who make these toys, the children will be interested, and they will have a desire to be creative.

Fine arts in elementary grades

Folk decorative art in the design activities of younger students allows children to return to the origins of folk culture, to the spiritual heritage. In the modern world, the study of the riches of national culture is the most important task of the moral education of children, turning them into patriots of their country. The soul of the nation is embodied in folk crafts, the historical memory of generations is awakened. It is impossible to educate a full-fledged personality, to develop its moral potential, the aesthetic taste of children, if talk about creativity is reduced to abstract reasoning. After all, the works of craftsmen are an illustration of the best qualities of a folk character: it is the awakening of respect for one's own history and traditions, love for the motherland in general and for the place where one was born in particular, modesty, striving for beauty, a sense of harmony.

How to organize the educational process in such a way that love for the motherland is not just a beautiful phrase, but really corresponds to the inner essence of the younger generation? What can be done if there are no performances that clearly and figuratively reveal the theme of patriotism? This issue, of course, requires an integrated approach. must be addressed systematically.

In order for the child to understand what is at stake, it is proposed to consider a work of folk decorative art (any) in the lesson. An example of such a work will help to understand the issue.

The modern era requires an appeal to the very origins of art. Preservation, enhancement of folk art, development of its traditions - such difficult tasks are faced by teachers, educators, artists.

Visual arts in high school

As they grow older, children begin to understand more and more what a work of folk decorative art is. Grade 6 also systematically studies this issue.

The work program for the study of fine arts in the 6th grade provides for three main types of creative activity:

Visual work (painting, drawing).
Decorative art (ornaments, paintings, applications).
Observation of the surrounding world (conversation).

These varieties allow children to get acquainted with the spheres of artistic creativity. Already in the course of acquaintance, it becomes clear how closely these areas are interconnected and how noticeably they complement each other in the process of solving the tasks set by the program. It is necessary to subject each work of folk decorative art to a detailed analysis. Grade 6 is the time to develop artistic taste.

Visual arts are taught at school in close connection with other subjects. It uses the knowledge that is obtained as a result of studying literature, music, the Russian language, history, technology, biology. This makes it possible to understand the practical meaning of art lessons, their vital necessity. In the course of literature, such a topic as "The work of folk decorative art" is also studied. Essay (grade 6) allows the student to show knowledge of the subject. Children evaluate the products of folk craftsmen in it. They must draw up a work plan and describe a work of folk decorative art (any). 5-6 sentences for each item of the plan will be enough.

Folk decorative arts and Russia

Both Tatarstan and other regions of Russia were affected by folk art. Tatar decorative art is bright and multifaceted. It has its roots in the ancient times of paganism - VII-VIII centuries. In the Kazan Khanate and the Volga Bulgaria, the development of art went in line with Islamic traditions. The leading direction was diverse. This type of pattern is widely manifested in various types of Tatar art. Ornaments adorn embroidery, wood and stone carving, ceramics, jewelry, and calligraphy. The zoomorphic style was widely used in the products of the pagan masters of Bulgaria.

A feature of Russian decorative art is its mass character. In Russia, decorative art is mostly anonymous. Gambs furniture and Faberge jewelry are the exception rather than the rule. Unnamed craftsmen created masterpieces of painting, weaving, dishes and toys. The artistic production of Russia can be proud of creating great values in various fields.

The first evidence of the high development of blacksmithing and jewelry industries can be found among the Scythians and tribes who lived in territories stretching from the Black Sea to Siberia. Here the advantage was given to the Scythian animal style. The northern Slavs, who were in contact with the inhabitants of Scandinavia, included fragments of human and animal bodies in the ornament, which are intricately intertwined. In the Urals, Finno-Ugric tribes made amulets with images of bears and wolves, made of wood, stone or bronze.

Throughout Russia there were many icon-painting workshops. In Palekh, Ivanovo region, the finest on the plots of folk tales and songs on black lacquer has been developed. From Ancient Byzantium came to us the filigree art of chasing, granulation, niello, carved openwork on wood and bone. In the 17th century, decorative art developed into a developed artistic production. This is Rostov painted enamel, Nizhny Novgorod carving on huts, blackening on silver in Veliky Ustyug. The works of folk masters of decorative art decorated palaces and temples.

In the time of Peter the Great, Western European things came into fashion: upholstered furniture, faience. From the 18th century, mirrors began to be widely used. MV Lomonosov mastered the art of producing glass, mirrors and mosaic smalt. Talented architects of the 18th and early 19th centuries developed projects for decorative interior decoration. Some architects of that era began their creative career with decorating work, such as Rossi and Voronikhin. The imperial court and the highest nobility of Russia supplied private enterprises with numerous orders, which managed to reach the heights of excellence. Such enterprises include the Kuznetsov faience and porcelain factories, the Popovsky porcelain factory.

The study of folk art and folk crafts shows that the popularization of folk art works in the best way affects both adults and children. This brings up aesthetic taste, contributes to the emergence of spiritual needs, causes a sense of national pride and humanity. After all, amazing colorful objects are created by folk craftsmen, people whom nature has endowed with talent, imagination and kindness.

in fine arts according to the second generation of the Federal State Educational Standard on the topic “Ancient images in modern folk toys” Type of lesson combined lesson Technology for constructing a lesson is problem-dialogical Theme of the lesson Ancient images in modern folk toys The purpose of the lesson Formation of spiritual and moral development; education of citizenship and patriotism, love for the motherland on the example of studying the leading folk crafts; instilling interest in arts and crafts, respect for the traditions of the people; development of the artistic taste of students - to teach to see the beauty and expressiveness of the figurative transmission of life in toys of the distant past and present; the formation of skills to navigate in their knowledge system: to distinguish the new from the already known; acquire new knowledge: find answers to questions using a textbook, your life experience and information received in the lesson. Basic terms, concepts Kargopol, Filimonovo, Dymkovo, toy, artel, folk craft, painting, baked clay Planned result Personal To form: respect for the culture and art of their country, a holistic worldview, communicative competence in communicating with peers, the need for independent practical creative activity, the ability to conduct self-assessment based on the criterion of success of educational activities

Be able to define and formulate the goal in the lesson, work according to the plan, evaluate the correctness of the performance of actions at the level of an adequate retrospective assessment, plan your actions in accordance with the task, express your assumption (Regulatory UUD); be able to formulate your thoughts orally, listen and hear your partner (Communicative UUD) be able to navigate your knowledge system: distinguish the new from the already known, acquire new knowledge: find answers to questions using a textbook, your life experience, and information received on lesson (Cognitive UUD). Subject To be able to compare, evaluate the shape, decor of toys belonging to various art crafts, recognize and name toys of the leading folk crafts; to carry out one's own artistic concept, connected with the creation of an expressive form based on folk traditions; to master the main elements of folk ornament and color scheme characteristic of a particular craft Frontal work Group work Individual work Textbook for grade 5 Fine arts. “Decorative and applied art in human life”, authors N.A. Goryaeva, O.V. Ostrovskaya Samples of clay toys (Kargopol, Filimonov, Dymkovo), tables with painting samples, computer presentation, toy templates, paints. Stages of the lesson Teacher's activity Students' activity Formed skills Motivation of educational activity.

Objectives: to update the requirements for the student in terms of educational activities; creating conditions for the emergence of an internal need for students to be included in educational activities; establish a thematic framework; clarify the type of lesson and outline the steps of educational activity. Updating knowledge and fixing individual difficulties in a trial action. Objectives: To organize the implementation of a trial educational activity by students. To organize the fixation of individual difficulties by students Identification of the place and cause of the difficulty Objectives: to identify the place of the difficulty Building a project for getting out of the difficulty. Objectives: To create motivation to build a project out of difficulty. Discovery of new knowledge Objectives: to organize the assimilation of new knowledge by students

method of action with pronunciation in external speech Inclusion in the system of knowledge and repetitions. Objectives: To organize students' independent work on the textbook to search for information on the topic of the lesson. Independent work. Objectives: to organize the implementation by students of independent work on new knowledge; organize self-examination according to the standard, self-assessment Reflection of educational activity in the lesson. Objectives: To fix the new content of the lesson; Organize reflection and self-assessment by students of their own learning activities. Checking and helping students prepare for the lesson. during the classes. Hello guys! Check how your workplace is organized, remove everything superfluous from the desks. Very often, behind the events And behind the hustle and bustle of days, we do not remember the old days, We forget about it. Although we are more accustomed to flying to the moon, Let's remember Russian customs, Let's remember our old days. It is no coincidence that works of folk art were exhibited in the classroom. In today's lesson, we will consolidate our knowledge of folk toys and summarize our ideas about folk traditions to decorate our lives and give joy to other people. Theme of the lesson "Ancient images in modern folk toys"

Consider toys from different trades and try to find what distinguishes them from each other. Please note that all clay toys have a generalized shape, are very plastic, and are painted with traditional ornaments. The ancient signs of the ornament with which the toys are covered can be found in embroidery, and in painting, and in other works of folk art. Today we will consider three centers for the production and painting of clay toys. And our toy masters will help us figure it out. Material for students Dymkovo toy This toy is called "Dymkovo" by its place of origin. From the bank of the Vyatka River, on which the city of Kirov stands, one can see the settlement beyond the river. In winter, stoves were stoked, and in summer there were often fogs. Freedom was like a haze. So they called it - Dymkovo. Hence the name of the toy. She is now affectionately called "smoke". In the beginning there were toys - whistles. People gathered for a walk, to meet spring, to see off winter. They whistle and sing in the street. So they called spring You are a little bird, You are green, You fly over the blue sea You take the keys of spring Lock the winter - Unlock the summer. A clay toy was fired in a kiln. Then whitened with chalk diluted with milk. And they painted with paints ground on egg yolk, in such a pattern: circles, straight and wavy lines, cells, spots, dots. The colors are bright - bright: yellow, blue, green, red, crimson, black. Let's take a look at it. (slide show). What does this pattern mean? Circles of the sun are a symbol of life. Dots, crosses - the beginning of life - a person. Squares with dots sown field. The squares are the dwelling of the Line - peace, water. A lot of fiction and fantasy among craftsmen. For example, the Dymkovo turkey is not a turkey, but the fever is a bird.

Filimonovo toy And now look at this beauty. According to local legend, the founder of the village (during the time of Ivan the Terrible) was the potter Filimon. Hence Filimonovo. So what is the name of the toy? How are these toys different from Dymkovo ones? Of course, painted, she is very bold. And what else? That's right, they have elongated proportions. All animals have strongly elongated necks. Cows look like giraffes, bears look like Gorynych snakes. It's all about the clay. Filimonovtsy call it blueberry for its oily black color and fat content. When sculpting, the clay dries up, and the toys quickly become covered with cracks. You have to constantly smooth out the cracks with a wet hand, involuntarily narrowing and stretching the torso. After firing, the toy becomes white-pink. This is where the painting begins. Yes, not with a brush, but with a goose feather. From a brush, paint does not stick to clean clay. What pattern are Filimonov toys decorated with? Yes, mostly stripes. There is no strict geometric painting. This is a combination of colored stripes, dots, circles, ovals, stars, triangles. Details of the painting can be deciphered. The circle is the sun, the triangle is the earth, Christmas trees and sprouts are a symbol of vegetation and life. All patterns remind us of the connections between man and nature. Please note that all toys are whistles. Where is the whistle? That's right, in the tail of animals and birds. Such toys are painted with aniline paints ground on egg yolk. Three main colors are used: red, yellow, blue. Sometimes purple and green are used. Kargopol toy. Her homeland is the Russian north. Kargopolsky district of the Arkhangelsk region. Toys seem clumsy and heavy. Large-headed, with short arms and legs, a slightly flattened face, turning into a shovel for the peasants. The horse - Polkan was one of the most beloved images of the famous toy maker Ulyana Babkina. Notice how beautiful and unusual in color the Kargopol toys are. Painted in bright or muted colors, they are distinguished by simple and clear patterns. On the surface of the figurines, ancient symbols of the sun are drawn - large fiery red circles, crosses, rings, as well as motifs of grains of ears of corn and twigs of plants. Guys, let's see what unites all the toys? Correctly! All of them are made of clay. What are the differences? Patterns Form Work with the textbook (from 74.)

Carefully consider the painting of toys. Pay attention to the main elements of the painting, the colors used by masters of different crafts Paint a toy based on one of the crafts Guys! Now close your eyes and imagine that you and I are not in a classroom, but in a workshop, and you are all not students, but master artists. Look at your tables there are toys made of clay, but before you paint, carefully look at the elements of the patterns that are characteristic of this toy that you have chosen. Don't forget about the color scheme. Think How many colors will you use to paint the selected toy? Which? What painting elements will you use? Get to work (music sounds during independent work of children). After completion, the teacher collects the work to organize an exhibition, while the children read poems about each toy). Dear gentlemen! Look here! All sorts of toys for all manners: Here are the young ladies and gentlemen. The ladies have scarlet cheeks and lips, Elegant dresses and warm fur coats. A red-haired girl in a crown She has a blush on her face She is good, She stands without breathing! Look what a horse

Just touch it with a pen. He and you together Will gallop for two hundred miles. And with a tail and a mane. That's how beautiful! And here is a goat On slender legs All the beauty of the goat is in the horns He shakes his head Look what I am! Yashadruzhok Blows a horn, Sits on the back of a beautiful pig! Indianturkey! You look like a chest The chest is not simple, Red, yellow, blue! Say to yourself "I'm doing well, I thought, I tried, I made discoveries." Thanks for the lesson. You are great! Lesson setup. Self-assessment of readiness for the lesson. Students check the correct location of school supplies.

Listening Consciously The students form groups of artels in the chosen craft. Perhaps the appearance of a single master Listen and perform tasks; They formulate the tasks to be solved in the lesson Consciously listen Under the guidance of the teacher, identify the place of difficulty Prepared students (toy masters), using the method of information retrieval, supplement the answers View presentations by other students Participation in the conversation Children work in pairs. After working with the textbook, they take a test to determine the patterns of craft. Students paint a toy, then present their product at the fair, praising it so that they want to buy it. And buyers ask questions about toys. Answer the questions of the teacher Independently fix the acquired knowledge. They tell what they learned, they know, they could. Do a self-assessment in the weekly LUUD:

sense-making action. Establishment by students of the connection between the purpose of educational activity and its motive; Self-control in the organization of the workplace KUUD: planning educational cooperation with the teacher and peers, the ability to navigate in one's knowledge system: to distinguish the new from the already known. Ability to listen and understand the speech of others. To be able to express one’s thoughts with sufficient completeness and accuracy RUUD: goal-setting, (setting an educational task based on the correlation of what is already known and what is still unknown) planning (drawing up a plan and sequence of actions) WPUD: self-selection and formation of a cognitive goal, structuring knowledge, be able to formulate their thoughts orally (KUUD) be able to find the necessary material, highlight the main thing from the read text. Be able to formulate a story, maintain a dialogue with classmates Be able to formulate your thoughts orally (KUUD) Be able to listen and hear (KUUD) Be able to make the necessary additions and adjustments to the method of action in case of a discrepancy between the real action and its product (RUUD) The ability to own a monologue form of speech ( KUUD) Cognitive UUD (be able to apply information retrieval methods, including using computer tools) Search and selection of necessary information (PUUD) Free orientation and perception of texts of scientific, journalistic styles (PUUD, general educational urd) Semantic reading (PUUD. General educational urd)

Logical UUD be able to generalize, analyze, compare and classify Reflection of methods of action, control and evaluation of the process and results of activities (PUUD, general educational) Isolation and awareness by students of what has already been learned and what else needs to be learned, the level of assimilation. To be able to assess the correctness of the performance of an action in the lesson of adequate retrospective assessment (ALE) The ability to self-assessment based on the criterion of success in educational activities (Personal ALE)

Performed:

art teacher

Prosvetova Tatyana Sergeevna

p/s Nizhnedevitsky

Fine art lesson on the topic: "Ancient images in modern folk toys"

Textbook: ON THE. Goryaeva, O.V. Ostrovskaya; edited by B.M. Nemensky. Art. Decorative and applied art in human life. Grade 5 – M.: Enlightenment

The objectives of the lesson: the formation of ideas about folk clay toys, its types (Dymkovo, Filimonov, Kargopol); making a sketch of a toy in the color of one of the folk crafts.

Tasks:

1. To form students' idea of a folk clay toy.

2. To develop thinking, creative and cognitive activity, the ability to reason, compare, generalize, draw conclusions independently.

3. Raise love and interest in traditional Russian culture, their homeland.

Formed UUD:

cognitive- learn to extract information from the textbook, analyze it, identify the features of different objects in the process of examining them;

communicative– learn to participate in collective discussions, build conceptual speech statements, defend their own opinion, formulate answers to questions;

regulatory- learn to keep the goal of the activity until its result is obtained; plan the solution of a learning problem; evaluate the results of their work;

personal– have a responsible attitude to learning, have a motivation for learning activities4 are oriented towards showing interest in arts and crafts.

Methods and forms of education: explanatory and illustrative, partially exploratory, practical; group, frontal, individual, game.

Educational Resources: Nekrasova M.A. “Folk Art of Russia. Folk art as a world of integrity. M., 1983

Durasov G.I. "Kargopol clay toy" - A, 1986

Visual and demonstration material l: presentation for the lesson.

Equipment: textbook, gouache, brushes, paper.

During the classes

Organizing time.

Good afternoon guys! My name is Tatyana Sergeevna. I will teach you this art class.

Is everyone ready for the lesson?

With what mood did you come to the lesson?

Motivational-target stage.

Where did you come from to us?

All simple. No tricky tricks.

Long necked and painted

For the play and fun of children.

I loved you at an early age

Grandma was a craftswoman.

You have passed on to me

From the beautiful people of their village.

You are not afraid of distance.

You are from the ancestors of distant times.

These clay statues

Bell ringing of Russia. (Slide 2)

N.V. Denisov

Suggest the topic of today's lesson and formulate learning objectives.

(If necessary, the teacher helps the children). (Slide 1)

Introduction to new material.

Guys! From early childhood you are surrounded by toys.

Remember what? What are they made of? Where?

All factory children's toys are similar.

But the toys, the images of which are presented on the board, are all different, there is no second one like it, because they are made by hand. (Slide 1)

For what purpose did people create toys? What is their purpose?

(The purpose of the toy is to entertain, amuse children).

In ancient times, clay toys were used in various rituals. They were credited with a special power: to protect, protect people from all evil. The bright color and piercing whistle of the toys helped with this.

Introduction to new material.

Today you will learn more about toys that belong to the direction of "folk craft".

Remember what toys you met in the art lessons in grade 3? (Dymkovsky). (Slide 2)

Why are these toys called not Voronezh, not Nizhnedevitsky, but Dymkovo? (Made in the village of Dymkovo).

The village of Dymkovo is still located near the city of Kirov, and once it was called Vyatka.

Why is Dymkovo famous?

With my toy.

It has no smoky color,

What gray is gray.

There is something of a rainbow in her,

From dew drops

There is something of joy in her,

Thundering like bass.

She does not look gingerbread,

jubilant and festive

In her youth is a highlight,

It has prowess and scope.

Shine ocher with red lead

All over the earth in houses.

V. Fofanov

What are Dymkovo toys made of? (From clay).

What pattern decorates the Dymkovo toy? (Geometric).

All toys are not simple,

And magically painted:

Snow-white as birches,

Circles, cells, stripes -

Seemingly simple pattern

But you can't look away.

O. Levitsky

What are the favorite colors of the Dymkovo masters? (Blue, orange, white, etc.).

What color is the background of the Dymkovo toy? (White).

Clay toys from the village of Filimonovo, Tula region, are surprisingly beautiful and varied. (The teacher draws the attention of the students to the slide with the image of toys). They are called Filimonov.

And these clay toys are from the Arkhangelsk region, from Kargopol and nearby villages. These are Kargopol toys. (The teacher draws the attention of the students to the slide with the image of toys).

Task number 1

Look at toys that belong to different arts and crafts, and working in groups of 4, determine what they have in common and what is their difference? (Slide 2). You can use the textbook (p.66 - 74). Stick to the suggested plan. (Slide 3)

Plan

1. What toys are made of.

2. Images of toys.

3.Shape of toys.

4.Basic colors of toys

5. Elements of painting.

General:

Made from clay;

Ancient images: figures of people, birds, animals;

They have a generalized form;

Many colors are used in the painting;

The use of solar signs

Differences in toys:

Filimonovo toys have elongated shapes; primary colors are raspberry red, yellow and emerald green;

There are many details in Dymkovo toys: frills, frills, braids, flagella;

Kargopol toys are squat; they meet a fabulous creature - Horse-Polkan

2 task. Who came on what horse?

The teacher shows the students images of horses and riders belonging to different art crafts, and the students must guess who arrived on which horse. (Slide 4)

Game Incident at the Museum.

This game requires 2 participants: 1 is a museum keeper, 2 is a detective.

Imagine for a moment that a toy of one of the crafts has disappeared from the museum. Its location is already known, but it is among other toys and this complicates its search. To find the missing toy, the curator of the museum needs to give a verbal description of it. The detective, guided by this description, is looking for the missing among the presented toys. (Slide 5)

Independent work of students.

Making a sketch of a toy in the color of one of the crafts. (Slide 6)

Physical education minute

Summary of the lesson. Reflection.

Exhibition of students' work and their discussion.

Whose work did you like the most?

What is the most successful in them, I wonder?

Continue suggestions:

Today I found out (a). . .

I'm on a mission. . .

Now I can. . .

Homework: plasticine, gouache paints.

Used Books:

ON THE. Goryaeva, O.V. Ostrovskaya; edited by B.M. Nemensky. Art. Decorative and applied art in human life. Grade 5 – M.: Enlightenment.

Goryaeva N.A. Fine art lessons. Decorative and applied art in human life. Lesson developments. Grade 5 \ N.A. Goryaev; ed. B.M. Nemensky. – M.: Enlightenment. 20012

O.V. Sviridova. Fine arts. Grade 5: lesson plans according to the B.M. Nemensky / ed.-comp. O.V. Sviridov. - Volgograd: Teacher. 2006

Most pressing concern
Any labor and craft -
This is to make a new job
It was better than before.

educational: acquaintance with an ancient folk toy, the vitality of these images in a modern folk clay toy;
developing: develop the ability of variable application, decorative painting techniques; to achieve unity of form and decor in children's toys; continue to improve the ability to work collectively, enjoy the results of collective work. Formation of skills in working with plastic material;
educational: to cultivate love for folk art, emotional responsiveness to the works of masters from the famous centers of folk crafts. Contribute to the formation of artistic taste.

Literature:

L.A. Latynin "Images of folk art".
Encyclopedic Dictionary of a Young Artist.
Magazine "Art" 1983/2.
ON THE. Goryaev “Decorative and applied art in human life”.

Visual range:

posters and illustrations depicting clay toys.
student creative work.
tables with examples of the main elements of painting folk clay toys of various crafts.

Music line:

fun folk music,
mischievous ditties.

Materials:

clay for children's creativity or plasticine,
stacks,
water-based primer paint.

Leading method: a lesson in learning new material with elements of integration; it uses an explanatory and illustrative method within the framework of the problem-based teaching method.

During the classes

Organizing time...

I. Actualization of knowledge. Motivation.

There is one amazing profession to which people dedicate their whole lives - they are toy craftsmen, or just toys.

The origins of making toys take us back centuries.

From what material were toys made in ancient times?

Toys were made of wood - dolls, horses - wheelchairs, woven from twigs, rattles assembled from wood chips, birch bark balls and boxes. Today we will talk about a clay folk toy. In the distant past, it may have had religious significance. It is known, for example, that the Vyatichi met the sun god Yarila by singing clay pipes, and with magical patterns on toys and a piercing whistle they drove away evil forces from the soul of the deceased.

The whistle - it is also called in different places a nozzle, a buzzer, a snail, a nightingale - is an ancient and still popular toy in Russia.

II. Learning new material.

Take a closer look at modern folk toys and you will notice that the same images live in them. This is a horse, a bird, a woman. They live the memory of the people, their ancient traditions.

Consider toys of different crafts.

Try to find what makes them different from each other.

Filimonov toy.

The village of Filimonovo in the Tula region is a famous center for the production of these toys. Filimonovo toys have elongated proportions, they look slender and graceful. These toys are molded of white clay with a bluish tinge.

Filimonov's toys almost always whistle.

Images of toys: tall, slender peasant women often hold something in their hands: a child or a chicken with a whistle. Male figurines are stately, long-legged, slightly funny.

Whistler animals are also diverse: horses, cows, rams, chicken birds and some unseen, fantastic creatures.

Colors: crimson red, yellow and emerald green.

Ornament: alternating rainbow stripes, Christmas trees, circles.

They paint toys, as before, with a chicken feather.

All Filimonovo masters know how to work “Lyubota”. “Love” is such a scene. Dancing, having fun, finding out the relationship of a couple. Everyone has their own. Love them all together. Live love!

Dymkovo toy.

The most famous clay toy. She was born in Dymkovskaya Sloboda near the city of Kirov. In the old days, holidays were held in the bazaars - fairs, which were called “whistle dance” or “whistle”. The entertainment of the holiday was clay toys - whistles. Peasants sculpted them from local red clay and fired them in kilns.

Images of toys: dressed up dandies, nannies - "feeders" with children in their arms, dashing riders, horses, important turkeys, and other images.

Colors: yellow, blue, red, green, white background and black colors.

Ornament: geometric (circles, ovals, cells, stripes, dots).

The appearance of the Dymkovo toy involuntarily reflects the nature of the places where these amazing works of art were born. You involuntarily imagine snow-covered snowdrifts. In the cold, people's faces are adorned with a blush. Against the backdrop of illuminated snow, the color of clothes sounds especially bright.

Abashevskaya toy.

Abashevsky whistles - Penza pride. Timofey Fedorovich Zotnin, a craftsman from the village of Abashevo, died in 1991, but the business of the Abashevo toy has not died and continues to live.

Images of toys: the wonderful world of fantastic animals. Cows, bulls, goats and rams are all short-legged, with long necks, with huge horns sparkling in gold and silver.

Colors: red, blue, green, pink, gold and silver

Ornament: a characteristic feature - scales, a single dark color scheme, and animation over it.

What is common between clay toys belonging to different art crafts?

III. Findings.

Nobody remembers when clay toys were first made. But even today these crafts live, and the wonderful art of folk craftsmen continues to live with them. It turns a gray day into a colorful, childishly magical one. It reproaches those who have forgotten about the happiest earthly minutes: knowledge, uplifting smart work, meetings with nice, friendly people, touching a living creature - an animal, bird, grass, leaves. Teaches to be amazed at the world.

IV. Application of knowledge.

Create your own image of a toy from clay or plasticine. You can make it look like Abashevskaya, Filimonovskaya or Dymkovskaya. Try to make the shape of the toy with a smooth surface prepared for decoration.

V. Analysis of student work. Homework.

Bring materials necessary for painting a clay toy (gouache, brushes, PVA glue).

Ready-made toys can be used to decorate a school themed exhibition.