Does literature help a person to know himself. Does literature help you to know yourself? "Your body is talking

Many people know that a couple of hours is not enough for a wound to heal - you need to wait several days, months, and sometimes years, and this fact is undeniable. Of course, there are many so-called "healing agents", but are they really that effective? And is it possible to look at such a situation through the prism of human feelings? In other words, can a long period alone heal mental wounds better than any other means? And why is time called the best healer?

In the novel AS. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin" we can observe the life of several characters at once, who have survived a lot different kind troubles Life troubles got in the way of Yevgeny and the whole Larin family, and even Vladimir Lensky did not escape mental suffering in such a short period of his life. But the brightest and most remarkable of all is the fate of Tatyana - main character works. The novel itself unfolds against the background love conflict, which was so bright that it could not help but leave a scar on the soul of both lovers - both Evgeny and Tatyana, but in completely different ways and in different time. Love for Onegin left a huge wound in the girl’s soul: not only was it the first such strong feeling in her life, it was accompanied by the first refusal. Unfortunately, Eugene was not the one whom Tatiana saw in him, and he, perhaps realizing this, and perhaps simply out of his own convictions, denied the heroine feelings, leaving a huge wound in her soul. For a long time, Tatyana continued to love Yevgeny and experience mental suffering. Neither the books nor the advice of the nanny helped - only time could cope with this. Only a year later, when Tatyana had already turned into a secular lady, she was able to forget about pain and past feelings and perceive this as an experience important for the formation of character. And even Eugene, who soon returned, could not form a new one in place of the old scar - time turned out to be stronger.

The wound inflicted on the hero of Haruki Murakami's novel "Norwegian Forest" was riddled with pain from the loss of a loved one. Naoko, one of the heroines of the work, had a very fragile soul, and therefore, after many troubles in life, she had to be treated in a clinic. It was not an ordinary, ordinary disorder - what was happening to this girl seemed impossible to heal, and even she herself could not explain what was happening to her. Watanabe and Naoko were connected by an almost invisible, but strong, extraterrestrial feeling, and, of course, the hero, who sincerely loved this girl, could not help but worry about her, and later learning that she had committed suicide, he could hardly keep his mind. This news was comparable to the blow of a knife for the hero: for months he wandered the cities in the hope of finding peace, but nothing helped. Only through for a long time, having hardly re-entered his usual life track, Watanabe was able to suppress the unbearable pain in himself, leaving only warm nostalgic memories of Naoko from the previous wound.

Of course, time is the best healer, because often nothing but time can suppress human pain: both mental and physical. Any other means are only a surrogate: the wound, no matter how deep it is, can heal only after passing through time.

"My home is my castle"?

“My house is my fortress” - says a well-known saying, and, based on the definition of the word “fortress”, a house in this sense is a kind of defensive point. But what should any of us defend against in peacetime? And what does he want a common person from your home, what just to be happy?

For happiness, a person, of course, needs a lot, and all reasoning on this topic is vague, like the very concept of “happiness”. However, for harmony, from time to time, between the usual upheavals of life, we all need a place where you can relax your body and soul, feel the atmosphere of warmth and comfort, feel safe. In other words, fence off, "defend" from problems, troubles, hardships and harsh realities and take a breath of calm and constancy. Perhaps it is the presence of such a “fortress” that is an indicator of a mature, accomplished, harmonious and happy personality.

For example, in the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov's "Hero of Our Time", the main character, Grigory Pechorin, did not need a house, and even more: he needed a constant shake-up. We are faced with that period of the hero's life when he is looking for himself, his refuge in his travels in the Caucasus. Pechorin does not have a father's home: in his childhood memories there is no feeling of warmth and a desire to return. Grigory is young, but he already managed to understand that there is no point in his life, and finding him in constant search, movement, playing with other people's destinies is not so easy, and even, as it turned out later, impossible. For Pechorin, the saying about a house and a fortress does not make sense, but only because the hero himself is young and is in search of himself, and at the same time he has already realized that he will never need family comfort, peace, constancy - this is how it turned out, was not capable of making him happy. It is Pechorin's denial of eternal values, his need for constant shaking and default inability to be happy that leaves the hero no chance for his "fortress", he did not need a house.

A completely different situation in the life of the characters from the novel by M.A. Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita" From the fate of the Master, we learn that he, having had enough a large amount money, not in a hurry to spend it on simple hedonism. The hero rented a tiny basement and filled it with books, completely fenced off from the bustle of the outside world and prepared himself perfect place to write a novel. The master, having lived a certain period of time, realized that for happiness he needed only an atmosphere of tranquility, a place in which he would be truly comfortable to live and work, and therefore he acquired his own “fortress”, into which she later moved from a huge, rich mansion and Margarita.

Home in the sense of eternal value, indeed, is a fortress: in it you can protect yourself from the hardships of harsh reality and find peace and constancy. However, this can only be true with those who really need a home and are ripe for such happiness.

Does love help you understand yourself?

Throughout his life, a person is looking for himself, and many factors help him in this. These may include the environment in which he lives, and books that fall into his hands from the very beginning, as well as music and cinema, his own conclusions, feelings - and much, much more. But, if we talk about feelings, then the strongest and truly the most beautiful of them is love. But is it capable of helping a person to understand himself?

Everyone perceives love in their own way: someone believes that it is a gift from above, someone adheres to the assertion that love is based on the processes occurring in the brain - but all versions agree that the person himself has no power over such a deep, and often almost overwhelming feeling.

We can observe an example of constant introspection in the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time". Main character, Grigory Pechorin, is a person with extraordinary thinking and worldview. His attitude towards people can cause both contempt and admiration at the same time, and his very image of a renounced person born out of his age is dual and ambiguous. Grigory Alexandrovich denied his own attachment to people, to feelings, to emotions: he preferred to have the role of a cynic and not get hung up on anything, however, at some points in the novel, you can see that Pechorin literally suppresses any feelings in himself. In fact, Gregory is not cruel and cynical: he knows how to love, and it is through this love for the world, for people - for all living things that from childhood he began to understand and analyze everything that surrounds him, and, most importantly, himself. Grigory Alexandrovich realized that in fact love makes him weaker and more vulnerable, and therefore he preferred to fight it, carving out a completely different, new personality in himself. Pechorin understood that this feeling was changing him, that it was thanks to love that he could commit a completely rash act: break away and set off to catch up with his beloved on horseback, but, unfortunately, Grigory preferred to suppress any manifestation of such affection in himself, fearing to be injured again.

The hero of the story A.S. Pushkin " Captain's daughter Only with the help of love was he able to reveal his potential and make many important deeds and discoveries for his life. Pyotr Grinev joined the Belogorsk Fortress as a very young, weak, impulsive guy, completely unprepared for serious actions and decisions, and was even able to go to a life-threatening duel with Shvabrin, who, as it turned out later, was not even worthy of contempt. And only at the same time as a strong, truly sincere and deep feeling for Mary began to emerge and develop in the hero, Peter began to set priorities correctly, approach solving problems from the right side and heroically deal with any obstacles. Love revealed in Grinev an honest, worthy fighter capable of defending the honor of his lady of the heart, and Peter himself, only having fallen in love, realized what truly risky, but deliberate actions he was capable of in order to protect his Fatherland, his family, and, of course, his beloved.

Of course, love helps to understand oneself as a person: it can act both as a litmus test, and as a good impetus to action, and, of course, as a wise teacher.

What is the path to self-knowledge?

If a person nevertheless decided to get out of the framework of philistine existence and to know the whole essence of himself, he certainly needs to put a lot of effort into this. And if not at the end, then in the middle of this long analysis, he will understand that the path to self-knowledge is thorny and difficult, but incredibly interesting.

The path of self-knowledge can also be personified with the search for the truth of all life, which many heroes of the immortal Russian classics were engaged in.

A striking example is the hero of the epic novel M.A. Sholokhov " Quiet Don". Grigory Melikhov throughout the novel is in constant search, in constant throwing, he makes mistakes, suffers, makes mistakes again, but still moves towards the truth. Gregory is often at the crossroads of two roads, he is faced with two options: here is the concept of moral choice, and love, and a worldview position. Being a Cossack, the hero is driven by violent passion, but often the need to break the generally accepted rules and norms struggles with Grigory's mind and morality. He adheres to this principle in love, and therefore for a long time he cannot make a choice between Aksinya and Natasha - between passion and family values. Being on the battlefield, the Cossack reaches for his home, for his native steppes, for native land, however, is in no hurry to return to civilian life, because he understands that many questions remain in this field. Grigory is rapidly changing: from a brave and risky Cossack to a kind family man, from a separatist to a forerunner of the people's power, from the former to red and vice versa - but in the end he chooses the path of an independent search for the truth, driven only by a sincere desire to find moral peace. Melikhov searched for the truth for a long time, walked along the path of searching for himself for a long time, and this path was truly complex and interesting. In each of his actions, the hero obeyed the call of his own heart, walked towards harmony with himself and towards peace of mind, his goal was self-determination through self-flagellation and self-condemnation - and that is why Grigory Melikhov, with the help of wanderings, gains, mistakes and losses, eventually achieved his.

Also difficult, long and, of course, very multifaceted was the path to self-knowledge from the hero of the epic novel L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". Pierre Bezukhov, like Grigory Melikhov, was initially driven by the desire to find the truth with the help of a sense of morality and spiritual harmony. He went through timidity, gentleness and pliability that interfered with him, useless revels and outrages, an unhappy and insincere marriage, losses, mistakes, delusions, searches, religious affiliation, still unable to satisfy all needs, came to Decembristism and eventually found family happiness. Throughout its complex and interesting way Pierre tried completely different areas of his activity, and was guided in everything by a constant desire to do good, to work on himself and on the improvement of the world around him.

The path to self-knowledge can be different: short, if laziness and fear become stronger than desire understand the truth, and long if the desire to find the truth is strong enough and directed in the right direction. And in any case, no matter how long the path is, there will be difficulties and seemingly insurmountable circumstances, overcoming which, you can find happiness.

“Following the thoughts of a great man is the most entertaining science” (A.S. Pushkin).

Truly wonderful is the time spent reading a good book or a series of books, scientific articles, essays and lectures by interesting, great personalities who have earned world fame for their work. More entertaining than this can only be the study of the biography of these personalities, the analysis of their most striking works, with the help of which one can trace the path from the inception to the full prosperity of the greatest thoughts.

M. Yu. Lermontov. This writer and poet was shot dead in a duel at a very young age, and, of course, any person who has even studied the work of M.Yu. Lermontov, with a heavy heart, understands that in 1841 the world lost a great writer and innovator. However, the motive of death hovered between the lines of the poet's poems long before the fatal duel: M.Yu. Lermontov did not just foresee the end of his life - he understood that this was a necessary pattern, a consequence of his lifestyle. From the poems “Duma”, “I go out alone on the road”, “My house” and to the most significant prose work “The Hero of Our Time”, we can trace the author’s philosophy: he was a man who was born in a different age, who had a different opinion from everyone and worldview, by a person whose life purpose was to leave behind a trace of “fertile thought”. In "A Hero of Our Time" there is a parallel between Pechorin and M.Yu. Lermontov: both at a young age are in search of the meaning of life, both feel uncomfortable in the world ordinary people, both suffer mental suffering and pain during childhood and adolescence - and therefore it is even more interesting to follow both the action of the novel and the whole life of the writer, because in each work his thought takes on new forms.

Similar motifs are present in the work of A.S. Pushkin, however, this person perceives in a completely different way the world and the role of one human life within everything that has ever existed on earth. In the work of A.S. Pushkin throughout his life there is a motif of life-affirmation and love of freedom, love and friendship, as well as female beauty - both spiritual and physical. The first novel of its kind in verse "Eugene Onegin" was written by the poet at a very young age, and even then the idea of ​​the pricelessness of human life, the importance of purity and sincerity in a person's character, the strength and immeasurable power of feelings over a person, and rushed red thread on all novels, stories, poems, poems, stories. And with each poem, with each new work, the philosophy of A.S. Pushkin, and this cannot but capture.

The ability to trace the philosophy of one person from its very beginning to its full prosperity, the ability to trace its most important motives and the most important and interesting thoughts is not so common, but it gives its owner hours, months and years of entertaining pastime.

“The book for everyone illuminates our personal movement towards the truth” (M.M. Prishvin)

Man has always felt the need for a book. Over the centuries, talented writers have created works that illuminate different topics being. There are many books that can cheer up, and there is a category of books designed to teach a person the right thing to do in certain situations, and assist in his movement towards the truth.

Among the works that raise issues relevant to all people is the story "Prisoner of the Caucasus" by V. Makanin. It was written at the end of the 20th century, when topical issue modern life Russian citizens was the Chechen war. The war in the Caucasus turned into a suffering one for the whole of Russia. It still takes the lives of our warriors daily.

What is remarkable about this war? It is the result of the errors of modern management. political games or a consequence of long past historical events? A couple of centuries ago, Russia waged a war in the Caucasus.

Citizens objectionable to the government died on it, as well as people who independently sought death, duelists, and disenfranchised soldiers.

What factors caused the war? It is extremely difficult to answer this question. But one of the key reasons was social injustice. Not the last role here was played by national feelings, the contradictory interests of states and religious beliefs. Historians and artists are engaged in the search for truth.

The theme of the war in the Caucasus was covered by Pushkin, Lermontov, L. Tolstoy. The heroes of the works had to go to the Caucasus not in order to find spiritual harmony with nature, which was often depicted by romantics in the works, but in order to carry out actions that, according to L. Tolstoy, contradict the human mind and its nature.

Naturally, the concepts of war and prisoners are inseparable. Consequently, Pushkin, Lermontov, and Tolstoy gave their creations the name "Prisoner of the Caucasus". The name of V. Makanin's story directly directs the reader towards the study of these works. The writer took the approximate details from Tolstoy's realistic narrative. The situation depicted by him became a mirror reflection of the one that the reader involuntarily expected: a Chechen, not a Russian, is captured.

Makanin, as a realist, shows both sides Chechen war. The reader is presented with a manifestation of stupidity, mismanagement and cruelty, inevitably pursuing a person in war. However, the true beauty of the human soul is revealed to the reader.

The story is presented in one episode, which tells about peace negotiations between Lieutenant Colonel Gurov and the leader of the Chechens, Alibekov. Each of them, striving for the good for own side, tend to bring her, and harm. Gurov needs to feed his soldiers, so he has to bargain for the provisions he needs. At the same time, he contributes to the arming of the militants, which is fraught with a fatal outcome for his people. The same Alibekov, having supplied the enemy with food, gave him a chance to continue to conduct military operations against his own bandit formation.

However, when reading the work, we are visited by reflections on a topic related not only to private problems, but also to the search for the meaning of human existence, cruelty modern society. We begin to worry about the conflict of a personal and social nature. There is a similarity between his hero, the soldier Rubakhin, and the character in L. Tolstoy's story. In The Prisoner of the Caucasus, perhaps the character's surname was not chosen at random. The reader should see an analogy between him and the expression "shirt guy". Stands out among other soldiers prosaic dexterity and dexterity. However, this character is characterized by the ability to see beauty. The author described the situation, how Rubakhin looked at the sky, lying on his back, and he was surrounded by mountains from all sides and did not let go.

In the Caucasus, as in no other place, the spirituality of all mankind is manifested. Only in the mountains can a person comprehend true value and understanding the meaning of our lives. At the beginning of the story, the author seemed to place a hint to the reader, focusing on what the meaning of life is, and what a person can be saved from cruelty and callousness.

"Beauty will save the world" - this thesis is voiced from the first lines of the work. Really, spiritual man sees true happiness in the possibility of contemplation and creation of beauty. Although, is beauty capable of saving humanity from inciting wars and murders? Alas, the conclusion we have drawn is sad, because cruelty and beauty, spirituality and immorality exist side by side.

Perhaps, by the laws of nature and by the will of fate, a person needs to be subjected to various trials that life presents. However, it is within his power to moral choice. Rubakhin, poorly educated common man given a deep sense of the beauty of the world, human nature and nature.

V. Makanin shows the beauty of nature, which was described in the traditions of Russian classics. Although there are differences between the language of Makanin and the language of other Russian classics. In a military way, it is concise, with its simultaneous capacity. It is in this language that a simple tragic story is told.

We are talking about a Caucasian prisoner - a Chechen youth, dexterous and handsome. Getting acquainted with the description of his appearance, the reader involuntarily draws an analogy with the appearance of Lermontov's character - Mtsyri. He is a child of nature. Rubakhin is endowed with the ability to discern beauty, and therefore he cannot destroy it. He takes care of the prisoner, giving him his own socks, and remaining in rough boots. The hero of the story warms him in the morning and gives him tea in the evening, carries him across the stream. It seems that he is fascinated by the beauty of the young man, and causes a feeling of falling in love. A soldier who has been at war with the Chechens for a long time realizes that the absolute truth is expressed by the erased words that all people are of the same blood.

Berne's model of the Inner Parent, Inner Adult and Inner Child is something that anyone who wants to understand other people (and themselves as well) is very desirable to know.

An international cult bestseller worth reading for those who are ready to go beyond the usual life scenarios, wants to understand the motives of his actions and the behavior of other people and find out why conflicts arise. Berne believes that a person can change his destiny if he wants to.

The author calls his work "a guide to the prevention mental disorders". He writes about the originality of characters and their subspecies, pays attention interpersonal relationships and analyzes specific cases from his practice.

The most best book about the characters of people in Russian.

Ilya Shabshin

The work calls for assessing a person based on his characteristics and helps to understand how to treat others with tolerance and why this should be done. Why figure it out? To prevent painful situations that arise due to a lack of understanding.

Andrey Kurpatov is not just a psychiatrist and a doctor, he popularizes psychology and psychiatry, gives the common man the opportunity to get acquainted with important ideas that can later be successfully applied in life.

Oleg Ivanov, psychologist, conflictologist, head of the Center for Settlement of Social Conflicts

Based on the results of research in the field of neurophysiology and neurobiology, the author tells in an accessible language how the human brain works, why it is us and whether something can be done about it.

The popular science work teaches you how to interact with other people and tells you how to competently use your brain to solve important problems. This book is for those who want to get rid of illusions and look at their lives from a new perspective.

The Red Pill is the first book in a trilogy. It also includes Mind Halls. Kill the idiot in yourself" about how to make the brain work for yourself, and "Trinity. Be more than yourself”, dedicated to three types of thinking.

Reading, however, for intellectual readers, but very exciting. Talks about the main types of characters using examples from classical literature.

Inna Semikasheva, candidate psychological sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University them. I. N. Ulyanova

Each person is unique, and character determines how we perceive reality and look at the same things. And in order to understand other people, you need to know how each of them sees this world.

The book will help change the perception of yourself and the people around you and make you relate to your own mistakes in a different way. This is a work about the features of human characters, defense mechanisms and personal and mental disorders including depression, hallucinations and paranoia.

The essay helps to understand the "naturalness" of people's weaknesses (including one's own), difficult feelings and actions. It describes the attitude of each character quite well.

Larisa Milova, family psychologist, procedural psychotherapist, genetic psychologist and trauma therapist

Psychiatrist, psychotherapist, doctor of medical sciences and professor M. E. Bruno reveals the essence of various and gives examples from his practice. The professor analyzes what type they are famous writers, poets, artists and musicians, and using the example of their work explains the features of each character.

Perhaps in the descriptions you will find yourself or your loved ones and understand why relationships develop with some, but not with others. Finally fix the situation.

Burno's work is recommended by the Department of Psychotherapy, Medical Psychology and Sexology of the Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education and the Professional Psychotherapeutic League as tutorial on psychotherapy.

The term "accentuation" was introduced by Leonhard. Under it, he understood overly pronounced character traits, which are an extreme version of the mental norm and border on a pathological condition.

The book was written by a living plain language, therefore, it is quite suitable not only for professionals, but also for all those interested in psychology.

Larisa Milova

In a work that has become one of the most popular in the field of psychiatry, the author psychological analysis accentuated personalities and analyzes examples from .

Adler says that the foundation of any relationship in society is the understanding of the other. And to achieve mutual understanding is possible only by knowing the nature of man.

Larisa Milova

He argues that a person bears for his actions and is able to change behavior, which plays an important role in interpersonal relationships.

Hollis writes about eight mysteries male psychology, psychological traumas and ways to heal them, as well as the fear that controls the life of a man.

A book about how difficult it is to be a man in modern world, fulfill various social roles and meet expectations, is worth reading for both men and anyone who wants to understand them.

Larisa Milova

Certain expectations are placed on a man from childhood, but they do not teach him to listen to himself. The author explains how to deal with injuries and learn how to build trusting relationship with yourself and those around you. The work is supplemented with examples from his psychotherapeutic practice.

A book for those who want to learn to better understand women and see the differences in the psychology of women and men.

Larisa Milova

Horney disagreed with many of Freud's views on women. For example, with the fact that every woman is jealous of a man's penis and unconsciously wants to give birth to a son. For her point of view, she was expelled from the ranks of the American Psychological Association.

But this did not prevent her from creating her own theory of the psychology of a woman, which is set out in the work. Horney touches on the topic of sexual disorders and social inequality, writes about the problems of marriage, motherhood, femininity, love and fidelity.

Johnson draws a parallel with the myth of Parzival and uses this legend to reveal deep psychological processes in men. The author tells what it means to be a man and how it becomes, explains the origins of aggression and bad mood, and also explains the role of a woman in the life of a representative of the stronger sex.

Johnson has a similar work, but only about women - "She: Deep Aspects of Female Psychology". In it, on the example of the myth of Eros and Psyche, he reveals the subtleties of the female worldview.

Remarkable works by a follower of K. Jung on the features of psychology and life path men and women.

Larisa Milova

If you are wondering “What is happening to me?” or "Why is he or she like this?", these books are for you.

The book about dark sides our soul. Why do people play gambling or abuse alcohol, do something that does not coincide with our ideas about them.

Larisa Milova

Everyone has a shadow side, but not everyone is ready to admit it. It hides in the unconscious, but manifests itself in our actions and actions. Hollis writes how to recognize your Shadow, change behavior, overcome internal contradictions and learn to act consciously.

The book will be of interest to anyone who wants to find the strength to deal with the "inner demons", to understand the essence and nature of the Shadow and find out what drives other people when they do certain things.

We constantly experience some kind of emotion: we are afraid, happy, sad or angry. We clumsily try to hide them, and sometimes we think that at one glance we understand the feelings of another, but we are often mistaken in this.

The ability to recognize emotions in oneself and in others is the basis of mutual understanding between people and the ability to make one's life more comfortable.

Larisa Milova

Even the smallest, barely noticeable changes in facial expressions - whether it be the position of the eyebrows and eyelids or wrinkles in the corners of the eyes - matter. It is they who indicate whether a person is afraid or simply surprised, upset or tired and wants to sleep.

For clarity, the book is illustrated with photographs with examples. On the last pages - an emotion recognition test to consolidate the knowledge gained.

Larisa Milova

You can expose any deceiver if you know what exactly you need to pay attention to during a conversation. The author of the book offers to figure out how to use a smile, facial microexpressions and microgestures. He also describes the types of lies, gives historical examples, and explains what emotions a deceiver experiences and how they manifest themselves.

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Why did Pushkin oppose the talent of Salieri to the genius of Mozart?

If this mythical opposition of Mozart and Salieri had not existed, then Pushkin would have invented it. Without intrigue, the reader is bored, but here is such a beautiful legend. Like Christ and Judas. Stalin and Trotsky. Othello and Desdemona.

And when poets do not have enough well-known plots, they begin to invent dialogues like "Poet and Citizen", "Conversation with the financial inspector about poetry", "Poet, journalist and bookseller", well, there was a lot written there that no one ever reads and never quotes. But put brand names instead of faceless symbolic figures - and disputes will begin to stasis.

And the presence of these nameless, but not stupid opponents of the poet only says that story line for him it is only a way to express his own thoughts or try to display his impressions of an incomprehensible crowd or an individual.
Well, offhand - something like that.

(2014.10.28 13:02:48)

DOES LITERATURE HELP A PERSON TO KNOW HIMSELF?

Literature helps a person in self-knowledge in only one way: it gives direction for self-development.

The trap that all readers fall into is the identification of their thoughts in the thoughts of the author or the hero, and the identification of themselves in the hero. As a rule, "knowledge of oneself" ends with the author's finished formulation.

It’s hard to agree with this, leaving yourself a loophole that saves pride. "I thought so too, I just couldn't express it."

No. I couldn't express, so I didn't think.

A thought formulated by another is not your thought.

Classical Russian literature has formed a whole generation of restless and reflective intelligentsia, who, apart from suffering from misunderstanding in proud loneliness, did not know how to do anything. And all because self-identification with the characters and the author's reasoning did not allow him to admit the failure of his own thinking.

Among other things, in any classic, and just in pocket fiction "for the subway" (since it is otherwise difficult to draw attention to the plot without a love conflict), there is a clear exaggeration of the exclusivity of the feelings of one character in relation to another, which simply disorientates the reader (more often reader) like the virtual reality of the Internet, contrary to the reality of life.

But as a fictionalized source of information, even emotional, fiction very much on topic.

(2014.11.26 20:36:14)

Influence classical works on the moral consciousness and sanity of the reader is highly doubtful, because among the great multitude of worthy authors there is an even greater multitude of their creations; and not overpower even a hundredth part of these treasures for earthly life.
And therefore only - the reader is offered from decade to decade the same canonized list, and whoever dares to look beyond the list will miss something common in unifying knowledge educated people, and will separate in the arrogant pride of the one who has mastered the excess.
Well, that means that one book is enough from each author, and there will be a lot of that; or replace with a surrogate like New Testament replaced by the Lesson of God's Law of the First Degree?
And the rest - to the academics.
Or you can just close your eyes to the truth and vault with words about great benefit classics. Libraries are open, but everyone reads "my lord of the stupid" and Charskaya and Boborykin.

(2015.05.21 03.12.25)

Is pessimism always negative?

A misunderstanding of pessimism, taken from a literal translation from Latin: pessimus, that is, a pessimist, which means the worst - it is this perception that has become in the mass consciousness classic characteristic decadence in the assessment of both man and society.

The negative assessment of reality attributed to pessimism, the vision of only evil in the surrounding world and a gloomy look at the prospects of humanity and the world - all this is in fact a huge delusion. Yes, the concentration of life's negativity and its constant analysis depresses, but not only.
The negative - and its forecasting - makes you concentrate and look for ways and means to get out of the impasse or force majeure as quickly as possible.

Only a pessimist is able to look with open eyes at the danger, he never prepares for capitulation and is unable to capitulate, since the worst result of an action, an event, natural disaster for him - a reality, and he is ready to meet it, as they say, with an open visor, in contrast to his pink-eyed optimistic opponent.

(2014.10.17 22:24:15)

ORIGIN of the expression "Nonsense"

As an assumption: “grey-bearded”, “grey-whiskered” grandfather means old, gray-bearded, gray-whiskered. (A little off topic, but by the way: even, perhaps, mossy and moldy in color - due to bedsores and unwashedness.) That is, by analogy - a gray mare is dumb and stupid not because of the color of her coat, but because of her old age this color is, well, Alzheimer's, in short.

Of course, over the centuries the meaning of the word "nonsense" has changed, but the expression has remained.
Something like this happened with the expression "lie, how gray gelding". This poor gelding does not deceive, he "lies", that is, he incorrectly drags the plow behind him and lays a crooked furrow. And the reason is the same - gray, old.

(2014.10.17 05:52:14)

"HE FORCED HIMSELF TO RESPECT". What did Pushkin mean?

Sometimes it is useful not to look for an Aesopian language where it does not exist, but simply to turn to the original source. What could Pushkin encrypt in the phrase "He forced himself to respect"? Never mind. The author said exactly what he wanted to say, especially since these are the mental arguments of the protagonist, and not the author's speech.
You just need to remember the context, the first stanza of "Eugene Onegin", in order to understand that there is no hidden meaning: a young dunce (not rich, by the way: not so long ago he distributed an inheritance to creditors after his deceased father) goes for an inheritance to his uncle, who is dying, and wants to see at least a nephew, quite possibly without promising anything, if the nephew is the only heir.

"My uncle has the most honest rules,
When I fell ill in earnest,
He forced himself to respect
And I couldn't think of a better one.
His example to others is science;
But my god, what a bore
With the sick to sit day and night,
Not leaving a single step away!
What low deceit
To amuse the half-alive,
Fix his pillows
Sad to give medicine
Sigh and think to yourself:
When will the devil take you!"

And here are the first two lines of the second stanza:

"So thought the young rake,
Flying in the dust on the mail ... "

That is, this dunce is a decent cynic, and how sadly he formulates his cynicism both in relation to his uncle and in relation to himself!
Well, in one of the following stanzas, Pushkin succinctly sets out all this collision:

"Suddenly he got really
From the manager's report,
That uncle is dying in bed
And I would be glad to say goodbye to him.
Reading the sad message
Eugene immediately on a date
Rushed through the mail
And already yawned in advance,
Getting ready for the money
On sighs, boredom and deceit
(And so I began my novel);
But, having arrived in the uncle's village,
I found it on the table
As a tribute to the ready land."

As for the phrase itself. then it is essentially a borrowing from French (Gallicism): "il s" est fait respecter ". It is often believed that it means:" make one reckon with oneself", "make it so that they obey, do what is subjective, up to whim required."
However, it is precisely the literal, literal translation of the phrase "il s" est fait respecter" that sounds like this: "he forced himself to be respected." But the free interpretation of "to force one to reckon with oneself" has nothing to do with the translation, especially since the word "respect" , that is, "respect", "respect" - it is understandable and without translation even today, not like then. So the French language itself in the first " Onegin stanza"Nothing to do with it. Even as an inaccurate translation.

(2014.12.08 13:40:54)

WHY DID PUSHKIN ACTUALLY WRITE THAT LOVES GRAMMAR ERRORS?
(exchange of opinions with unknown nickname)

In the novel "Eugene Onegin" (Chapter 3, stanza 28) one can read:

"Like ruddy lips without a smile,
Without grammatical error
I don't like Russian language.

Why did he write like that?

You don't misrepresent Pushkin. Where did he actually write that he likes grammatical errors? What does this follow from?
From the fact that he does not like Russian speech without a grammatical error? These are slightly different things: to love illiteracy - and to love mistakes in oral Russian speech.
With whom did Pushkin communicate for the most part? With people who speak French from childhood and do not understand a single belmes in their native Russian language, since it was the "low" common language of nannies-mothers-cooks-coachmen and other serving serf personnel.

And when this highly cultured public suddenly began to speak the language of the serfs - to which the then progressive public urged them through magazines and through the poetic work of the same Pushkin - it was impossible to listen without laughter to the mutilated Russian speech from the lips of a seminarian or academician.

However, advanced views also exerted some influence on the most arrogant representatives of the nobility, who were forced to apply alien language rules and speech techniques that were different from those learned from childhood. After all, Pushkin admitted with annoyance that he was forced to translate Tatyana's letter from French into Russian:

"She didn't know Russian well,
Didn't read our magazines
And expressed with difficulty
In your native language
So, I wrote in French...

Nothing, however, surprising: Pushkin himself was rather dismissively treated after the publication of fairy tales for adults, set out in excessively pure Russian, but which are now considered children's.
Therefore, the irony of Pushkin in relation to those who are trying to speak in an almost alien dialect is obvious:

"God forbid I come together at the ball
Ile when driving on the porch
With a seminarian in a yellow chalet
Or with an academician in a cap!
Like ruddy lips without a smile,
No grammatical error
I do not like Russian speech.
Perhaps, to my misfortune,
Beauties of the new generation,
Journals heeding a pleading voice,
Grammar will teach us;
Poems will be put into use;
But I... what do I care?
I'll be true to the old days."

So Pushkin did not write that he liked grammatical errors.

(2015.01.10 23:38:17)

OPPONENT:
I didn't "mess up", but only tried to fit the question into 75 characters. And then in the comments he cited the source. I'm not sure that academics in Russia had a "mutilated Russian speech" (unless only foreign academics who recently arrived in the country). It is precisely Pushkin who emphasizes that he is afraid of hearing from seminarians and academicians "an unnecessarily pure Russian language." This version is probably correct. And the fact that Pushkin has irony is undoubtedly.

ANSWER:
Well, excuse me, "misrepresented" - not in the sense of "lied." It's like Pushkin's "love" for illiteracy.
By the way, an amusing footnote about seminarians and academicians: ""With a seminarian in a yellow chalet / Or with an academician in a cap" - An ironic name for learned women.
Oh how!

OPPONENT:
Does this mean that Pushkin wrote that he DID NOT LIKE absolutely "pure", grammatically accurate academic speech? After all, they don’t usually say that (if they don’t make a report)?

ANSWER:
Look what is clear from the following lines of this stanza: Pushkin writes that "For my misfortune" magazines beg the population to study grammar and may even introduce poetry into speech, but Pushkin does not care about this: "I WILL BE FAITHFUL TO THE OLD OLD."
The end of the stanza is, after all, much stranger: PUSHKIN IS AGAINST LITERACY, against enlightenment IN PRINCIPLE (!). And why - "For my misfortune"?
AND WHAT OLD TIME IS HE WRITING ABOUT? WHAT DOES IT MEAN? TO WHOM IS IT ADDRESSED?
Don't you feel the hidden controversy?
But what kind of literacy does he oppose? They twisted his arms so much after the vernacular in his fairy tales, citing the example of Sumarokov and Derzhavin with salon verses, that, in modern terms, they "got it." Develop the topic yourself.

OPPONENT:
Well, he didn’t ask for forgiveness from Admiral Shishkov!? He felt his greatness and knew about it. Apparently, he also understood what actually creates the modern Russian language. "I'll be faithful to the old days"? He did not mean that he would return to the cumbersome and for us already difficult to read lines of Trediakovsky and even Lomonosov. Pushkin generally liked to play pranks ...

ANSWER:
Yes, Pushkin did not understand what creates the modern Russian language! We know about it after the fact, and only ascertain. And then he was treated as an author who abused dialectisms and archaisms. Oh, not the place for a long discussion.

Reading dictionaries will help replenish lexicon Russian language?

Unfortunately, the culture of reading dictionaries is just reading! - disappears. The seeming simplicity and instantaneous extraction of information from the Internet has already disfigured one generation.

The huge distance between the volumes of Ozhegov and (jointly with Shvedova), Ushakov, Dahl, Vasmer, thematic and profile encyclopedic dictionaries- and the same information on the Internet.
When looking for a word, flipping through real pages, not virtual ones, you run through a dozen more words and interpretations that seem to be unnecessary now, and all this sinks into memory involuntarily, and will definitely appear later.
The Internet gives out exactly what you are looking for, no more, with a bunch of distracting information and advertising. That is: read, copied and forgot.

(Do not forget about the quality of the text Soviet publications, with a mass of editors-academicians, in contrast to modern ignoramus-publishers with terrible, to put it mildly, typos).

OK. In short, Lenin had only dictionaries and encyclopedias in his bookcases in the Kremlin. Brockhaus and Efron, Dahl, Encyclopædia Britannica, etc. And he worked with them all the time.
And like an educated grandfather was. And literate. Why does he need dictionaries?

(2015.05.19 17:54:11)

Will contemporary postmodern poetry ever be considered classical?

Why not? Khlebnikov's "Bobeobi sang lips" was a denied outrageous, became a classic. And the current fragmentary non-rhyming "stream of consciousness" reflects and formulates (does not form!) reality in its own way. There is nothing good in this, but this eSeMeJuic reality is a fact: people have stopped writing letters. Well, think, of course. They think in the same blocks, not in individual images.

Previously, the poet's metaphor came back to haunt tens of thousands of souls, like their own worldview. Today - a short outrageous statement of fact, which can be formulated by both a genius and an idiot, comes around in the millions. And this rapprochement (there is no suitable comparison at hand) of Dürer's engraving and the bazaar popular print is unstoppable. Dissertation theme.

(2015.03.04. 02:25:55)

Why are girls now not ashamed to be kept women?

Something you painfully strict to the girls of the XXI century. And the traditions of the kept women are very old, and they had their own morality, like the "keepers".

Unfortunately, I did not find on the net an episode from "Cruel Romance" based on "Dowry" by A. Ostrovsky, with A. Petrenko - the merchant Knurov, and with L. Guzeeva - Larisa. And there would be a very expressive picture, especially since Larisa decided to agree with his proposal.
Well, let's get by with a quote from "Dowry":

""" Knurov (approaching Larisa).
Larisa Dmitrievna, listen to me and don't be offended! I have no intention of offending you. I only wish you well and happiness, which you well deserve. Would you like to come with me to Paris for the exhibition?
And full security for life?
Do not be afraid of shame, there will be no condemnation. There are limits beyond which condemnation does not go: I can offer you such an enormous content that the most malicious critics of someone else's morality will have to shut up and open their mouths in surprise. """

Here keywords, which are also the answer to your question: there are boundaries beyond which condemnation becomes meaningless. But this is the 19th century. And has something changed in the assessment of morality in a century and a half?

(2015.05.08 00:03:32)

Something would change in better side if Stalin or Beria were returned to power now? Would there be more order in the country?

It would be good to return Lavrenty Palych. There are a lot of legends and dirt on it, but the truth that breaks through. is given, as it were, "through teeth" - both from academicians, and from designers, and even from the transcripts of the 20th Congress that criticize him.

You read why he was trampled on and what proposals he submitted to the Central Committee, both on the GDR, and on Yugoslavia, and on the independence of the union republics, up to their own orders as a symbol of national statehood - he foresaw the end of the 20th - the beginning of the 21st century. Only read the originals, from Politizdat 1956, and not "interpreters".

Beria is a tough and pragmatic administrator, and there is less blood on him than on any of that Politburo, simply because he became a People's Commissar late, on the decline of repression. The same kind Anastas Mikoyan entered Stalin's "inner circle" only after the destruction of the entire Central Committee of the CPA, while on a business trip from Moscow.
So Khrushch and the company had something to fear if Beria came to power.

Was there a lot of information about Khrushchev, Malenkov, Molotov, Mikoyan, Voroshilov and other high-ranking signatures under the execution lists (not counting, by the way, the decisions of the Politburo with their visas)? Whoever has the power has archives and matches.

Nevertheless, these people were in power and did not shoot anyone after 1953 (well, except for Abakumov - for nothing), because times have changed.
So would Beria behave differently?

As for Beria, as the leader of the state, he could not become a leader, but Deng Xiaoping, an indisputable authority without power, using the experience of Stalin - with a consistent understanding of the realities of modern life (after all, more than 60 years have passed since his execution), taking into account his business qualities, he would quickly pick up a team for the president and, going too far, would put down corruption, and the oligarchs, and officials, and would find people to raise the industry.

(2015.01.06 22:00:01)

Why is Zhirinovsky so popular, despite his statements?

The phenomenon of Zhirinovsky is that he was the only one who managed to bring the everyday, domestic and gateway understanding of life from kitchens and pubs to television screens.

The intellectuals snort and pinch their noses as they pass a drunken obscenity on a bench near the entrance and in the entrances themselves, but in the kitchens they culturally discuss the same problems as the peasants in the entrance, not particularly embarrassed in expressions - among their own they call Asians - black, Gorbachev or Yeltsin - fools, villagers, who came in large numbers from the trans-Ural hinterland of Russia - limit idiots, but at the same time they do not allow themselves to express themselves in this way in society because of innate political correctness.

And Zhirinovsky allowed himself. Yes, he allowed it so that no one who considers himself a politician will ever repeat this after him, so as not to lose his reputation. Remember deputy Marychev in the State Duma with false female breasts or in a quilted jacket? Zhirinovsky school, especially since Marychev was in the Liberal Democratic Party.

Here is the reason for the popularity of Zhirinovsky, a deeply educated person who relied on outrageousness - and won. He expresses the opinion of the majority, even when the majority condemns him. And his boorish scandalous statements are boorish Uncle Vasya in the entrance in front of a crowd of intellectuals, and he himself is this crowd.

Zhirinovsky is a truth detector and the voice of the people. By the way, almost never wrong in long-term forecasts. No matter how wrong people are.

(2015.04.05 22:28:31)

Can moralists be called blinkered people, why?

Despite the skeptical and even condescending - up to arrogant contempt - attitude towards moralists, as carriers of obsolete dogmas and precepts, they are the guardians of the moral norms of their ancestors. After all, if you think about it, there is no life rule in the arsenal of the moralist, which would contradict common sense, general well-being and harmed the one who observes it.

On the contrary, the violation of these rules, condemned by the zealot of the foundations, is always destructive for the individual and for society, no matter how progressive it may seem from the point of view of the falsely understood freedom of the individual.

It is important to understand that the integrity of the moralist does not allow him, following one principle, to violate others. That is, the ten commandments for him are a monolith, and not a dozen disparate rules under one cover, which are easily violated by "nemoralists."

For all the seeming tediousness of moralists, these are the most reliable comrades, not subject to the temptations of optionality, licentiousness and betrayal, which are so common in modern life.

As for blinders, we should remember why these blinders exist and understand that a horse is not a person: her eyes do not look forward, like a person’s, but around, that is, in relation to a person, the classic “blinker” is a meaningless definition, he will see exactly as much as he saw .. And that the purposefulness of a person, limited by guides (it is insulting to call them blinkers), which only cut off interference, is "self" restriction, and not "self" violence.

Therefore, in case of doubt about the correctness of your act or decision, it is worth remembering a familiar moralist: what would he say about this and how would he act in such a situation?

By the way, all parables are composed by moralists.

"Nemoralists" come up with jokes. It's beautiful too.