Table of correspondence of incandescent lamps. Which company to choose an energy-saving lamp? The principle of operation of an energy-saving lamp

Energy saving lamps- devices with a huge light output (the ratio between power consumption and luminous flux), the most used now in everyday life, contributing to energy savings. Compared to incandescent bulbs, energy-saving lamps can achieve energy savings and reduce cash costs by up to 85%.

Classification

Luminescent (gas-discharge)

Often, the shape of this type of light source is a curved bulb, allowing it to be installed in smaller housings. Such light bulbs are equipped with a built-in choke.

Their most popular purpose- This is an installation instead of conventional incandescent bulbs.

Most often you can find this type of light bulbs called "energy-saving", this is not entirely correct, since there are many varieties of them.

continuous action

This type of luminaires improves color rendering much better, have lower light output. Their main advantage is continuous spectrum radiation, which has a less detrimental effect on health.

Special color

In addition to white light bulbs, there are the following varieties:

• with colored phosphor;
• with pink phosphor;
• with ultraviolet light;

LED

The main element of this type is the LED, which is used in all spheres of life. A distinctive feature is the use of safe components.

They have a unique housing designed for LED source. A specially designed luminaire is much more reliable and energy efficient.

Table comparing the power consumption of various types of lamps:

The simplest incandescent bulbs have metal filaments that glow when an electric current is passed. Mostly - thermal energy, not light.

Energy-saving lamps have a slightly different principle: they transmit about 25-30% of the thermal energy, and the rest of the energy is light.

The power of energy-saving sources is in the order of 7 - 300W. The radiation power is much less than conventional incandescent devices, which have an approximate ratio of 1 - 5.

Comparison

Designations:

1. Radiation power listed in Watts (W/W). Depending on the power, the brightness of the light source depends, respectively, there is a greater consumption of electricity. The luminous flux, measured in lumens (Lm / Lm), characterizes the light power of the radiation flux.
2. Light output- indicator of the source, showing the level of light production by each watt of energy. This parameter is measured in Lm/W.
3. illumination- shows the degree of illumination of a particular room, measured in Lux (Lx). This characteristic shows the ratio of a unit of luminous flux to the illumination of a unit area.
4. Color reproduction- this parameter indicates the degree of transmission of the color spectrum along with natural.

Marking

The domestic designation of energy-saving light bulbs contains a letter - indicating the type:

• L - ;
• B - white light;
• TB - white with a warm tint;
• D - daytime color;
• C - improved color rendering;
• E - improved environmental performance;

The international designation is a numerical designation, where the first digit indicates the color rendering index, and the rest indicate the color temperature in hundreds of degrees Kelvin.

Table of characteristics of different types of light sources:

According to the type of socles, energy-saving sources are divided:

• threaded;
• pin;

Designation of plinths:

1. 2D- curved configuration, in the form of a square. The plinth has the shape of a rectangle 60 x 36 mm. Power - 16, 28, 36 watts.
2. G23 It has the shape of a tube folded in half. Power 5 - 14 W.
3. 2G7- has similarities with G23, this type works with a ballast. The socket has 4 contacts.
4. G24– the shape is similar to G23, it has the shape of a fourfold folded tube. Output power 10 - 36 W.
5. G53- in the form of a disk, 16-20 mm thick and 73 mm in diameter. The device has a curved shape. The power of this type is about 6 -11 watts.
6. E14, E27, E40- have a screw type "Edison" base. The numerical designation indicates the diameter of the base.

Application area

Fluorescent lamps with bases of various types:

1. Luminaires with 2D base used for decoration, sometimes used for recessed lighting in modern showers.
2. Plinth types G23, 2G7 applicable in wall lamps with special holes.
3. Plinth type G24 Designed for use in industrial and domestic lighting fixtures.
4. Plinths G53 produced in a sealed case, intended for wet rooms, for the installation of stretch and plasterboard ceilings.

Sources equipped with E14, E27, E40 socles are used in household cartridges instead of incandescent lamps. This type of luminescent light source has large dimensions, therefore, replacement is not possible for all sizes of fixtures.

Sources of the continuous spectrum reproduce light that has a beneficial effect on health. Unlike conventional linear spectrum bulbs, they give better color reproduction.

Special colored sources are intended for general lighting, as well as:

1. Having a colored phosphor– for lighting design (art lighting, city lights, inscriptions, signboards).
2. With pink phosphor- are often used in the meat industry to give meat a marketable appearance.
3. ultraviolet light- applicable for lighting in a darkened room, for disinfection (in medical institutions), as a design for entertainment facilities.

Used for domestic, industrial, street lighting. LED sources have an emitter predominantly in one direction, which allows them to be used for directional and local lighting.

In addition to the above points, LED bulbs are widely applicable for lighting museums, art galleries, since there is no ultraviolet component in the light spectrum.

Luminaires are used to control lighting in industrial, office premises, corridors, warehouses, public places, elevators, parking lots, etc.

Advantages and disadvantages

The advantages of luminescent sources include:

1. High light output, the light flux is 5-7 times higher, compared to incandescent lamps, allows you to achieve energy savings - 80-85%.
2. illuminated the entire surface of the flask.
3. Possibility of manufacturing emitters with different properties: color temperature, various colors of ultraviolet.
4. Significantly less heating of the body and flask compared to incandescent bulbs.
5. Longer service life, which does not require constant turning on / off the light.
6. Absence stroboscopic effect, in case of illumination of moving parts of the equipment.

The disadvantages of luminescent sources include:

1. Relatively short term services when used in domestic applications, sometimes this period can be compared with incandescent devices.
2. Regular on/off is not recommended. This type of source is not used in New Year's garlands, medical laboratories, light alarms.
3. With high room humidity a capacitor drops out, which leads to an interruption in the electrical circuit. When used at high temperatures, there is a "reddening" of the spectra of bulbs and a large loss of light output, and with a subsequent increase in temperature - a complete failure. This type is not suitable for rooms with high humidity and unheated.
4. Inability to use in emergency situations, or in the event of an emergency, since there is a minimum voltage that allows it to start.
5. high temperature and inside the structure reduces the reliability of all its electronic elements.
6. Flashing light bulbs off, due to leakage of electric current in the circuit. Flashes and unpleasant sounds can be irritating and can also damage the light source.
7. Mercury, which is also present in used devices, is dangerous if it is damaged.

The benefits of LED bulbs include:

1. Compared to conventional light bulbs- low power consumption, allowing to ensure a service life of up to 20,000 - 60,000 hours.
2. Easy to install.
3. Low temperature a, high strength, and in most cases - small size.
4. Complete environmental safety which contributes to the preservation of the environment.
5. Has no mercury, as well as other toxic and harmful substances.

The disadvantages of LED bulbs include:

1. High price, glowing in only one direction.
2. In inexpensive models high-frequency flicker occurs.
3. Upon failure the lamp is being replaced.
4. Mismatch of most models established standards.
5. Harmfulness cold emission of LEDs compared to other light emitting elements.
6. Decrease brightness due to LED burnout.

Model overview

Energy-saving lamp-spiral SVETOZAR

Price 155 rubles.

Specifications:

• base - E14;
• power - 8 W;
• luminous flux - 380 lm;
• temperature - less than 3000 K;
• supply voltage - 220 V;
• hour resource - 10000 hours;

LED lamp C37 E14 5W 4000K REV FROST

Price 200 rubles.

Specifications:

• base - E14;
• power 5 W;
• power analog incandescent - 40 W;
• supply voltage - 220–240 V;
• temperature 3300 - 5000 K.
• service life - 30000 hours;

The following factors influence the choice of energy-saving light bulbs:

1. Light output of LED sources, compared to fluorescent lamps is higher.
2. Environmental friendliness. The safest of all types of lamps are LEDs, since fluorescent ones contain mercury, which, if the body of the light source is damaged, can pose a threat to others.
3. For LED sources no flicker which contributes to more comfortable work. They have a spectrum of light close to natural when emitted.
4. As for color, then LEDs have better color rendering.

Summing up, we can name the biggest drawback of the LED source - this is its price. But for those who care about their health and the health of their loved ones, this type of light bulbs will pay off in full in the future.

Energy-saving light bulbs are products shrouded in a halo of mystery. It would seem that the main advantage of their use is obvious even from the name - buy and rejoice.

Nevertheless, many of our compatriots are in no hurry to acquire "miracle developments", wanting to first find out:

• what is their device;
• what is their “frugality”;
• are they dangerous?
• why such familiar and “native” incandescent lamps fell into “disgrace”.

A number of users are also confused by the fact that reviews about the operation of such light sources are not always the most flattering.

All these doubts are fair and have the right to exist. Therefore, we will talk in detail about the advantages, disadvantages and intricacies of operating luminescent "housekeepers". And also about how to choose the right energy-saving lamp, if for you its pluses still outweigh the minuses.

Compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) device

The first linear fluorescent lamps were produced in the United States in the late thirties of the last century. They began to be actively used in the fifties and sixties - they became a successful solution to the issue of lighting in industrial enterprises and office buildings. Unfortunately, linear fluorescent lamps could not become a "household breakthrough" for quite obvious reasons - their dimensions are very much not "home".

Therefore, the desire of manufacturers to significantly reduce the dimensions of the development became completely unsurprising. They succeeded in this “undertaking” only in the eighties, after new, better phosphors had been created. The diameter of the tube was reduced to 12 millimeters, and the tube itself was repeatedly bent. Years later, specialists managed to reduce the weight and size of fluorescent lamps so much that they became serious “competitors” to traditional incandescent lamps.

A modern compact fluorescent lamp consists of two key elements - a curved bulb and a base.

In the CFL flask there are tungsten electrodes "coated" with activating substances (a mixture of oxides of barium, strontium, calcium). The flask is filled with an inert gas with a small admixture of mercury vapor.

When voltage is applied to the lamp, a charge arises between the electrodes (which is quite natural), and it lights up. But almost all the radiation generated by it lies in the ultraviolet range. In order for this radiation to be "transformed" into light visible to the human eye, the inside of the bulb is coated with a special substance - a phosphor.

The composition of the phosphor directly determines the color characteristics of the resulting light, i.e. "quality phosphor = efficient lamp".

Interesting! A compact fluorescent lamp is the absolute champion among all light sources in terms of the number of common names. No matter how they call her - “kllshka”, “energy saving”, “housekeeper” ...

The advantages of "housekeepers" over incandescent lamps

1. The first and main advantage of compact fluorescent lamps is the highest light output. About five times larger than incandescent bulbs. If we talk about specific numbers, this means that the light output of a 100 W incandescent lamp will be equal to the light output of a 20 W fluorescent light source. The main trump card of such a purchase, as you might have guessed, lies in the ability to reduce electricity consumption for lighting by about 80%. Reducing the energy used is a "joy" not only for the wallet, but also for the environment. By reducing our consumer demand for it, we reduce the amount of harmful gas emissions, which are an "essential" by-product in the production of electricity.

Important! Throughout the civilized world, it is the importance of preserving the environment that is the key motivating factor for the transition to energy-saving light sources.

1. The classic reason for the failure of incandescent lamps is the burnout of the tungsten filament. The principle of operation and structure of CFLs are radically different. This allows them to operate 6-15 times longer. The average resource of housekeepers is 6-12 thousand hours.
2. Since CFLs need to be replaced much less frequently than Ilyich's bulbs, they are very convenient to use in hard-to-reach fixtures (for example, in apartments with high ceilings).
3. Housekeepers not only consume less electricity, but also emit less heat. This allows you to safely install them in chandeliers and lamps with a temperature limit. Now you don’t have to worry that the cartridge, trim elements and wire will “float”.
4. Energy-saving lamps allow you to organize softer and more uniform lighting.

Disadvantages of energy saving lamps

1. Replacing all the ordinary light bulbs in the house with housekeepers at once can be quite difficult financially. One CFL will cost 10-20 times more than a conventional incandescent lamp.
2. Too frequent on / off will significantly shorten the life of the housekeeper.
3. Standard CFLs must not be used in luminaires that are controlled by dimmers (dimmers). For these purposes, there are special CFLs with brightness control, but needless to say, they cost an order of magnitude more expensive than the already expensive "ordinary" housekeepers.
4. CFLs contain mercury and other toxic substances - they must be disposed of properly; You can't throw them in a regular trash can.
5. It takes some time for the housekeeper to warm up to full power. In a room with a normal room - up to 45 seconds.
6. When using compact fluorescent lamps outdoors, it will not be possible to achieve the same bright light as indoors.

High-quality energy-saving lamps - how to choose and what to look for?

Weighed all the pros and cons? Have you come to the decision that this development definitely deserves consumer attention? So, it's time to go shopping. But which energy-saving lamp to choose if there are so many of them on the shelves?

There are a number of parameters by which you can determine the best samples for each specific case.

Power

Power is the first parameter that you should decide on when choosing an energy-saving light bulb. Considering that the light output of a CFL exceeds the light output of a conventional incandescent lamp by about five times, it is necessary to use the following "translation" rule - divide the power of the "classic" light source that you are used to, by five. In practice, it will look like this: if 75-watt incandescent bulbs “flaunt” in your chandeliers, then a housekeeper with a power of 15 watts will be quite enough.

Note! The “law of division by five” does not always work. Some Chinese manufacturers can "please" buyers with only a fourfold increase in capacity. Therefore, the information on the packaging should be studied more than carefully.

Plinth type

The vast majority of modern housekeepers, intended to replace obsolete incandescent lamps, use the "traditional" Edison base. The designation has such energy-saving lamps e27.

Sconces and small lamps may require light sources with an e14 base - pay attention to this. It differs from the classical one in a slightly smaller diameter.

Large energy-saving lamps with an e40 base are suitable for powerful and overall lighting fixtures.

Colorful temperature

Unlike incandescent lamps, CFLs can produce a different kind of glow. That is why some housekeepers seem to us uncomfortable for the eyes.

Such visual irritation occurs due to the incorrect color temperature of the lamp matched to a particular room.

• for office premises and cabinets, lamps with a color temperature of 6000-6500K will be optimal. They emit a cold white light with an "admixture" of blue;
• for the living room and nursery, it is advisable to stay at housekeepers with natural white light (4200K). This tone is very close in spectrum to natural light;
• for the kitchen and bedroom, CFLs with a color temperature of 2700K are ideal. Lighting from such a source is very similar to the atmosphere created by an incandescent lamp.

Price and service life

You should not be tempted by an obscenely cheap housekeeper. Otherwise, you run the risk of running into an “instance” that is unable to work even thousands of hours out of the declared four to six.

Warranty

The warranty period for an energy-saving light bulb can be from 6 to 36 months, depending on the manufacturer. Naturally, the bigger it is, the better.

Be sure to ask at the place of purchase of the goods for the terms of the guarantee. As a rule, it is required to keep the receipt and the box from the product.

The form

The form of luminescent housekeepers can be quite diverse:

• U-shaped;
• spiral;
• semi-spiral;
• flask-shaped (pear, ball, candle).

Choose the one that best suits your aesthetic preferences and overall interior design.

Worth knowing! The most popular are U-shaped and spiral housekeepers. The shape of the product does not affect the quality of its work, which cannot be said about the price. Spiral, as a rule, are more expensive than U-like due to more complex production technology.

Helpful advice! When buying fluorescent light bulbs for the first time, do not try to take a dozen at once to all rooms of the house. Take two or three with different color temperatures, test them, see if the eyes get tired from the acquired samples. And after a couple of days, buy the lamps to the required amount.

Which company to choose an energy-saving lamp?

If it is not difficult to determine the power, color temperature and type of base, then, as a rule, difficulties arise with the choice of a manufacturer. What are the best energy-saving lamps to choose, given that brands are “like stars in the sky”?

Experts are unanimous - preference should be given exclusively to those brands that have been on the market for many years and which can boast of exceptionally positive feedback from consumers.

The best energy-saving lamps, according to experts, are Philips, Osram, DeLux, Navigator, Camelion, Era.

Philips

Philips is the first company to offer new energy-saving light sources in the eighties. Since then, it has been actively and fruitfully developing the field of energy-saving technologies. Philips energy-saving lamps are always a wide range and beautiful appearance. And excellent quality and durability.

Osram

Osram is another "pioneer" of the housekeeper market. The company produced its first lamp in 1985. All Osram fluorescent energy-saving lamps have a long service life (up to 15,000 hours) and can easily withstand an impressive number of restarts (5,000 - 500,000).

Navigator

Navigator energy-saving lamps appeared on the domestic market in 2006. The range of products under the name Navigator includes about a hundred positions, among them: U-shaped, spiral-shaped, decorative light sources.

camelion

The range of Camelion energy-saving lamps is able to satisfy the wishes of any buyer with any income level. Three series of housekeepers are produced under the Camelion brand:

• Camelion ECO;
• Camelion Classic;
• Camelion PRO.

Camelion ECO is a standard size, half-year warranty, high brightness and a service life of 6000 hours.

Camelion Classic is compact in size, 1 year warranty, 8000 hours service life.

Camelion PRO is an ultra-compact size, exclusive range, warranty - 1 year, service life - from 10,000 hours.

Era

Era energy-saving lamps first appeared in Russia in 2008.

Their current range makes it easy to replace absolutely all incandescent lamps - regardless of the shape and type of base.

TOP 3 questions about energy-saving lamps

Is it worth it to “completely” change all the light bulbs in and around the house to housekeepers?

Definitely not. In every house and in every apartment there are such lamps that turn on for a total of five minutes a day (appliances in the pantry, basement, in the attic, in the toilet, finally). In a year you will save a penny on them, while CFL will pay off in 10-12 years, if it still “survives”. As they say, the game is not worth the candle.

When are energy-saving light bulbs a truly cost-effective solution?

The housekeeper is a smart choice for chandeliers and fixtures that run at least three to four hours a day. In this scenario, by reducing energy costs, the product pays off in 3 years. And then, accordingly, "works" for you.

What other energy-saving light sources, besides CFLs, can be used in everyday life?

Halogen lamps are an excellent choice. True, it is impossible to call them such energy-saving ones, since they are only twice as economical as incandescent lamps. But the advantages of halogens are already enough:

• narrowly directed light distribution;
• possibility of use with regulators;
• compact dimensions;
• the highest quality of light transmission.

Light-emitting diode (LED) light sources are becoming a very promising option for home use today. They are durable, energy efficient, and produce quality light.

Energy-saving lamps are now in trend and this is not without reason. With ever-increasing electricity prices, many people want to reduce electricity consumption in order to reduce costs.

And one of the ways to save money is to use energy-saving appliances in the house.

And most often, savings begin with lighting fixtures. After all, it is easier and cheaper to change light bulbs in the house than, for example, a refrigerator.

At the same time, the use of energy-saving lamps in terms of energy consumption can significantly reduce the cost of electricity in the house.

So we will try to figure out what energy-saving lamps are, and whether they can really save us electricity.

General advantages and disadvantages of "housekeepers"

Let's start with the very concept - an energy-saving lamp. To determine if a lighting device is economical, it is compared with a conventional incandescent lamp. And any lamp that consumes less electricity than the “Ilyich bulb” is already considered energy-saving.

But there are few types of such lighting devices, and in domestic conditions three types of lamps are used at all:

• halogen;
• luminescent (gas-discharge);
• LED.

The advantages of these lighting fixtures compared to an incandescent lamp are really many:

The first and most important of them is a significantly lower power consumption with the same light output, due to a higher efficiency. An incandescent lamp has a very low efficiency - about 18%, that is, out of every 100 watts of energy consumed, such a lamp converts only 18 watts into light radiation, the rest of the energy is spent on heating the spiral. For energy-saving lamps, the efficiency can reach 80%, but this depends on the design features of each device. Below we will take a closer look at the efficiency of all types of lamps;

Increased service life, which also affects financial costs, but here again, much depends on the design of the lamp and operating conditions;

Safety of use (does not apply to halogen lamps). The absence of a direct connection of contacts (in an incandescent lamp they are connected by a spiral) eliminates the occurrence of a short circuit.

Reducing the load on the network, which also increases security.

And these are just the main advantages inherent in all energy-saving lamps.

The main common disadvantage for economical elements is their cost.

There are a number of advantages and disadvantages that each type of "housekeeper" lamp has.

Basic parameters of lighting elements

In order to further understand the operating parameters of the above types of lamps, we will consider each of them using the example of a conventional incandescent lamp, since in all calculations they are repelled from it.

The main parameters for any lamp is its luminous efficiency, it is also efficiency, and light temperature - the intensity of light emission. This can also include a resource.

The efficiency of a lamp is the luminous flux (measured in Lumens) that it emits when it consumes a certain amount of energy (measured in Watts).

In simple terms, this parameter means how much light the lamp will emit, having spent 1 watt of electricity.

So, a 75-watt incandescent lamp provides a luminous flux equal to 935 lm and has a luminous efficacy of 12 lm / W.

Light temperature is the intensity of the radiation of a light source, taken as a wavelength in the optical range (measured in Kelvin).

To make it clearer, this parameter indicates what brightness and color tone the emitted light will have.

A 100-watt incandescent lamp has a light temperature of 2800 K, which in the optical range corresponds to warm white light with an orange tint. This is the temperature of sunlight during sunrise and sunset.

The average life of an incandescent lamp is 2000 hours. From these parameters in the future we will build on. The life of the lamps can be extended, special devices that not only regulate the degree of illumination of the premises, but also save electricity.

Halogen devices

Now for the energy-saving lamps themselves and let's start with halogen. In fact, this is the same incandescent lamp, but with some modifications. In her flask, the place of vacuum is a buffer gas (vapours of bromine, iodine).

The use of these vapors made it possible to increase the light temperature to 3000 K, and the lamp efficiency is 15-17 lm / W to provide the same 900 lm of luminous flux.

Due to its better light output, the halogen element is able to provide the same amount of light as a 75-watt conventional incandescent lamp, but for this it needs only 55 watts of energy, that is, there is already a saving in electricity.

In addition, the use of a buffer gas increased the lamp life up to 4000 hours of operation.

The advantages of halogen elements, in addition to efficiency and increased resource, also include their availability, since they cost not much more than conventional lamps.

They are available with E14 and E27 bases.

At the same time, they often have smaller overall dimensions than incandescent lamps, which allows them to be used even in miniature lamps.

The disadvantages of halogen elements are the same as for conventional incandescent lamps.

Fluorescent

The advantages of household discharge lamps also include a low heating temperature (does not exceed 65 ℃), which eliminates the occurrence of a fire, they are quite compact, do not explode when turned on.

But she also has a lot of shortcomings.

Firstly, they are much more expensive, about 15 times, compared to incandescent lamps.

Secondly, they contain mercury vapor, which are poisonous.

Thirdly, over time, they fade from natural aging, and frequent switching on and off significantly reduces their resource.

Fourthly, they are very susceptible to voltage drops.

Despite the shortcomings, fluorescent lamps are currently the highest priority for use.

LED

And the last type of energy-saving elements is LED. Such a lamp is a set of LEDs combined into one circuit.

But LEDs operate from a constant voltage network, so a converting transformer is included in the design of the lamp, which is also a driver.

There are a lot of types of such lamps, and they differ mainly in the location of the LEDs.

This type of lighting fixtures has the best performance parameters.

Such a lamp has a luminous efficiency of 86-95 lm / W, therefore, to provide a luminous flux of 900 lm, it will consume only 7-10 watts. At the same time, its resource can reach 50 - 100 thousand hours of work.

Like fluorescent elements, LED lamps have a wide range of light temperatures, which makes it very easy to maintain the correct ones.

These lighting devices are very reliable, safe, immune to voltage drops.

Produced with the most common types of plinths. There are elements in the design of which batteries are additionally included, which allows the lamp to be used from a conventional network or from a battery in case of power outages.

There are also devices with a remote control.

The only drawback of such lighting devices is a very high price, about two times higher than the cost of luminescent analogues.

Options to choose from

Now about what parameters you need to consider when choosing an energy-saving light bulb. First of all, you need to decide on the type. At the same time, you should immediately pay attention to the cost and resource.

Power.

The first criterion for selection is the power of the lamps. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the correspondence of the selected elements to those already used at home.

For example, 100-watt incandescent lamps are used everywhere in housing, while the light from them is quite enough.

Based on the luminous efficiency, it can be determined that the same amount of light can be provided by a 70-watt halogen, a 20-watt fluorescent lamp, and a 12-watt LED lamp.

If there is not enough light, then you can pick up a more powerful energy-saving element.

At the same time, you don’t even need to carry out any calculations, comparative tables are usually printed on the packages of these lamps, which allows you to quickly and easily select a light bulb with the required power parameter.

Plinth type.

The second thing you need to pay attention to is the type of base. For conventional cartridges, a lamp base with the designation E27 is suitable.

In lamps and sconces, a cartridge for the E14 base is often used.

Before going to the store, you should definitely ask what types of plinth are needed. But you can make it easier - unscrew and take a light bulb with you, which will change and compare the bases.

Dimensions, shape.

The third selection criterion is the shape and size. If there is a lot of space for installation, then you can buy almost any lighting element in shape. In limited installation spaces, you will have to select lamps according to size.

Outcome

Note that the savings from the use of "housekeepers" will not be immediate, because the lighting element must first pay off at the expense of the saved funds, and this may take quite a lot of time, and this also depends on the intensity of use. And it doesn’t matter in a private house you use such lighting fixtures or in an apartment.

The halogen lamp pays off the fastest, but in the end, the savings from it will be negligible.

A luminescent element can pay for itself after a year of use, and in the future it will already begin to save money. As for LED light bulbs, they have the longest payback period, about three years.

In general, only those lighting elements that have a significant resource and can work without problems for more than two years can bring really tangible savings.

Finally, we say that it is not necessary to immediately replace all the lighting elements in the house with energy-saving ones, because this can result in substantial costs.

If they are changed gradually, then the expenses will not be so noticeable, and in the end it will be possible to completely switch to energy-saving lamps.

Energy-saving lamps work on the same principle as conventional fluorescent lamps, with the same principle of converting electrical energy into light. Often the term "energy-saving lamp" is usually applied to compact fluorescent lamp, which can be put in place of a conventional incandescent lamp without any alterations.

To calculate the illumination of a room, you can use the calculator for calculating the illumination of a room.

ESL has a fairly long service life (depending on type and manufacturer) of 10,000 hours, and is five times more economical than an incandescent lamp, which has a lifespan of only 1,000 hours.

The principle of operation of an energy-saving lamp.

The tube has two electrodes at the ends, heated to 900-1000 degrees, as a result of which a lot of electrons are formed in the tube, accelerated by the applied voltage, which collide with argon and mercury atoms. In mercury vapor, a low-temperature plasma is formed, which is converted into ultraviolet radiation. The inner surface of the tube is coated with a phosphor that converts ultraviolet radiation into visible light. An alternating voltage is applied to the electrodes, so their function is constantly changing: they become either an anode or a cathode. The voltage generator supplied to the electrodes operates at a frequency of tens of kilohertz, so energy-saving lamps do not flicker compared to conventional fluorescent lamps.

Differences between incandescent lamps and energy-saving lamps.

Ordinary incandescent lamps contain thin metallic filaments that glow when electricity passes through them. However, 90% of electrical energy is transferred as thermal energy, not light.

Modern energy-saving lamps work differently: they transmit 25% of electrical energy in the form of heat, and a large proportion - 75% of electrical energy - is transmitted as light energy.

ESL are produced with power from 7 to 250 watts. Their power is 5 times less than the power of incandescent bulbs, so it is advisable to choose based on a ratio of 1 to 5.

Comparative table of the power of incandescent lamps and energy-saving lamps.

The main indicators of ESL.

Power. measured in Watts (W or W). The higher the power, the brighter the lamp will shine, but at the same time there will be more electricity consumption.

Light flow. It is measured in lumens (lm or Lm). It means how light it will be in the room, i.e. how much light the lamp will "give" out. The higher this number, the brighter it will be. It has a "bad habit" to decrease with time of operation.

light temperature. It is measured in kelvins (K). Lamp color index, i.e. of the shade that we see and most often divide into:

. "like a normal lamp" (approximately 2700-3300 K), is often called a warm color. This is the temperature of the sky at sunset;

Daytime (4000-4200 K), called natural color; This is the color of a soft, scattered sky;

Cold (about 5000 K).

Light output of an energy-saving lamp- This is a parameter of the efficiency of a light source, which shows how much light a particular lamp produces for each watt of energy expended on it. Light output is measured in lm/W. The maximum possible return is 683 lm / W and theoretically can only exist at a source that converts energy into light without loss. The luminous efficacy of incandescent lamps is only 10-15 lm / W, and fluorescent lamps are already approaching 100 lm / W.

Light level - this is a parameter that determines how much a particular surface is illuminated by a given light source. The unit of measurement is lux (lx). This value is defined as the ratio of the luminous flux with a power of 1 lm to the illuminated surface with an area of ​​1 sq.m. In other words, 1 lux = 1lm/sq.m. According to Russian standards, the norm of illumination of a working surface acceptable for a person is 200 lux, and according to European standards it reaches 800 lux.

Color rendering index - this is a relative value that determines how naturally the colors of objects are transmitted in the light of a particular energy-saving lamp. The color rendering index (Ra) of a reference light source (i.e., ideally transmitting the color of objects) is taken as 100. The lower this index for a lamp, the worse its color rendering properties. The color rendering range comfortable for human vision is 80-100 Ra.

Labeling of energy-saving lamps.

Domestic marking of fluorescent lamps contains a letter - parameter indicator:

• L - luminescent;
• B - white color;
• TB - warm white;
• D - daytime color;
• C - with improved color rendering;
• E - with improved environmental friendliness;

International marking. The first digit in the color code is the color rendering index, the other two characterize the color temperature in hundreds of degrees. The quality of the phosphor for the house should not be lower than eight. The temperature of 2700 - 3600 K is ideal for the house. The marking should be 827, 830 or 836

Characteristics of energy-saving lamps.

Socle type ESL.

Modern ESL, easily screwed into a classic plinth "Edison". It has the designation E27. The number indicates the diameter of the base in millimeters.

In small lamps, table lamps, sconces, the E14 base is more often used (the so-called minion), which differs from the classical one in a smaller diameter.

In powerful fixtures, an E40 base is used, which has a larger diameter.

Energy-saving lamps may have other sizes of socles, for example: pin and threaded. The most common pin.

• G23
• 2G7
• G24Q1
• G24Q2
• G24Q3
• G53

Also available for E14, E27 and E40 threaded sockets with built-in electronic gear. The base sockets for these lamps are very easy to mount in conventional luminaires and have a claimed lifespan of 3,000 to 15,000 hours.

Scheme of operation of an energy-saving lamp (lamp with a power of 11W).

The energy-saving lamp circuit consists of power circuits that include an interference-protecting inductor L2, a fuse F1, a diode bridge consisting of four 1N4007 diodes and a filter capacitor C4. The start circuit consists of elements D1, C2, R6 and a dinistor. D2, D3, R1 and R3 perform protective functions. Sometimes these diodes are not installed in order to save money. When the lamp is turned on, R6, C2 and the dinistor form a pulse that is applied to the base of the transistor Q2, leading to its opening. After starting, this part of the circuit is blocked by diode D1. After each opening of the transistor Q2, the capacitor C2 is discharged. This prevents the dinistor from reopening. The transistors excite the transformer TR1, which consists of a ferrite ring with three windings in several turns. The filament is energized through capacitor C3 from the boost resonant circuit L1, TR1, C3 and C6. The tube lights up at the resonant frequency determined by capacitor C3 because its capacitance is much smaller than that of C6. At this point, the voltage across the capacitor C3 reaches about 600V. During start-up, peak currents are 3-5 times normal, so if the lamp bulb is damaged, there is a risk of damaging the transistors. When the gas in the tube is ionized, C3 is practically shunted, whereby the frequency is lowered and the oscillator is controlled only by capacitor C6 and generates less voltage, but still enough to keep the lamp lit. When the lamp is lit, the first transistor turns on, which saturates the TR1 core. Feedback to the base causes the transistor to turn off. Then the second transistor opens, excited by the oppositely connected winding TR1, and the process is repeated.

Malfunctions of energy-saving lamps.

Capacitor C3 often fails. Typically, this happens in lamps that use cheap components designed for low voltage. When the lamp stops lighting, there is a risk of failure of the transistors Q1 and Q2 and, as a result, R1, R2, R3 and R5. When starting the lamp, the generator is often overloaded and the transistors often cannot withstand overheating. If the lamp bulb fails, the electronics usually break too. If the bulb is already old, one of the coils may burn out and the lamp will stop working. Electronics in such cases, as a rule, remains intact. Sometimes the lamp bulb can be damaged due to deformation, overheating, temperature difference. Most often, the lamps burn out at the moment of switching on.

Repair of energy-saving lamps.

Repair usually consists of replacing the broken capacitor C3. If the fuse blows (sometimes it is in the form of a resistor), transistors Q1, Q2 and resistors R1, R2, R3, R5 are probably faulty. Instead of a blown fuse, you can install a resistor of several ohms. There may be several faults at once. For example, when a capacitor breaks down, transistors can overheat and burn out. As a rule, transistors MJE13003 are used.

Many of you switched from incandescent sources to energy-saving light bulbs a long time ago, and now you are thinking about LED ones. The rationality of the transition must be calculated for each case separately and depends on the mode in which it is used. It is especially not recommended to install energy-saving lamps where they operate in a short-term mode. They kindle slowly, when it flares up at full power, then you already leave the room and turn off the light.

• 1. Energy-saving lamp types and price
• 2. How to choose
• 3. Power matching
• 4. Luminous flux and power
• 5. Example of Philips specifications
• 6. Service life
• 7. Why is blinking or blinking
• 8. Which light bulbs are better LED or energy saving
• 9. Circuit and power supply

Energy-saving lamps types and price

Energy-saving lamps are called compact fluorescent light bulbs, abbreviated as CFLs. The abbreviation will be used throughout the text. By design, it is a conventional fluorescent light source in a more compact format. The power supply unit is installed at the base of the case near the base; for cooling, small holes are made through which air circulates.

1. shape in the form of a spiral, circle, square, horseshoe;
2. base E14, E27, E40;
3. with a flask in the form of a pear, a candle, a ball;
4. the ability to adjust the brightness, dimming.

If you decide to switch from CFL to LED, you will run into a common problem. For LEDs with an E14 base, the luminous flux is no more than 600lm, due to the fact that the dimensions are limited. In this case, the power is 6-7W, it is almost an analogue of a 60W incandescent. To illuminate the room where the CFLs used to be, LEDs may not be enough. The illumination will be lower than expected, and it should be with a margin, given the degradation of the LEDs. Even the Chinese do not have powerful ones, although they write in parameters from 1000 to 1500lm, which is 2-3 times too high.

Only recently have LED E14 800-900 lumens appeared, power consumption 10W produced by X-Flash. But now they are in short supply, E14 at 10W are sold out immediately, they are not even often on the manufacturer's website.

The main disadvantage of CFL will be:

1. slow ignition up to 10 minutes;
2. decrease in light output at low temperatures.

How to choose

To choose the best energy-saving lamps, you need to know 9 basic parameters, half are similar to diode ones.

Main characteristics:

1. rated power - power consumption;
2. power factor - the ratio of active and reactive;
3. luminous flux - the brightness of the source;
4. color temperature - 2700K warm white or neutral white 4000K;
5. color rendering index CRI - color rendering of objects;
6. warm-up time - the period of time after which it shines by 60-80%;
7. ignition time - the time required for ignition;
8. service life - the number of hours after which the brightness will drop by 30% of the initial;
9. number of switching cycles.

The easiest way to choose the best ones is by brand, it must be well-known. If you hear the brand name for the first time, then it is better to refuse. The bigger the brand, the more they worry about quality. When you compare energy-saving in price with cheap diode ones, then in terms of service life they will not work much longer than CFLs. A good LED costs from 200 rubles.

Consider the installation location, if on the street or in the entrance, there will be many who want to drag it or break it. Therefore, in the entrance I put filament LEDs with a broken bulb, they cannot be unscrewed without a tool. If you try to unscrew it with your hands, you will break the LEDs, and it’s not very noticeable in the ceiling.

Power Compliance

energy saving lamp power table

A feature of energy-saving lamps E14, E27, E40 is the lack of the possibility of dimming, dimming. To maintain the glow requires a constant high voltage. But looking through the Osram website, it turned out that they have models with brightness control.

The table shows the correspondence between LED and incandescent.

Table of power and correspondence of incandescence.

To simplify the calculation of the incandescent analogue, use a factor of 5. For example, you have a 9W CFL, multiply 9w by 5, it will turn out to be an analogue of a 45W light bulb.

Luminous flux and power

As elsewhere, when choosing, look not only at the price, but use the rule: "cheap can not be good, no matter what the manufacturer promises." Too often I encounter deceptions from stores and from manufacturers. The economic situation in Russia in 2016 is difficult, therefore, in order to keep the business, many begin to deceive the buyer, so that sales do not fall.

An example would be the ASD brand, which exaggerates the power and luminous flux of its lamps and fixtures. Their products are cheap, and in combination with high performance and service life are popular. It turns out such a situation, who lied more, he sold more. At an equal price, you choose where they promise more.

Table of luminous flux and power.

Philips specification example

Life time

Now a large number of energy-saving lamps are imported from China. They are looking for a factory for the production of light bulbs in China, put their own brand on them and sell them in Russia. To sell, a brand does not need to understand them and have its own laboratory. The Chinese take advantage of this by slipping worse LEDs with worse parameters. Then it turns out that the manufacturer promises some parameters, but in fact the technical characteristics are different.

1. Chinese up to 3,000 - 5,000 hours, although they promise up to 10,000 hours;
2. branded 6.000 – 10.000 h.

The probability of failure fromOsram.

Domestic brands send lighting equipment to me for tests, some Chinese are very deceiving and do not admit to deception. They slip fake test results as proof they can convince the layman. After looking at the test results, it was clear how they were deceiving.

Cheap lamps of little-known domestic brands work much less than branded energy-saving lamps from Osram, Philips and other well-known ones. Cheap ones have lower quality components in the power supply. In addition, it gets very hot, shortening the service life. You probably saw blackened ones, in the part where the power supply is located.

The build quality also affects the service life, Chinese manufacturers save on everything, even where it is impossible to do so. Therefore, instead of the promised 15,000 hours, the cheap one works 5,000 hours, that is, the characteristics are overestimated. Branded Philips and Osrams are guaranteed to work for a specified period of time; abroad, the requirements for light bulbs are more stringent.

Philips has models with up to 10 thousand hours of operation, but their stage is correspondingly much higher. Indirectly, it can be determined by the warranty period. If the warranty is 1 year, then do not expect a long period of work. A guarantee of 3-5 years is given only for high-quality

Why blinking or blinking

Many of you ask why does an energy saving light bulb blink when the switch is turned off or when the light is off? You most likely have a backlit switch. A small current passes through the backlight, which charges the energy-saving power supply. As soon as there is enough energy in the power supply, it flashes. Then the process is repeated.

So that it does not blink or blink, you will need to remove the backlight in the switch, this is the easiest and best way. There are other options for installing a small load in parallel so that the current goes to it. Most LEDs have the same problem and are also solved.

Which light bulbs are better LED or energy saving

In terms of efficiency, LED and energy-saving devices differ by an average of 2 times. To get an analogue of incandescence at 100W at 1300 lumens, you will need:

1. diode for 15W;
2. energy saving at 25W - 30W.

The luminous flux depends on the quality of the components used and on the amount of phosphor deposited on the walls of the spiral inside. The manufacturer likes to indicate the service life of LEDs as the life of the light bulb, in fact, these are completely different values. therefore it is difficult to compare different types of light sources.

Circuit and power supply

The energy saving scheme is the same as that of a conventional 36W Armstrong fluorescent tube. It is powered by a starter that starts the light with high voltage. The power supply is a conventional starter, such as an electronic ballast (electronic ballast).

Requires a little modification to make. At the output, a transformer with a stabilizer is connected. The most difficult thing is to find or select a suitable transformer. If it does not fit, then burn the entire structure. It will still take time to adjust. If you do not have good amateur radio experience, then there is not much chance to assemble it correctly.

Often such power supplies are of low reliability, because they are exposed to a lot of heat that even the plastic turns black. Many people still have outdated equipment, such as VCRs, so it’s easier to take a ready-made unit from household appliances, from faulty or outdated ones.

Even with my experience, I am periodically exposed to high voltage from 220V that even screwdrivers melt. The sensations are not the most pleasant, so it is better not to climb into high-voltage blocks on your own. Even a non-discharged capacitor can treat you well.