What can be done from the Zord Stabilizer Transformer. Voltage stabilizer circuit

On the farm, many still have old Soviet devices, including voltage stabilizers Ukraine-2 SN-315. They still work, although many of these stabilizers are already under 40 years old ... Soviet quality, which is so undeservedly poured with mud.

So, my copy of the Ukraine-2 SN-315 voltage stabilizer was manufactured at the Zaporizhtransformator production association named after. IN AND. Lenin in 1982. Condition - fully working.

Externally: a large heavy box - dimensions 195x300x100 mm. Weight 4 kg 800 grams. Housing made of strong plastic. At the top, there is a decorative ventilation grille. Below are four legs and also rows of ventilation. From one end there is an insert, on which the following: model name: Ukraine-2 voltage stabilizer CH-315. Power 315 VA. GOST 14696-78. Year of manufacture - 1982. Price 35 rubles. Manufacturer's logo. USSR Quality Mark. The input for connecting to the electrical network - just goes inside the wire. Socket for connecting a powered device - output.

There is no power button on the stabilizer, but there are models of stabilizers with exactly the same name, but somewhat different - with a power button on the top cover, and with some internal differences ... photos of such stabilizers at the end of the article.

We proceed to dismantle the stabilizer Ukraine-2 CH-315. To do this, unscrew the four screws on the bottom and remove it. We see a bed or chassis made of thick stamped steel. In the cutouts we see a transformer and chokes.

+ Click on photo to enlarge!

Let's take it all out. We turn over and see one large toroidal autotransformer, and two others - a linear input choke and a filter choke. One large non-polar capacitor. A plastic block that serves as a retainer for the input electrical wire, output socket, fuse holder and operation indicator lamps (I don’t have it in the photo).

All windings in the transformer and chokes are made with varnished aluminum wire. The toroidal transformer is bolted to the frame through two protective plastic inserts. Chokes are drawn to the frame with steel clamps. Under the clamps and between the bed and the iron of the throttles there are thick rubber gaskets. Iron and windings are impregnated with varnish.

Capacitor K42-19 is cylindrical in shape, aluminum case, has dimensions: height 112 mm, diameter 45 mm. Capacitance 16 μF ± 10%, 250V, manufactured in September 1982 at the Novosibirsk plant "Kondensator". It is also drawn to the bed with a clamp. The capacitor is of high quality, unlike electrolytic ones, it does not dry out - it is filled with oil or technical petroleum jelly inside, it does not require replacement during repair or modernization (unless, of course, there is a breakdown).

Brief characteristics of Ukraine-2 CH-315:

Operating principle - ferroresonant

Rated power 315 VA

Rated input and output voltage 220 V

The output voltage of the stabilizer is maintained within:

Not less than 198 V when the input voltage drops to 154 V, frequency to 49.5 Hz and rated load of 284 W.

No more than 231 V with an increase in input voltage for 253 V, frequency up to 50.5 Hz and a minimum load of 142 W.

In this case, the value of the corrected sound power level does not exceed 40 dBA, and the coefficient of non-linear distortion of the output voltage does not exceed 12%.

Voltage stabilizer Ukraine-2 SN-315 is designed to power color and black-and-white TVs that consume power from 142 to 284 watts. The manufacturer gave a guarantee for the stabilizer in 3 years.

As already mentioned, the Ukraine-2 CH-315 stabilizer underwent changes, for example, the presence or absence of a button or on / off key, capacitors of a different type were often placed inside ... In addition, exactly the same voltage stabilizer was produced at other factories in the USSR, with other names and some differences in design ... The weight also changed - from 4.5 to 5.5 kilograms ... The price was always the same - 35 rubles.

So you can get rid of the hum of the voltage stabilizer ...

It proved to be excellent, it was used not only for TVs, but also for some other household appliances. Incl. and in our time it is used in places where there are problems with subsidence in the electrical network. Its only drawback, cut off a long time ago - it is buzzing. And sometimes in some instances this rumble becomes very uncomfortable. The solution was also found a long time ago: wooden wedges were carefully hammered between the windings of the inductor, I once used a wooden clothespin ... Many tried to fill the windings with varnish or even epoxy, but here it is - how lucky ...

Schematic diagram of voltage stabilizer Ukraine-2 SN-315

The electrical network in many of our homes cannot boast of high quality, this is especially true for rural areas, which are far from the city. Therefore, voltage fluctuations often occur. Local manufacturers of electrical appliances take this circumstance into account and provide for a margin of safety. But many people mainly use foreign technology, for which such jumps are fatal. In this connection, it is necessary to use special devices. And it is not necessary to buy them in stores, you can make a 220V voltage regulator with your own hands according to the scheme. This task is not entirely difficult if you do everything according to the instructions.

Just before assembly, you need to familiarize yourself with the existing types of such devices and find out what their principle of operation is.

Necessary measure

Ideally, the power grid can operate efficiently with minor voltage drops - no more than 10%, both higher and lower than the nominal value of 220V. However, as real operating conditions show, these changes are sometimes quite significant. And this already threatens to fail the connected devices.

And to avoid such troubles, a device such as a voltage stabilizer has been created. And if the current goes beyond the permissible value, the device will automatically de-energize the connected electrical appliances.

What else can cause the need for such a device and why do some people think about making a home-made voltage regulator 220V according to the scheme? The presence of such an assistant is justified due to the following features:

Household appliances are guaranteed to work for a long time.
Mains voltage monitoring.
The specified voltage level is maintained automatically.
Current surges do not affect electrical appliances.

If such electrical "anomalies" happen often in your place of residence, you should think about purchasing a good stabilizer. As a last resort, assemble it yourself.

Varieties of stabilizers

The main component of any such protective electrical device is its adjustable type autotransformer. Currently, many manufacturers produce several types of devices that have their own voltage stabilization technology. These include two main 220V voltage stabilizer circuits for the home:

Electromechanical.
Electronic.

There are also ferroresonant analogues, which are practically not used in everyday life, but they will be discussed a little later. Now it is worth moving on to the description of existing models.

Electromechanical (servo) devices

The mains voltage is adjusted by means of a slider that moves along the winding. At the same time, a different number of turns is involved. We all studied at school, and some may have dealt with a rheostat in physics lessons.

Voltage works on the same principle. Only the movement of the slider is not carried out manually, but with the help of an electric motor called a servo drive. Knowing the device of these devices is simply necessary if you want to make a 220V voltage regulator with your own hands according to the scheme.

Electromechanical devices are highly reliable and provide smooth voltage regulation. Characteristic advantages:

Stabilizers work under any load.
The resource is significantly greater than that of other analogues.
Affordable cost (half lower than electronic devices)

Unfortunately, with all the advantages, there are also disadvantages:

Due to the mechanical device, the response delay is very noticeable.
Such devices use carbon contacts, which are subject to natural wear over time.
The presence of noise during operation, although it is almost inaudible.
Small operating range 140-260 V.

It is worth noting that, unlike the 220V inverter voltage stabilizer (you can make it yourself according to the scheme, despite the apparent difficulties), there is still a transformer here. As for the principle of operation, the voltage analysis is carried out by the electronic control unit. If he notices significant deviations from the nominal value, he sends a command to move the slider.

The current is regulated by connecting more turns of the transformer. In the event that the device does not have time to respond to excessive overvoltage in a timely manner, a relay is provided in the stabilizer device.

Electronic Stabilizers

The principle of operation of electronic devices is arranged a little differently. There are several schemes here:

thyristor or seven-story;
relay;
inverter.

Such devices operate silently, with the exception of relay stabilizers. They switch modes by using power relays, which are controlled by an electronic control unit. Since they mechanically disconnect the contacts, noise is heard from time to time during the operation of such devices. For some, this can be a serious disadvantage.

Therefore, the best choice would be to purchase or manufacture a 220V inverter voltage regulator with your own hands, the circuit of which is easy to find.

Other electronic counterparts have special thyristors and sevenstors keys and therefore they operate in silent mode. It also allows the stabilizers to work almost instantly. Other advantages include:

lack of heating;
the operating range is 85-305 V (for relay devices it is 100-280 V);
compact dimensions;
low cost (again applicable to relay stabilizers).

A common drawback of electronic devices is the stepwise voltage regulation scheme. In addition, thyristor devices have the highest cost, but at the same time, they have a very long service life.

inverter technology

A distinctive feature of such devices is the absence of a transformer in the design of the device. However, voltage regulation is carried out electronically, and therefore it belongs to the previous type, but is, as it were, a separate class.

If there is a desire to make a home-made voltage stabilizer 220V, the circuit of which is not difficult to get, then it is better to choose inverter technology. After all, the very principle of work is interesting here. Inverter stabilizers are equipped with double filters, which minimizes voltage deviations from the nominal value within 0.5%. The current entering the device is converted into a constant voltage, passes through the entire device, and before exiting again takes its previous form.

Ferro-resonant analogues

The principle of operation of ferroresonant stabilizers is based on the effect of magnetic resonance that occurs in that system with chokes and capacitors. In operation, they are a bit similar to electromechanical devices, only instead of a slider, there is a ferromagnetic core that moves relative to the coils.

Such a system is highly reliable, but it is large and makes a lot of noise during operation. There is also a serious drawback - such devices function only under load.

If earlier such a circuit of a 220V network voltage stabilizer was popular, now it is better to refuse it. In addition, sinusoidal distortion is not excluded here. For this reason, this option is not suitable for modern household electrical appliances. But if the farm has powerful electric motors, hand tools, welding machines, then such stabilizers are still applicable.

Ferro-resonant stabilizers were widely used in everyday life 20 or 30 years ago. At that time, old televisions were fed through them, since they had a special design that did not allow safe use of the electrical grid directly. There are modern models of these stabilizers, which are devoid of many disadvantages, but they are very expensive.

Homemade apparatus

And what kind of do-it-yourself 220V voltage stabilizer circuit can be implemented? The simplest version of the stabilizer consists of a minimum number of components:

transformer;
capacitor;
diodes;
resistor;
wires (for connecting microcircuits).

Using the simplest skills, assembling the device is not as difficult as it might seem. But with an old welding machine, everything is simplified, since it is almost already assembled. However, the problem is that not every person has such a welding machine, and therefore it is better to find another way for a home-made device.

For this reason, consider how you can make some analogue of the triac stabilizer. This device will be designed for an input operating range of 130-270 V, and the output will be supplied from 205 to 230 V. A large difference in the input current is rather a plus, but for the output it is already a minus. But for many household appliances, this difference is acceptable.

As for power, the 220V circuit, made by hand, allows the connection of electrical appliances up to 6 kW. Load switching is performed within 10 milliseconds.

Advantages of a homemade device

A self-made stabilizer has its pros and cons, which you should definitely be aware of. Main advantages:

low cost;
maintainability;
self-diagnosis.

The most obvious advantage is the low cost. All parts will need to be purchased separately, but this is still incomparable with ready-made stabilizers.

In the event of failure of any element of the purchased voltage stabilizer, it is unlikely that it can be replaced by yourself. In this case, it remains only to call the master at home or take him to a service center. Even if you have some knowledge in the field of electrical engineering, finding the right part is not so easy. It is a completely different matter if the device was made by hand. All the details are already familiar and to buy a new one, just visit the store.

If someone has already assembled a 220V 10kW voltage regulator circuit with their own hands, it means that the person is already versed in many subtleties. This means that it will not be difficult to identify a malfunction.

Disadvantages to Consider

Now let's touch on some of the cons. Whoever and no matter how he praises himself, he will not be able to compete with real professionals in the electrical part. For this simple reason, the reliability of a homemade stabilizer will be inferior to branded counterparts. This is due to the fact that high-precision instrumentation is used in production, which ordinary consumers do not have.

Another point is a wider operating voltage range. If for a store version it ranges from 215 to 220V, then for a device created at home, this parameter will be exceeded by 2 or even 5 times. And this is already critical for a large number of modern household appliances.

Accessories

To assemble an electronic voltage stabilizer 220V according to the scheme with your own hands, you cannot do without such components:

power supply;
rectifier;
comparator;
controller
amplifiers;
LEDs;
delay node;
autotransformer;
optocoupler keys;
safety switch.

You will also need a soldering iron and tweezers.

Features of home production

All elements will be placed on a printed circuit board measuring 115x90 mm. Why you can take foil fiberglass. The layout of all working components can be printed on a laser printer, and then transferred using an iron. The example is below.

Now you can proceed to the manufacture of transformers. And everything is not so simple here. In total, you need to make two elements. For the first one you need to take:

magnetic circuit with a cross-sectional area of 187 mm 2;
PEV-2 wires in the amount of three pieces.

Moreover, one of the wires should be 0.064 mm thick, and the other - 0.185 mm. To begin with, a primary winding is created with the number of turns - 8669. The subsequent windings have smaller turns - 522.

The electrical circuit of the 220V voltage stabilizer provides for the presence of two transformers. Therefore, after assembling the first element, it is worth moving on to the manufacture of the second. And for this you already need a toroidal magnetic circuit. The winding here is also made from the PEV-2 wire, except that the number of turns will be 455. In addition, seven taps should come from the second transformer. For the first three you need a wire with a diameter of 3 mm, and the remaining 4 will be from tires with a cross section of 18 mm². Thanks to this, the transformer will not heat up during the use of the stabilizer.

The task can be greatly simplified if we take two ready-made TPK-2-2 12V elements and connect them in series. All other necessary parts must be purchased at the store.

assembly process

The assembly of the stabilizer begins with the installation of the microcircuit on the heat sink. This may be an aluminum plate with an area of at least 15 cm 2, on which triacs should also be placed. For the effective operation of the stabilizer, you cannot do without a microcontroller, for which you can use the KR1554LP5 chip.

Of course, this is not a 220V circuit, but such a device is quite enough for domestic needs. At the next stage, you need to arrange the LEDs, and you need to take flashing ones. However, you can use others, for example, AL307KM or L1543SRC-E, which have a bright red glow. If for some reason it is not possible to arrange them as required by the scheme, you can place them in any convenient place.

If someone was fond of similar assemblies before, then it will not be difficult to assemble your own stabilizer. This is not only an enrichment of experience, but also a significant savings, since several thousand rubles will remain untouched.

It is necessary to correctly implement the connection scheme. And there are two ways:

After the meter - suitable when you need to protect the entire electrical network of an apartment or house. An automatic machine is placed directly on the output from the electric meter, and the voltage regulator is connected to its output. If necessary, you can also connect a circuit breaker to the stabilizer itself.
Connecting to a socket - in this case, only those devices that are connected to the regulator will be protected.

During operation, the device will heat up, and a cramped space will not provide proper cooling. As a result, the stabilizer will quickly fail. The best option in this case is an open area.

If this is not possible for various reasons, a niche can be built specifically for the device. In this case, it is necessary to maintain at least 10 cm from the surface of the niche to the walls of the stabilizer. After assembling the device, it is worth checking it and paying attention to the presence of any extraneous noise.

After you have successfully created 220V with your own hands, you should not think that this is where it all ends. It is necessary to carry out preventive work every year, which is associated with the inspection of the stabilizer and the tightening of the contacts, if necessary. This is the only way to be sure that a home-made “product” will work as efficiently as its production counterparts.

As a conclusion

Without a doubt, the independent manufacture of a stabilizer requires certain knowledge and skills. You also need to understand exactly how such devices work, and know some of the nuances. In addition, you will need to purchase all the necessary components and perform the correct installation.

Perhaps all the work for someone will seem difficult. Therefore, if there is no self-confidence, then it is better to go to the store not for details, but for the device itself. In addition, all models have a certain warranty period.

Of the old long-ended lamp TVs such as Record, Horizon, Temp, Electron, Photon, Rainbow, Rubin, Seagull and the like, or rather their power transformers, you can make a sufficiently powerful (2-3 kW) mains voltage stabilizer. To do this, the transformers must be connected in a special way.

To begin with, in old-style tube TVs, we remove power transformers of the TS-180 type. TS-200, TS-270, TS-310. (these figures indicate the power of the transformer in watts). To do this, you need to solder or bite off the wires suitable for the transformer.

Next, we connect the primary windings to the filament windings in series so that the filament windings are connected in the opposite direction relative to the mains winding. To do this, we connect the beginning with the end. See the diagram below for an example for the TS-200:

Schematic diagram of a transformer stabilizer for 2 kW

On the side of the transformers, all the designations of the windings are written, all their conclusions are marked. The dash at the top of the number means the beginning of the winding.

Table for marking the conclusions of power television transformers.

Connected transformers should be enclosed in an insulated (wooden or plywood) box, and the outputs of already connected transformers should be connected to external terminals. The load is connected in series with the stabilizer.

In a similar way, you can change the power of the stabilizer - by increasing or decreasing the number of power transformers.

Makedonov A.

P.S. This method will be effective if the load matches the power of the transformers. If the load is small, then we select the appropriate number and power of transformers.

P O P U L I R N O E:

This oscillator for low distortion audio devices generates frequencies from 1 Hz to over 65 kHz.

It can generate four different signals and the output level is adjustable from a few millivolts to 5 volts.

The generator is assembled on an inexpensive ATtiny2313 microprocessor and a 4015 CMOS chip.

Many people have a lot of soft and other toys in the house. Some make sounds, others move, and some just sit, don’t bark, don’t meow, and even more so don’t walk or wink 🙂 These are our younger friends and we’ll talk about how you can at least a little bit ... “revive” our favorite toy.

Recently, I had to independently build a charger for a car battery with a current of 3 - 4 amperes. Of course, there was no desire to be wiser, there was no time, and first of all I remembered the circuit of the charging current stabilizer. According to this scheme, it is very simple and reliable to make a charger.

Here is the schematic for the charger:

An old microcircuit was installed (K553UD2), although it was old, there was simply no time to try out new ones, and besides, it was at hand. The shunt from the old tester fit perfectly in place of the resistor R3. The resistor can, of course, be made from nichrome yourself, but at the same time, the cross section must be sufficient to withstand the current through itself and not heat up to the limit.

We install the shunt parallel to the ammeter, we select it taking into account the dimensions of the measuring head. Actually, we install it on the head terminal itself.

This is how the charger circuit board looks like:

Any transformer from 85 watts and above can be used. The secondary winding should be 15 volts, and the wire cross section should start from 1.8 mm (copper diameter). 26MV120A came up to the place of the rectifier bridge. It may be too big for this type of construction, but it is very easy to install it, screw it on and put on the terminals. You can install any diode bridge. For him, the main task is to withstand the appropriate current.

The case can be made from anything, the case from the old radio tape recorder fit me well. I drilled holes in the top cover for good airflow. Instead of the front panel, a textolite sheet was installed. The shunt, the one on the ammeter, must be adjusted based on the readings of the test ammeter.

We attach a transistor to the back wall of the radiator.

Well, we have assembled a current stabilizer, now we need to check it by shorting (+) and (-) to each other. The regulator should provide smooth adjustment over the entire range of charging current. If necessary, you can use the selection of the resistor R1.

It is important to remember that all the voltage goes to the control transistor and it gets very hot! Once checked, open the jumper!

Everything is ready and you can now use such a charger, which will stably maintain current throughout the entire charging range. It is necessary to monitor the voltage reading on the battery using a voltmeter, since such a charger does not have an automatic shutdown after charging is completed.

Content:

In electrical circuits, there is a constant need to stabilize certain parameters. For this purpose, special control and monitoring schemes are used. The accuracy of stabilizing actions depends on the so-called standard, with which a specific parameter, for example, voltage, is compared. That is, when the parameter value is below the reference, the voltage regulator circuit will turn on the control and give a command to increase it. If necessary, the opposite action is performed - to decrease.

This principle of operation underlies the automatic control of all known devices and systems. Voltage stabilizers operate in the same way, despite the variety of circuits and elements used to create them.

Do-it-yourself voltage stabilizer circuit 220v

With the ideal operation of electrical networks, the voltage value should change by no more than 10% of the nominal value in the direction of increase or decrease. However, in practice, voltage drops reach much higher values, which has an extremely negative effect on electrical equipment, up to its failure.

Special stabilizing equipment will help protect against such troubles. However, due to the high cost, its use in domestic conditions in many cases is not economically viable. The best way out is a home-made voltage regulator 220v, the circuit of which is quite simple and inexpensive.

You can take an industrial design as a basis to find out what parts it consists of. Each stabilizer includes a transformer, resistors, capacitors, connecting and connecting cables. The simplest is the AC voltage regulator, the circuit of which operates on the principle of a rheostat, increasing or decreasing the resistance in accordance with the current strength. In modern models, there are additionally many other functions that protect household appliances from power surges.

Among home-made designs, triac devices are considered the most effective, therefore, this particular model will be considered as an example. Current equalization by this device will be possible with an input voltage in the range of 130-270 volts. Before starting the assembly, you must purchase a certain set of elements and components. It consists of a power supply, a rectifier, a controller, a comparator, amplifiers, LEDs, an autotransformer, a load turn-on delay unit, optocouplers, and a fuse switch. The main working tools are tweezers and a soldering iron.

To assemble a stabilizer for 220 volts first of all, you will need a printed circuit board measuring 11.5x9.0 cm, which must be prepared in advance. As a material, it is recommended to use foil fiberglass. The layout of parts is printed on a printer and transferred to the board using an iron.

Transformers for the circuit can be taken ready-made or assembled independently. Finished transformers must be of the TPK-2-2 12V brand and connected in series with each other. To create the first transformer with your own hands, you will need a magnetic core with a cross section of 1.87 cm2 and 3 PEV-2 cables. The first cable is used in one winding. Its diameter will be 0.064 mm, and the number of turns - 8669. The remaining wires are used in other windings. Their diameter will be already 0.185 mm, and the number of turns will be 522.

The second transformer is made on the basis of a toroidal magnetic circuit. Its winding is made from the same wire as in the first case, but the number of turns will be different and will be 455. In the second device, taps are made in the amount of seven. The first three are made from a wire with a diameter of 3 mm, and the rest from tires with a cross section of 18 mm2. This prevents the transformer from heating up during operation.

All other components are recommended to be purchased ready-made, in specialized stores. The basis of the assembly is a circuit diagram of a voltage stabilizer, factory-made. First, a microcircuit is installed that acts as a controller for the heat sink. For its manufacture, an aluminum plate with an area of \u200b\u200bmore than 15 cm2 is used. Triacs are mounted on the same board. The heat sink intended for mounting must be with a cooling surface. After that, LEDs are installed here in accordance with the diagram or from the printed conductors. A structure assembled in this way cannot be compared with factory models either in terms of reliability or quality of work. Such stabilizers are used with household appliances that do not require accurate current and voltage parameters.

Transistor voltage regulator circuits

High-quality transformers used in an electrical circuit effectively cope with even large interference. They reliably protect household appliances and equipment installed in the house. A customized filtering system allows you to deal with any power surges. By controlling the voltage, changes in the magnitude of the current occur. The limit frequency at the input increases, and at the output it decreases. Thus, the current in the circuit is converted in two stages.

At the beginning, a transistor with a filter is used at the input. Next comes the inclusion in the work. To complete the current conversion in the circuit, an amplifier is used, most often installed between resistors. Due to this, the required temperature level is maintained in the device.

The rectification circuit operates as follows. Rectification of alternating voltage from the secondary winding of the transformer occurs using a diode bridge (VD1-VD4). Voltage smoothing is performed by capacitor C1, after which it enters the compensation stabilizer system. The action of the resistor R1 sets the stabilizing current on the zener diode VD5. Resistor R2 is a load resistor. With the participation of capacitors C2 and C3, the supply voltage is filtered.

The value of the output voltage of the stabilizer will depend on the elements VD5 and R1 for the selection of which there is a special table. VT1 is mounted on a radiator, which must have a cooling surface area of at least 50 cm2. The domestic transistor KT829A can be replaced by a foreign analogue BDX53 from Motorola. The remaining elements are marked: capacitors - K50-35, resistors - MLT-0.5.

Scheme of a linear voltage regulator 12v

Linear stabilizers use KREN microcircuits, as well as LM7805, LM1117 and LM350. It should be noted that the KREN symbolism is not an abbreviation. This is an abbreviation for the full name of the stabilizer chip, referred to as KR142EN5A. Other microcircuits of this type are designated in the same way. After the reduction, this name looks different - KREN142.

Linear regulators or DC voltage regulators of the circuit are most widely used. Their only drawback is the inability to work at a voltage that will be lower than the declared output voltage.

For example, if you want to get a voltage of 5 volts at the output of the LM7805, then the input voltage must be at least 6.5 volts. When less than 6.5V is applied to the input, the so-called voltage drop will occur, and the declared 5 volts will no longer be at the output. In addition, linear regulators get very hot under load. This property underlies the principle of their work. That is, the voltage, above the stabilized one, is converted into heat. For example, when a voltage of 12V is applied to the input of the LM7805 microcircuit, then in this case 7 of them will go to heat the case, and only the necessary 5V will go to the consumer. In the process of transformation, such a strong heating occurs that this microcircuit will simply burn out in the absence of a cooling radiator.

Adjustable voltage regulator circuit

Often there are situations when the voltage output by the stabilizer needs to be adjusted. The figure shows a simple circuit of an adjustable voltage and current stabilizer, which allows not only to stabilize, but also to regulate the voltage. It can be easily assembled even with only basic knowledge of electronics. For example, the input voltage is 50V, and the output is any value within 27 volts.

The field effect transistor IRLZ24/32/44 and other similar models are used as the main part of the stabilizer. These transistors are equipped with three terminals - drain, source and gate. The structure of each of them consists of a dielectric metal (silicon dioxide) - a semiconductor. The TL431 stabilizer microcircuit is located in the case, with the help of which the output voltage is adjusted. The transistor itself can remain on the radiator and be connected to the board with conductors.

This circuit can operate with an input voltage in the range of 6 to 50V. The output voltage is obtained in the range from 3 to 27V and can be adjusted using a trimmer resistor. Depending on the design of the radiator, the output current reaches 10A. The capacitance of the smoothing capacitors C1 and C2 is 10-22 microfarads, and C3 is 4.7 microfarads. The circuit will be able to work without them, but the quality of stabilization will be reduced. The electrolytic capacitors at the input and output are rated at approximately 50V. The power dissipated by such a stabilizer does not exceed 50 watts.

Scheme of a triac voltage stabilizer 220v

Triac stabilizers work by analogy with relay devices. A significant difference is the presence of a node that switches the windings of the transformer. Instead of relays, powerful triacs are used, controlled by controllers.

Winding control using triacs is non-contact, so there are no characteristic clicks when switching. Copper wire is used to wind the autotransformer. Triac stabilizers can operate at low voltage from 90 volts and high - up to 300 volts. Voltage adjustment is carried out with an accuracy of 2%, which is why the lamps do not blink at all. However, during switching, an EMF of self-induction occurs, as in relay devices.

Triac switches are highly sensitive to overloads, and therefore they must have a power reserve. This type of stabilizer has a very difficult temperature regime. Therefore, the installation of triacs is carried out on radiators with forced fan cooling. Do-it-yourself thyristor voltage stabilizer circuit 220V works in the same way.

There are devices with increased accuracy, operating on a two-stage system. In the first stage, a coarse adjustment of the output voltage is performed, and in the second stage this process is carried out much more precisely. Thus, the control of two stages is carried out using one controller, which in fact means the presence of two stabilizers in a single housing. Both stages have windings wound in a common transformer. With 12 switches, these two stages allow you to adjust the output voltage in 36 levels, which ensures its high accuracy.

Voltage stabilizer with current protection circuit

These devices provide power primarily for low voltage devices. Such a current and voltage stabilizer circuit is distinguished by its simple design, affordable element base, the possibility of smooth adjustments not only of the output voltage, but also of the current at which the protection is triggered.
The basis of the circuit is a parallel stabilizer or an adjustable zener diode, and also with high power. The so-called measuring resistor monitors the current drawn by the load.

Sometimes a short circuit occurs at the output of the stabilizer or the load current exceeds the set value. In this case, the voltage drops across the resistor R2, and the transistor VT2 opens. There is also a simultaneous opening of the transistor VT3, shunting the reference voltage source. As a result, the value of the output voltage is reduced to almost zero level, and the regulating transistor is protected from overcurrent. In order to set the exact threshold for operating the current protection, a tuning resistor R3 is used, which is connected in parallel with the resistor R2. The red color of LED1 indicates the protection operation, and the green LED2 indicates the output voltage.

After a properly assembled circuit of powerful voltage stabilizers, they immediately start working, you just need to set the required output voltage value. After loading the device, the rheostat sets the current at which the protection is triggered. If the protection should operate at a lower current, for this it is necessary to increase the value of the resistor R2. For example, with R2 equal to 0.1 Ohm, the minimum protection current will be about 8A. If, on the contrary, it is necessary to increase the load current, two or more transistors should be connected in parallel, in the emitters of which there are equalizing resistors.

Relay voltage regulator circuit 220

With the help of a relay stabilizer, reliable protection of devices and other electronic devices is provided, for which the standard voltage level is 220V. This voltage stabilizer is 220V, the circuit of which is known to everyone. It is widely popular due to the simplicity of its design.

In order to properly operate this device, it is necessary to study its structure and principle of operation. Each relay stabilizer consists of an automatic transformer and an electronic circuit that controls its operation. In addition, there is a relay placed in a reliable housing. This device belongs to the category of booster, that is, it only adds current in case of low voltage.

The addition of the required number of volts is carried out by connecting the transformer winding. Usually 4 windings are used for operation. In case of too high current in the electrical network, the transformer automatically reduces the voltage to the desired value. The design can be supplemented with other elements, such as a display.

Thus, the relay voltage regulator has a very simple principle of operation. The current is measured by an electronic circuit, then, after receiving the results, it is compared with the output current. The resulting voltage difference is adjusted independently by selecting the required winding. Next, the relay is connected and the voltage reaches the required level.