Leo Tolstoy Nikolaevich genealogical tree. Kind of thick
Quote message 190 years since the birth of one of the greatest writers in the world, Leo Tolstoy
Museum-estate "Yasnaya Polyana"
L. N. Tolstoy. Newsreel of 1910 (compiled from filming in 1908-1910).
Music: P. I. Tchaikovsky - Grand Sonata in G major, Op. 37, 1st part.
Content:
I. TOLSTOY'S LAST VISIT TO MOSCOW. September 1909 ( 00:00) 1. Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy leaves for Moscow from the Chertkov estate ( 00:03)
2. Countess Sofia Andreevna Tolstaya ( 00:17)
3. L. N. Tolstoy, Chertkov and the family of the great writer ( 00:29)
4. Arrival in Moscow ( 01:34)
5. At the station Bryansk ( 01:43)
6. Leo Tolstoy arrives at his house in Khamovniki; this house will be turned into a Tolstoy museum ( 01:51)
7. Leo Nikolayevich's departure to Yasnaya Polyana ( 02:16)
II. Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy in Yasnaya Polyana. 1908-1910 ( 02:49)
8. Family of L. N. Tolstoy ( 02:51)
9. Lev Nikolaevich distributes alms to poor peasants ( 03:02)
10. Tolstoy's ride on horseback, accompanied by Dr. Makovetsky ( 04:05)
11. L. N. for a walk at five o'clock in the morning ( 04:57)
12. Lev Nikolaevich and his wife Countess Sofya Andreevna ( 05:05)
13. Grandchildren of Lev Nikolaevich ( 05:56)
14. Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy at work ( 06:34)
15. Count Tolstoy on the balcony with his family ( 06:47)
16. Sick gr. LN Tolstoy on his balcony on the day of the anniversary. August 28, 1908 ( 07:13)
III. DEATH IN ASTAPOV AND FUNERAL IN Yasnaya Polyana. November 7-9, 1910
17. L. N. Tolstoy on his deathbed ( 07:22)
Interesting Facts:
Behind the epic four-volume book "War and Peace" (which the author himself called "wordy rubbish"), and especially behind its interpretation in the performance of the school curriculum, the true, mystical personality of Leo Tolstoy was lost.
Who was he - a free-thinking philosopher, or did schizophrenia show through his messianic insights? If such a person had lived in Medieval Europe, he would certainly have been burned as a heretic, as Jacques de Molay, Master of the Knights Templar, was burned in 1314.
And Leo Tolstoy was not as far from the Templars as one might think.
Leo Tolstoy - a descendant of the Templar crusader
The family of Leo Tolstoy's mother, M. N. Volkonskaya, descended from Prince Yaroslav the Wise. And the founder of the paternal family was a Knight Templar named Henri de Mons, also called Indris, who fled to Russia in 1352 from the terror unleashed against his associates. After the defeat of the Order and the execution of its Master, some of the knights disappeared in an unknown direction, taking with them part of the order's treasures and the most important documents, which told about the origins of Christianity. The main version - that the fugitives fled to Scotland, remained unconfirmed.
According to the Chernigov Chronicle, the nobleman Indris came to Russia with his two sons Litvonis and Zigmonten, and 3,000 people of the squad came with them. At baptism, Indris was named Leontius, and his sons were named Konstantin and Fedor. Subsequently, the descendants of Leonty entered the service of the Grand Duke of Moscow, Vasily the Dark.
Another famous descendant of Indris is Marshal Tukhachevsky.
Tolstoy - "loser"
Tolstoy received his primary education at home. At first, the German Reselman was his tutor, then the French Saint-Thomas. In 1844, Leo Tolstoy entered the Faculty of Oriental Languages at the Imperial Kazan University in the category of Arabic-Turkish literature. Despite initially excellent results, the student simply did nothing and was left as a freshman for the second year.
Then he transferred to the Faculty of Law, but he studied there for only two years. The young nobleman was disgusted by any information imposed from outside, and he could not study according to the general program, although he always achieved high results with independent study. In 1847, Tolstoy left the university without having passed his degree exams. But the young student began to keep a diary, became interested in this occupation, and subsequently drew many plots for his works from it.
The future writer is the hero of the Sevastopol war
Tolstoy's older brother, Nikolai, served in the army and convinced his brother to also join the army as a cadet. The brothers ended up serving in the Caucasus together and took part in many skirmishes with the highlanders. Lev Nikolaevich deserved the St. George Cross, but generously gave it to a simple soldier, to whom this award gave the right to significant benefits. In November 1854, Lev was transferred to Sevastopol, where he participated in the Crimean War for ten months. He commanded an artillery battery, was present during the assault on Malakhov Kurgan. A young soldier during active battles wrote the biographical work "Boyhood", as well as the trilogy "Sevastopol Tales", where he reflected on the harsh and unexpected ways of war. The books turned out to be successful, and they were willingly taken to print for the Sovremennik magazine, edited by A.N. Nekrasov.
For participation in the defense of Sevastopol, Tolstoy received several awards, including the Order of St. Anne of the 4th degree and the medal "For the Defense of Sevastopol".
"Rebellious" value system
The young writer critically perceived the existing orders of public life. His intellect was above those limits. Tolstoy saw the unfair distribution of wealth and tried to compensate for it.
Already in 1849, Tolstoy opened a school for serfs in Yasnaya Polyana, and Foka Demidovich, a serf, taught there. Often Tolstoy himself held classes there.
Lev Nikolaevich was not spiritually dependent on anyone's approval. He opposed church abuses, and called rituals witchcraft. As a result, he was excommunicated from the Church, and until now his name is subjected to fierce condemnation as a "sinner", "blasphemer", "possessed" and "spiritual suicide". However, in his actions and statements, the Russian writer was a humanist, and it is not for nothing that he is compared with Mahatma Gandhi. Of course, Tolstoy also had delusions, mainly due to a gap in knowledge of history, but this man was in a sincere search for the right path and was always honest with himself and with others.
There is a version that Tolstoy not only demanded religious reforms: he also threatened to create his own religion. He knew well the essence of Freemasonry and various sects, as well as the Talmud and the Koran. This awareness was also the basis for accusations of blasphemy.
In 1889, Tolstoy wrote in his diary: “A new worldview and movement is maturing in the world, and as if participation is required from me - its proclamation. It’s as if I’m purposely made for this by what I am with my reputation—made by a bell.” “During the night I heard a voice demanding the denunciation of the delusions of the world. This night, a voice told me that the time had come to expose the evil of the world ... We must not delay and postpone. There is nothing to be afraid of, nothing to think about, how and what to say.
Tolstoy wrote a letter of appeal to Tsar Nicholas II, where he called him brother. In a letter, he demanded a change in the existing order and warned that otherwise great misfortunes would follow for the country and society. He pointed out that as a result of religious and political persecution, the prisons were overcrowded, the people were starving, and literally all segments of the population were dissatisfied with the government. Prophetically cited the phrase of King Louis XV "After us, at least the deluge." Yes, in France, as a result of his thoughtless rule, a revolution took place, Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette died on the guillotine, rivers of blood were shed.
"Measures of violence can oppress the people, but you cannot control them." The only means ... to give the people the opportunity to express their desires and needs ... to fulfill those of them that will meet the requirements of not one class or estate, but the majority of it.
For all his moral qualities, Nicholas II was too weak-willed and dependent on his environment, and did not follow the advice of the writer, who later turned out to be a visionary.
Grave without a cross
Tolstoy bequeathed to bury him without a funeral service and in a simple grave without a cross: simply "bury the body so that it does not stink." This phrase of the Russian writer echoes a similar statement by the ancient Greek sage Demonakt, who, when asked what orders he would give about his burial, replied: “Do not bother. The scent will take care of my burial."
At the grave of Tolstoy, shortly after his death, an incident occurred that served as an occasion for a new surge of reasoning about his demonic essence. Pupils, followers and admirers of the talent of the great writer constantly came here. To the great annoyance of the orthodox believers, who stated that the grave had acquired all the signs of religious reverence. On August 28, 1911, a group of Tolstoy's students laid flowers on the grave. The ten-year-old son of one of them, Biryukov, bent down to correct them, and suddenly cried out loudly. The father saw with horror that the right hand of the child was entwined with a large viper that had bitten the boy.
This incident was again regarded as a mystical-evil echo of the writer's soul. However, vipers often settle on graves: they are less touched there, and, naturally, they protect their offspring from possible encroachments.
Descendants of the writer
Several talented and outstanding contemporaries are among the writer's descendants. Lives in Russia
Vladimir Ilyich Tolstoy
- Advisor to the President of Russia on cultural issues. It is he who is the organizer of the preservation of the heritage of his ancestor.
Fyokla Tolstaya
is a well-known Russian journalist. Graduated from Moscow State University, speaks five languages.
Pyotr Tolstoy is also a journalist, his father and his family returned to Russia from exile in 1944.
Dmitry Tolstoy lives in Paris and owns a photography studio. He is the author of a series of photographs of the Yasnaya Polyana estate.
In Yasnaya Polyana - the descendants of Tolstoy
The Swedish branch of Tolstoy founded son of Lev Nikolaevich - Lev Lvov h: for health reasons, he was forced to turn to the Swedish doctor Westerlund. And then he fell in love with his daughter Dora and married her.
Their descendants: Andrei Tolstoy, one of the most famous reindeer herders in Scandinavia. Victoria Tolstoy(exactly so, without inclining) - a jazz singer, said: “When I was in Moscow a few years ago, I visited the Tolstoy House-Museum. I remember I saw a portrait of a lady from the Tolstoy family there and was amazed at how similar this young woman from past centuries was to me! Then for the first time I really felt my involvement in the Tolstoy family: how much connects and unites us at the deepest genetic level!
Ilaria Shtiler-Timon lives in Israel and teaches Italian. She is the great-granddaughter of Leo Tolstoy's eldest daughter, Tatyana Sukhotina-Tolstaya.
Rambler reports. Next: https://news.rambler.ru/o ther/38837363/?utm_content=rnews&utm_medium=read_more&utm_source=copylink
The parents of Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy, Count Nikolai Ilyich Tolstoy and Princess Maria Nikolaevna Volkonskaya, were married in 1822. They had four sons and a daughter: Nikolai, Sergey, Dmitry, Lev and Maria. The writer's relatives became the prototypes of many heroes of the novel "War and Peace": father - Nikolai Rostov, mother - Princess Marya Bolkonskaya, paternal grandfather Ilya Andreevich Tolstoy - the old count of Rostov, maternal grandfather Nikolai Sergeevich Volkonsky - the old prince Bolkonsky. L. N. Tolstoy had no cousins, since his parents were the only children in their families.
According to his father, L. N. Tolstoy was related to the artist F. P. Tolstoy, F. I. Tolstoy (“American”), the poets A. K. Tolstoy, F. I. Tyutchev and N. A. Nekrasov, the philosopher P. Y. Chaadaev, Chancellor of the Russian Empire A. M. Gorchakov.
The Tolstoy family was exalted by Peter Andreevich Tolstoy (1645-1729), who received the title of count, an associate of Peter I. From his grandson, Andrei Ivanovich Tolstoy (1721-1803), nicknamed the "Big Nest" for his numerous offspring, many famous Tolstoys went. A. I. Tolstoy was the grandfather of F. I. Tolstoy and F. P. Tolstoy, the great-grandfather of L. N. Tolstoy and A. K. Tolstoy. L. N. Tolstoy and the poet Alexei Konstantinovich Tolstoy were second cousins to each other. The artist Fyodor Petrovich Tolstoy and Fyodor Ivanovich Tolstoy the American were cousins of Leo Nikolayevich. The sister of F. I. Tolstoy-American Maria Ivanovna Tolstaya-Lopukhina (i.e. cousin aunt of L. N. Tolstoy) is known from the “Portrait of M. I. Lopukhina” by the artist V. L. Borovikovsky. The poet Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev was the sixth cousin of Lev Nikolaevich (Tyutchev's mother, Ekaterina Lvovna, was from the Tolstoy family). The sister of Andrei Ivanovich Tolstoy (great-grandfather of L. N. Tolstoy) - Maria - married P. V. Chaadaev. Her grandson, philosopher Pyotr Yakovlevich Chaadaev, therefore, was a second cousin of Lev Nikolaevich.
There is information that the great-great-grandfather (father of the great-grandfather) of the poet Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov was Ivan Petrovich Tolstoy (1685-1728), who was also the great-great-grandfather of Lev Nikolayevich. If this is true, then it turns out that N. A. Nekrasov and L. N. Tolstoy are fourth cousins. The second cousin of Leo Tolstoy was Chancellor of the Russian Empire Alexander Mikhailovich Gorchakov. The writer's paternal grandmother, Pelageya Nikolaevna, was from the Gorchakov family.
The great-grandfather of L. N. Tolstoy, A. I. Tolstoy, had a younger brother Fedor, whose descendant was the writer Alexei Nikolayevich Tolstoy, who depicted his ancestor Pyotr Andreevich Tolstoy in the novel "Peter I". The grandfather of A. N. Tolstoy, Alexander Petrovich Tolstoy, was the fourth cousin of Leo Nikolayevich. Consequently, A. N. Tolstoy, nicknamed the "Red Count", was the fourth cousin great-nephew of Lev Nikolayevich. The granddaughter of A. N. Tolstoy is the writer Tatyana Nikitichna Tolstaya.
On the maternal side, L. N. Tolstoy was related to A. S. Pushkin, with the Decembrists, S. P. Trubetskoy, A. I. Odoevsky.
A. S. Pushkin was the fourth cousin of L. N. Tolstoy. Lev Nikolayevich's mother was the fourth cousin of the poet. Their common ancestor was the admiral, an associate of Peter I, Ivan Mikhailovich Golovin. In 1868, Leo Tolstoy met his fifth cousin, Maria Aleksandrovna Pushkina-Gartung, some of whose features he later gave to the appearance of Anna Karenina. Decembrist, Prince Sergei Grigoryevich Volkonsky was the second cousin of the writer. The great-grandfather of Lev Nikolayevich, Prince Dmitry Yuryevich Trubetskoy, married Princess Varvara Ivanovna Odoevskaya. Their daughter, Ekaterina Dmitrievna Trubetskaya, married Nikolai Sergeevich Volkonsky. D. Yu. Trubetskoy's brother, Field Marshal Nikita Yuryevich Trubetskoy, was the great-grandfather of the Decembrist Sergei Petrovich Trubetskoy, who, therefore, was Lev Nikolaevich's fourth cousin. The brother of V. I. Odoevskaya-Trubetskoy, Alexander Ivanovich Odoevsky, was the grandfather of the Decembrist poet Alexander Ivanovich Odoevsky, who, it turns out, was Leo Tolstoy’s second cousin uncle.
In 1862 Leo Tolstoy married Sofya Andreevna Bers. They had 9 sons and 4 daughters (out of 13 children, 5 died in childhood): Sergey, Tatyana, Ilya, Lev, Maria, Peter, Nikolai, Varvara, Andrei, Mikhail, Alexei, Alexandra, Ivan. The granddaughter of L. N. Tolstoy, Sofya Andreevna Tolstaya, became the last wife of the poet Sergei Alexandrovich Yesenin. The great-great-grandchildren of Leo Nikolayevich (great-grandchildren of his son, Ilya Lvovich) are TV presenters Pyotr Tolstoy and Fyokla Tolstaya.
The wife of L. N. Tolstoy, Sofya Andreevna, was the daughter of the doctor Andrei Evstafievich Bers, who in his youth served with Varvara Petrovna Turgeneva, the mother of the writer Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev. A. E. Bers and V. P. Turgenev had an affair, as a result of which an illegitimate daughter, Varvara, appeared. Thus, S. A. Bers-Tolstoy and I. S. Turgenev had a common kindred sister.
great-great-grandson of Tolstoy, journalist
Although many modern Tolstoys live abroad (they emigrated after the revolution), the descendants of the "block of Russian literature" remained in our country as well. For example, Pyotr Tolstoy, whose father returned from exile in 1944 with his brother. Thanks to his family, Peter knew about his great-great-grandfather from childhood: he repeatedly visited Yasnaya Polyana, got to know family relics closely. This representative of the Tolstoy family is a very famous Russian journalist and TV presenter who has been working on Channel One for many years. Now he hosts the programs "Politics" and "Time will show." About the famous great-great-grandfather in an interview, Peter said this:
Tolstoy remained honest with himself, always remained so, even when he was mistaken
Fekla Tolstaya
great-great-granddaughter of Tolstoy, journalist
Second cousin of Peter Tolstoy and also a very famous Russian journalist. The real name is Anna, but they know her mainly under the name Thekla - a childhood nickname, which later turned into a pseudonym. Tolstaya was born into a family of philologists and followed in the footsteps of her parents: she graduated from the Faculty of Philology of Moscow State University, speaks five languages. However, already in childhood, she was drawn to television: as a schoolgirl, Fekla began acting in minor roles in films, and in 1995 she entered GITIS at the directing department. Behind Fekla's back are many projects on radio and television, including author's programs about his own family tree "Tolstoy", as well as "War and Peace": Reading a novel. In a conversation with MK Bulvar, the journalist happily spoke about the advantages of her huge family, whose members are scattered all over the world:
If you have relatives in another country, you understand it completely differently. I can explore, for example, Rome with my beautiful niece, who, like a Roman, shows me places that I have loved since childhood - and this is an incomparable feeling. The same can be said about my relatives in Paris or New York. I get into the family, talk to their friends
Andrey Tolstoy
great-great-grandson of Tolstoy, reindeer breeder
Another descendant representing the Swedish branch of the family, Andrey Tolstoy, is a simple farmer who has been breeding deer for many years. He achieved great success: Andrei is one of the most famous reindeer herders in Scandinavia. He admitted that he could not read "War and Peace" at school. However, then he still mastered the four-volume book. A few years ago, Andrei visited Russia for the first time.
Vladimir Tolstoy
great-great-grandson of Tolstoy, adviser to the President of Russia
Vladimir Ilyich is a man without whom there would be no meetings of Tolstoy's descendants (which are held regularly today), and the fate of Leo Tolstoy's estate Yasnaya Polyana would remain in jeopardy. In the early 90s, they wanted to take away the estate's lands for new buildings, cut down the forests ... But in 1992, Vladimir Ilyich published a large amount of material about all the troubles in Komsomolskaya Pravda. Soon he was appointed director of the museum-reserve. Now Tolstoy is an adviser to the President of the Russian Federation, and his wife Ekaterina Tolstaya is in charge of the museum. Vladimir confessed to the Tula newspaper Molodoy Kommunar, speaking of his relatives:
Each of us has his own personality, each of us has his own view of the world. And everyone is talented in their own way. Fat people can do everything: they take pictures, draw, write. And at the same time they are embarrassed by their talents: modesty is another family quality ...
Victoria Tolstoy
great-great-granddaughter of Tolstoy, jazz singer
Yes, yes, she is Tolstoy, not Tolstaya: the Swede Victoria decided not to incline her last name, but to make it more “authentic”. How did the Swedish line of the Tolstoy family appear? The son of Lev Nikolaevich - Lev Lvovich, was forced for health reasons to turn to the Swedish doctor Westerlund. And then he fell in love with his daughter Dora ... The modern representative of this family branch, singer Victoria, is better known in her homeland under the pseudonym "Lady Jazz". By her own admission, Victoria does not know the Russian language and has not read the novels of Lev Nikolayevich, however, in her work she often turns to classical Russian composers. At the moment, the blonde has already 8 albums on her account, one of which is called My Russian Soul (“My Russian Soul”). Victoria told JazzQuard:
When I was in Moscow a few years ago, I visited the Tolstoy House Museum. I remember I saw a portrait of a lady from the Tolstoy family there and was amazed at how similar this young woman from past centuries was to me! Then for the first time I really felt my involvement in the Tolstoy family: how much connects and unites us at the deepest genetic level!
Ilaria Stieler-Timor
great-great-granddaughter of Tolstoy, teacher of Italian
Count Fyodor Petrovich Tolstoy(1783-1873) - one of the brightest figures in the history of art and social activity in Russia in the 19th century. He possessed a multifaceted range of interests and talents: he was an excellent sculptor and graphic artist, a medalist and a unique master of silhouettes; he tried himself in painting and in the creation of theatrical costumes, in the manufacture of furniture and writing. Fyodor Tolstoy lived an unusually interesting and harmonious life of 90 years. And there was an amazing story in his life connected with the red and white currant-nurse.
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Giving up his military career in order to devote himself to art, Fyodor Tolstoy was well aware that he would be excommunicated from the house of noble parents, losing the favor of relatives, influential friends and acquaintances, and in a word, poverty and deprivation. However, this did not cool or stop the count.
Fyodor Petrovich, in addition to the medal art, skillfully and scrupulously painted still lifes, which were distinguished by their amazing composition, volume, grace, subtlety of lines and transitional shades.
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And I must say that Elizaveta Alekseevna was unusually beautiful, smart and refined. And when she wanted to surprise her highest relatives abroad with something new and elegant, each time she ordered Fyodor Tolstoy more and more currants for a gift, and for each of which he received a ring. And this was repeated more than once, not twice, but so many that the artist lost count of how many "currants" he painted for Elizaveta Alekseevna and how many rings he received from her.
And every time, recalling the beginning of his artistic career, the artist used to say: “It was hard for me, but then my currant helped me out! If it weren’t for her, I don’t know how I would have got out ... It can be said without joking that the whole family ate one currant.”
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The contribution of Count Tolstoy to the technique of cutting out silhouettes is invaluable. Since in the 18th century only portraits were made in this technique, the master was the first to turn to carving multi-figure compositions on historical, military, and everyday themes. With jewelry precision, he created many works that delight with their sophistication and realism.
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"The Life of Tolstoy" - M. Gorky. Without knowing Tolstoy, one cannot consider oneself a cultured person ”M. Gorky. 1828-1849 Stages of life and ideological and creative development of Tolstoy: Tolstoy is a man, a thinker, a writer. “Of course, the verbal image, the literary portrait is the fundamental basis of our ideas about the writer. Leo Nikolaevich Tolstoy.
"Family of Tolstoy" - Whom to cling to? What will the family mean in the life of Natasha - mother? Quiet family life…with the ability to do good to people.” (L.N. Tolstoy). What is love? Individual task: The theme of the family in Leo Tolstoy's novel "Anna Karenina". L. N. Tolstoy. In what atmosphere did Nikolenka live? What do we learn about the father from the chapter "Daddy"?
"L. Tolstoy" - Classes were held from 8 to 12 o'clock and from 15 to 18 o'clock. Yasnaya Polyana. Maria Nikolaevna Volkonskaya. Hero of Russia Gorshkov D.E. Maria. The complete collection of the writer's works consists of 90 volumes. There were always many guests in Yasnaya Polyana: I.E. Repin, A.P. Chekhov, A.M. Gorky. Tolstoy family tree. Nikolay. Yasnaya Polyana evening.
“Sevastopol stories” - Completed by: 11th grade student of the Nachalovskaya secondary school Zhuravleva Olga. The image of a Russian officer. A novel about the feat of the protagonist, who was only 18 years old. 2. The feat of a man in the war in B. Vasiliev's novel "He was not on the lists." In fiction of the XIX - XX centuries. The feat of all those who fought and defeated fascism is immortal.
"Yasnaya Polyana Tolstoy" - Completed by: Salikhov A.N., student of grade 9B. On October 28, 1910 Tolstoy died and was buried in Yasnaya Polyana. Lev Tolstoy. Therefore, the business of man is not to try to shine, but to try to purify himself.” Tolstoy's works appeared on the pages of the literary and political journal Sovremennik. Wrote "Sevastopol stories".
