The image of Matrena Timofeevna in the poem “Who in Russia should live well. The Image and Characteristics of Matryona Korchagina in the Poem Who Lives Well in Russia Citation Image of Matryona Timofeevna

He did not carry a heart in his chest,
Who did not shed tears over you.

In the work of N.A. Nekrasov, many works are devoted to a simple Russian woman. The fate of a Russian woman has always worried Nekrasov. In many of his poems and poems, he speaks of her plight. Starting with the early poem “On the Road” and ending with the poem “Who Lives Well in Russia”, Nekrasov spoke about the “female share”, about the dedication of the Russian peasant woman, about her spiritual beauty. In the poem “In full swing the village suffering”, written shortly after the reform, a true reflection of the inhuman hard work of a young peasant mother is given:

Share you! - Russian woman's share!
Hardly harder to find...

Talking about the hard lot of the Russian peasant woman, Nekrasov often embodied in her image high ideas about the spiritual power of the Russian people, about their physical beauty:

There are women in Russian villages
With calm gravity of faces,
With beautiful strength in movements,
With a gait, with the eyes of queens.

In the works of Nekrasov, the image of a “stately Slav” appears, pure in heart, bright mind, strong spirit. This is Daria from the poem "Frost, Red Nose", and a simple girl from the "Troika". This is Matrena Timofeevna Korchagina from the poem "Who in Russia should live well."

The image of Matrena Timofeevna, as it were, completes and unites the group of images of peasant women in Nekrasov's work. The poem recreates the type of the “dignified Slav”, a peasant woman of the Central Russian strip, endowed with restrained and strict beauty:

stubborn woman,
Wide and dense
Thirty-eight years old.
Beautiful; gray hair,
The eyes are large, stern,
Eyelashes are the richest
Stern and swarthy.

She, smart and strong, the poet entrusted to tell about his fate. “Peasant Woman” is the only part of the poem “Who Lives Well in Russia”, all written in the first person. Trying to answer the question of the men-truth-seekers, can she call herself happy, Matrena Timofeevna tells the story of her life. The voice of Matrena Timofeevna is the voice of the people themselves. That is why she sings more often than talks, sings folk songs. "Peasant Woman" is the most folklore part of the poem, it is almost entirely built on folk poetic images and motifs. The whole life story of Matrena Timofeevna is a chain of continuous misfortunes and suffering. No wonder she says about herself: “I have a downcast head, I carry an angry heart!” She is convinced: "It's not a matter of looking for a happy woman between women." Why? After all, there was love in the life of this woman, the joy of motherhood, the respect of others. But with her story, the heroine makes the peasants think about the question of whether this is enough for happiness and whether all those life hardships and hardships that fall to the lot of the Russian peasant woman will outweigh this cup:

Silent, invisible to me
The storm has passed,
Will you show her?
For me insults are mortal
Gone unpaid
And the whip passed over me!

Slowly and unhurriedly Matrena Timofeevna leads her story. She lived well and freely in parental home. But, having married Philip Korchagin, she ended up with a "maiden's will to hell": a superstitious mother-in-law, a drunkard father-in-law, an older sister-in-law, for whom her daughter-in-law had to work like a slave. With her husband, she, however, was lucky. But Philip only returned from work in the winter, and the rest of the time there was no one to intercede for her, except for grandfather Savely. A consolation for a peasant woman is her first-born Demushka. But due to Savely's oversight, the child dies. Matrena Timofeevna becomes a witness to the abuse of the body of her child (in order to find out the cause of death, the authorities perform an autopsy of the child's corpse). For a long time she cannot forgive Savely's "sin" that he overlooked her Demushka. But the trials of Matrena Timofeevna did not end there. Her second son Fedot is growing up, then misfortune happens to him. Her eight-year-old son is facing punishment for feeding someone else's sheep to a hungry she-wolf. Fedot took pity on her, he saw how hungry and unhappy she was, and the wolf cubs in her den were not fed:

Looking up, head up
In my eyes ... and howled suddenly!

In order to save her little son from the punishment that threatened him, Matryona herself lies under the rod instead of him.

But the most ordeal fall to her share in a lean year. Pregnant, with children, she herself is likened to a hungry she-wolf. A recruiting set deprives her of her last intercessor, her husband (he is taken out of turn):

hungry
Orphans are standing
In front of me...
unkindly
The family looks at them
They are noisy in the house
On the street pugnacious,
Gluttons at the table...
And they began to pinch them,
Bang on the head...
Shut up, soldier mother!

Matrena Timofeevna decides to ask the governor for intercession. She runs to the city, where she tries to get to the governor, and when the porter lets her into the house for a bribe, she throws herself at the feet of the governor Elena Alexandrovna:

How do I throw
At her feet: “Stand up!
Deception, not godly
Provider and parent
They take from children!

The governor took pity on Matryona Timofeevna. The heroine returns home with her husband and newborn Liodorushka. This incident cemented her reputation as a lucky woman and the nickname "governor".

The further fate of Matryona Timofeevna is also full of troubles: one of the sons has already been taken to the soldiers, "they burned twice ... God anthrax ... visited three times." The "Baby Parable" sums up her tragic story:

Keys to female happiness
From our free will
abandoned, lost
God himself!

The life history of Matryona Timofeevna showed that the most difficult, unbearable conditions of life could not break a peasant woman. The harsh conditions of life honed a special female character, proud and independent, accustomed to relying on her own strength everywhere and in everything. Nekrasov endows his heroine not only with beauty, but with great spiritual strength. Not resignation to fate, not stupid patience, but pain and anger are expressed in the words with which she ends the story of her life:

For me insults are mortal
Gone unpaid...

Anger accumulates in the soul of a peasant woman, but faith in intercession remains Mother of God by the power of prayer. After praying, she goes to the city to the governor to seek the truth. Saves her own spiritual strength and will to live. Nekrasov showed in the image of Matryona Timofeevna both a readiness for self-sacrifice when she stood up for her son, and strength of character when she does not bow to formidable bosses. The image of Matrena Timofeevna is, as it were, woven from folk poetry. Lyrical and wedding folk songs, lamentations have long told about the life of a peasant woman, and Nekrasov drew from this source, creating the image of his beloved heroine.

Written about the people and for the people, the poem "To whom it is good to live in Russia" is close to the works of oral folk art. The verse of the poem - Nekrasov's artistic discovery - perfectly conveyed the lively speech of the people, their songs, sayings, sayings, which absorbed centuries-old wisdom, sly humor, sadness and joy. The whole poem is true folk work and therein lies its great significance.

Explores various strata of Russian society: peasants, landowners, clergy. The fate of the Russian peasant woman becomes a special topic, for it turns out to be even harder than the fate of the other peasants. “It’s not a matter between women / to look for a happy one,” Matrena Timofeevna, the head of the Peasant Woman, directly answers the wanderers who turned to her. But a peasant woman, enslaved by both serfdom and the despotism of her husband's family, excites Nekrasov more.

This type was most fully revealed by Nekrasov in the poem “Who Lives Well in Russia” in the image of Matryona Korchagina. Bitter share peasant woman, forever humiliated by poverty, overworking and not seeing, causes deep sympathy in the soul of the poet, but at the same time, he notes in her character and human dignity, and pride, and unshakable moral purity. The image of Matrena Timofeevna is given in the poem in dynamics, in development.

The heroine had a happy, carefree early life, and from the age of five she began to become involved in feasible work: “she brought her father to breakfast, she grazed ducklings”, “turned hay”, etc. Moreover, she got a good husband. Matryona did not have to, like many other peasant women, live with the “hateful”, endure beatings. Matryona lived with her husband in love and harmony. It was this harmony in the family that helped the heroine endure troubles and misfortunes. Philip was a stove-maker, constantly leaving to work in St. Petersburg. Matryona was very upset by constant separation. She had to adapt to life in a strange family. A young beautiful woman, in the absence of her husband-protector, was pursued by the master's manager. None of the relatives, except for the hundred-year-old grandfather Savely, the heroine did not find support.

The character of Matrena Timofeevna is tempered precisely in severe trials. This is a smart, selfless, strong-willed, resolute woman. This is the image of a peasant woman not only strong in spirit, but also gifted and talented. Matryona about her life is a story about the fate of any peasant woman, a long-suffering Russian woman. The chapter itself is not named after her, but "Peasant Woman". This emphasizes that the fate of Matryona is not at all an exception to the rule, but typical fate million Russian peasant women. The best spiritual qualities - willpower, the ability to love, fidelity - make Matryona related to the heroines of the poem "Russian Women". Matryona Timofeevna's long story about her (still quite prosperous and extremely lucky!) fate is both an ode to the beauty of the soul of a Russian peasant woman and an accusation to those who doomed her to terrible torments.

Like Yermil Girin, Matryona is known throughout the district. But in the poem she tells about her life herself, and only seven wanderers listen to her. The veracity of the story is emphasized by the request of the wanderers: “Ata lay out your soul to us!” And the heroine of the chapter herself promises: "I will not hide anything."

Matryona Timofeevna's extraordinary creative talent allows her not only to keep folklore in her memory, but also to update it. The story is full of elements folklore works dedicated to the bitter fate of a woman: songs, "proverbs, sayings, lamentations, lamentations.

Songs play a special role in describing the life of a Russian woman (it is no coincidence that the second chapter of this part of the poem is called "Songs"). Nekrasov depicts the life of a peasant woman in its entirety, from childhood, until the moment when she meets with seekers happy person. There are several moments in the life of Matrena Timofeevna when those feelings that could lead her to decisive action are about to burst out. The first time - when, despite her pleas, the doctors begin the autopsy of Demushka's body. But the guard then orders to bind the mother. The second - when the headman decides to punish her son Fedotushka, who took pity on the hungry she-wolf.

The master decides to forgive the child, but to punish the "impudent woman" herself. And Nekrasov shows a very important feature of the strong-willed character of the heroine: she proudly lies down. under the rod, without stooping to ask for forgiveness, endures the pain and shame of public punishment. And only the next day she cried out her grief over the river. The only time when Matrena Timofeevna decides to fight for her happiness is when her husband is taken to the soldiers. She turns with a frantic prayer to the Mother of God, and this prayer, apparently, gives her strength: Matryona Timofeevna finds the courage to turn to the governor, who not only helps the peasant woman, but also becomes the godmother of her child. After this incident, Matryona begins to be called happy. This, it turns out, is the happiness of a peasant woman: not to become a soldier, to find the strength to remain silent and endure and raise children.

The keys to women's happiness, - From our free will, Abandoned, lost ... - such is the gloomy result of Matrena Timofeevna's conversation with seven wanderers. External, cordiality, quick wits, the glory of the lucky woman make it possible to speak of Matryona Timofeevna as a unique, exceptional personality.

By depicting the fate of Matryona Timofeevna, the author makes deep generalizations: Russian women live in constant work, the joys and sorrows of motherhood, in the struggle for a family, for a home. Topic female share in the poem merges with the theme of the homeland. The female characters of Nekrasov's heroines speak of the strength, purity and incorruptibility of the common people. Those inhuman conditions of life, against which these images appear, point to the urgent need for changes in the order, style and way of life in the villages and cities of old-regime Russia.

The writing.
Life of Matrena Timofeevna based on the poem by N.A. Nekrasov "Who should live well in Russia"

The poem “To whom it is good to live in Russia”, begun in 1863, was written for several years, up to 1877, although it remained unfinished.
To write such a work, Nekrasov began to study Russian folk art, peasant life. Thus, the author was preparing for a great literary feat - to create a monumental poem glorifying the Russian people. In my opinion, the reader should treat this work as a chronicle, a document written on the basis of real facts. In addition, the poem is also perceived as a folk narrative, since issues that are relevant to the people, age-old for the consciousness of people are being resolved: about truth and falsehood, about grief and happiness. The poem takes on the significance of a folk encyclopedia.
For Nekrasov, the Russian people are "a hero of their time", the spiritual strength of the country. In the image of one hero, the author personifies the entire human race. People cease to be a crowd, they become a society in which women play a special role. The Russian woman has always been for the poet the bearer of life, a symbol of national existence. Therefore, one of the parts of the poem "Peasant Woman" can be safely renamed and called "The Life of Matrena Timofeevna."
Having found the definition of the term “life” in the dictionary, we learn that this is a description of the life of clergy and secular persons, canonized christian church, their biography.
Indeed, the whole part is built on telling as much as possible about the life of Matryona Timofeevna, to acquaint the reader with the heroine. Nekrasov writes this part, the only one in the poem, in the first person, bringing us closer to the spiritual inner world person.
The first meeting with the heroine takes place at the moment when she returns from the field in a crowd of "reapers and reapers". Before the reader appears the image of a Russian peasant woman who is able to perform a difficult and physically hard work. She did not try to get away from work. Now it's time to work, is it leisure to interpret?
At any time, the heroine is able to sacrifice herself and her strength for the common good. Human happiness and duty for her is the main activity. She is ready to sacrifice herself.
Judging by the first meeting of the reader with the heroine, one can quite definitely say that Matryona Timofeevna is a smart, strict, hardworking woman and, moreover, a very caring mother. Many trials fell to her share, despite the fact that in her childhood she lived like "in Christ's bosom." As a girl, the heroine learned a lot: she worked in the field, brought breakfast to her father - a shepherd, spun - in general, did household chores. But "the betrothed turned up." They gave Matrena Timofeevna in marriage, she ended up "from a girl's holi to hell." For new relatives, the heroine became like a "slave". Husband Philip once beat her, but even this fact is not enough for Matryona Timofeevna to take revenge or hate him. She forgave, continuing to treat him as gently and affectionately: "Filippushka" or "Filyushka". She did not even resist the beatings, "turning the other cheek." This testifies to the closeness of her soul to God, deep faith in him, because she lives according to the biblical commandments. Then she gave birth to a son Demushka. And again the heroine is faced with new problem, which the "father-in-law's parent", the only person who pities her, helps her to solve. Grandfather Saveliy is presented in the poem as "the hero of Svyatorussky." It can also be attributed to the saints. It personifies the image of the saint, courageous man. Saveliy embodies heroism: mind, will, calmness and sanity. His feelings develop in trials, like Matrena Timofeevna. He was the only one who respected and felt sorry for the heroine, a defenseless girl who had to suffer so much. Even when Demushka died because of Savely, Matryona Timofeevna was able to forgive him. And this is not given to every woman, because in most cases, few mothers are able to forgive the "killer" of their child. Nor is it surprising that the mother's first reaction was to curse the poor old man. The same man was perfectly aware of his sin, therefore he answered absolutely calmly to the anger and violence of the woman, reasoning that only "God knows what he is doing." Feeling guilty and trying to atone for his sin, Savely went to the monastery, spending last years life.
More than twenty years have passed since the death of Matryona's son. The heroine gave birth to Fedotushka, with the appearance of which the innocent woman again had to suffer for the happiness of the child. For the fault of the stupid boy, the mother took upon herself the pain and cruelty of the punishment assigned to her son. Even for the sake of her ruthless husband, Matryona was ready for anything. She was not afraid to meet the governor's wife. At that moment, Matrena gave birth to a boy. Upon learning of the woman's misfortune, the governor helped her. Philippa saved.
This is the last difficult test, which the heroine herself tells us about, and it makes it clear to the reader that the woman in Nekrasov's poem is strong personality who managed to defend her human dignity in the conditions of production and slavery. With her existence, Matryona Timofeevna explained what an indestructible spiritual and moral force is hidden in the mother's soul. Therefore, it is not in vain that the author describes the entire life path heroines, showing that she is a holy person, ready to die not for herself, but for others.
main character represents the whole nation. The consciousness of this morality, the “strength of the people”, which foreshadowed the sure victory of the people in the struggle for a happy future, was the source of that joyful vivacity that is felt even in the rhythms of the great poem by N.A. Nekrasov "Who is it good to live in Russia".

Tasks and tests on the topic "The Life of Matrena Timofeevna based on the poem by N.A. Nekrasov "Who should live well in Russia""

• Spelling - Important Topics to repeat the exam in the Russian language

  Lessons: 5 Assignments: 7

Most of Nekrasov's poem "Who Lives Well in Russia" under the title "Peasant Woman" is dedicated to Russian women. Wanderers looking for a happy man among men, in this part of the work decided to turn to a woman, and on the advice of the inhabitants of one of the villages, they turned to Matryona Korchagina.

The confession of this woman captivated them with the directness and depth of the story about the past years. To do this, the author used in the story of the heroine and metaphors, and comparisons, and folk songs and lamentations. All this in the mouth of Matryona sounds sad and sad. But is she happy and what is her life story?

Matrona's childhood was cloudless. She was born in a good hardworking peasant family where there was no strife. She was loved and protected by her parents. Growing up early, she began to help them in everything, working hard, but still found time for rest.

She also recalled her youth with warmth, because she was beautiful and energetic and managed to do everything: work and rest. Many guys stared at Matryona until they found a betrothed, to whom she was married. The mother, mourning her daughter, lamented that it would not be sugar for her in marriage, in a strange side and a strange family. But such is the fate of women.

It all happened. Matrena ended up in a large unfriendly family, for her words "from a girl's Holi to hell." They didn’t like her there, they forced her to work hard, offended her, and her husband often beat her, because in those days it was common to beat women. But Matryona, having strong character, courageously and patiently endured all the hardships of her bonded life. And even in these difficult life circumstances, she knew how to be happy. Here the husband will bring a scarf as a gift, and ride on a sled - and she rejoices at these moments.

The greatest happiness for Matryona was the birth of her first child. That's when she was truly happy. But this happiness was short-lived. Due to an oversight of the old man, the child dies, and the mother is blamed for everything. Where did she get the strength to endure all this? But she survived, as she survived a lot of grief and humiliation.

In her difficult peasant life, she proudly fights and does not fall into despair. Every year she gives birth to children, giving them all her love. She resolutely stands up for her son and accepts his punishment, she boldly goes to ask for her husband so that they do not take him to the war. Left an orphan at the age of 20, she has no one to rely on and no one to pity her. So courage and resilience developed in her character.

Two fires, epidemics, famine and other misfortunes fell on her hard lot. But the firmness and fortitude of this Russian woman can only be envied. Even when her mother-in-law died and Matryona became the mistress, it did not become easier for her to live, but she stubbornly fought for survival and she won.

Such is the life story of Matrona. Here they are, Russian women, were once in Russia!

Some interesting essays

• The theme of upbringing and education in the comedy Undergrowth Fonvizin

  Composition for grade 8 in literature Upbringing and education play a huge role in the life of every person.

Become a star, conquer Everest, swim across the ocean - a small list of what a person can do. Everyone has dreams and they can all come true. But, unfortunately, there are many obstacles on the way to success.

• Characteristics and image of Bubnov in the play At the bottom of Gorky essay

  While Gorky wrote the play "At the Bottom", many people, for various reasons, sank to the bottom of life. They had no housing, no home, no family. At the same time, there were other people

• Composition Why do fathers always teach children? Final

  Parents are the closest and dearest people who throughout their lives always take care of their children and teach them. While they are small, they may not notice it. During adolescence, children, due to the fact

• Analysis of Bradbury's work Smile

  The genre orientation of the work is a short fantasy novel written in the style of symbolism, the main theme of which is the author's reflections on the consequences of world technological progress.

The journey of the seven wanderers of the poem "" leads them to one of the estates of the landowner, which is completely ruined. The owner himself is away, abroad, and the manager of these territories is dying. The peasants, who have been serving all their lives, and now they are free, do not know at all what to do and where to go. Therefore, they slowly begin to disassemble and distribute the master's goods. And such a sad state of affairs was repeatedly observed by peasant peasants during their tour of Russian lands.

The whining and despair of the yard peasants is replaced by the sound of a song that comes from the lips of the reapers. It is here that the wanderers meet Matrena Timofeevna.

Before us beautiful woman Slavic appearance. With gorgeous hair, with big eyes, with lush eyelashes. She is dressed in a clean, white outfit and a short sundress.

The image of Matrena Timofeevna is not often found among the population. Fate "rewarded" her with many trials. Living in places where men very often went to the city, the woman was forced to take on her shoulders an unbearable burden. And carry it with confidence! Such work brought her up strong, proud and independent.

Part of the poem "Peasant Woman" is narrated in the first person. Literary critics they notice that Matrena Timofeevna speaks not only about herself, but about the entire Russian people. Her speech flows in the form of a song. And this once again confirms the inseparability of the people and folklore.

In the first chapter, Nekrasov introduces the reader to the matchmaking ceremony, which uses authentic texts. folk songs. Using the example of the marriage of Matryona Timofeevna, Nikolai Alekseevich tried to convey a description of the events that sooner or later took place in the life of any girl.

In the second chapter, the heroine very often uses, sings songs, the text of which was not invented by the author, but smoothly borrowed from the creator - from the people themselves. And, again, the fate of the heroine concerns not only her, but is nationwide.

And with such a constant comparison, Matrena Timofeevna does not cease to exist as a separate character, with her own customs and character. With the efforts made, the heroine nevertheless achieved the release of her husband. However, further recruitment awaits him, which greatly upset the woman.

In the image of Matrena Timofeevna, Nikolai Nekrasov was able to combine all the conditions and situations that an ordinary Russian woman could fall into, and boldly survive them.