The story "Watercolors" K. G
MASTER CLASS "Watercolor Landscape"
Painting lesson in plein-air classes for teachers and students of grades 3-4 of the children's art school on the topic: Sketches near the water.
Ponomareva Lyubov Innokentievna, teacher of MAOU DOD "ODSHI No. 3" of the Moscow Region of Bratsk, Irkutsk Region.Master class for students of children's art schools of 3-4 grades (14-15 years old) and teachers.
Purpose: visual aid, gift.
Target: Acquaintance with the basic methods and techniques for the consistent execution of a sketch of a landscape in watercolor.
Tasks:
Improving skills and abilities in performing a sketch of a landscape in watercolor.
Development of creative abilities.
Raising love and interest in the image of nature.
Materials: Watercolor ("St. Petersburg", "Neva", "Black River" or "Leningrad"); round brushes, squirrel No. 3, No. 6; watercolor paper, water jar, palette, pencil.
Hello, dear colleagues and art lovers!
My master class is called "Watercolor Landscape".
Landscapes are performed in plein-air classes, and are of great importance, since they contribute to a visual and practical study of the laws of light-air perspective, the acquisition of new knowledge in mastering watercolor techniques and the methodological sequence of work.
We choose a landscape motif with water and learn how to paint a reflection.
There are two main watercolor techniques - glazing, or multi-layer painting, and "a la prima" - in a raw way, as well as numerous combined techniques derived from them, aimed at revealing the effect, multi-structure and imagery of the object.
We paint a landscape using the traditional technique of multi-layered painting. This technique involves the successive layering of paint layers after the previous layer has dried. Moreover, the first layers are transparent, the subsequent ones partially overlap them, gradually darken and saturate the color system of the work. You can’t immediately write with dark and bright colors, because in the absence of white in watercolor, it’s quite difficult to lighten something, and watercolor is a fresh, light, transparent material, comes from the word “aqua”, which means water. The color is made up with a lot of water, so a round, squirrel brush is used, which holds water well, and watercolor paper absorbs it well.
Stages of work.
1. The motif of the landscape is not very complex, so we draw immediately with a brush, cold or warm color.
2. We perform a watercolor filling of the sky background with brush No. 6 from top to bottom, using ultramarine and ocher for this, since on a sunny day there are warm shades in the blue of the sky.
3. We close the bushes and banks of the river with light and warm green. It is better if the green color is obtained as a result of mixing. As you know, in a watercolor box you are offered not colors, but paints. To get a color, you need to mix at least two paints.
4. In this study, the dominant colors are blue, brown, ocher, green. All subsequent stages of work are carried out on the dried previous layer. We determine the penumbra of the bush in the background.
5. We strengthen the penumbra of the second plan, given that the lighting is upper, and the bushes are large hemispherical volumes.
6. We write a reflection in the water. There is a very weak current in this river, so the reflection is almost a mirror image. As a rule, it is always darker and warmer than real objects. We write the reflection with vertical strokes, mirroring the shape of the bushes.
7. We write water, with the sky reflected in it, in a darker color.
8. We strengthen the coast of the foreground with brighter shades of green, not forgetting, however, about the transparency of the watercolor.
9. In the shade of the bushes, we are looking for shades of cold color. We begin to write spruces in the background. In relation to the shrub, they are much darker.
10. Ate dark, almost flat, as they are far away, we write them with a thinner brush.
11. Strengthen the shadow in the bushes and the water of the foreground, which gives a sense of space.
12. We show the reflection of fir trees in the water, we increase the contrast and color density in the reflection of the bushes.
13. We emphasize the branches in the bush, we refine the reflections of the first plan.
14. The sketch is ready. Success in creative work!
The technique of watercolor is quite diverse, but at the same time complex. Paints need to be diluted with water, due to this they become more mobile. In turn, this allows you to use various techniques: work out fine details, perform wide fills, pour one stroke into another.
When learning to draw, it is useful to do sketches in watercolor. It is very important to see the work as a whole and feel the picturesque environment.
- Don't be afraid to draw. Everyone can depict vegetables, fruits or landscapes, the main thing is to believe in yourself and find inspiration in yourself.
- Quality plays an important role, the final result depends on it. It is necessary to try out all the varieties of sheets encountered in order to choose the ideal paper for yourself. It is necessary to make notes on the sheets (the weight of the paper, its grade and what the result is).
- When visiting a park or other picturesque place, you need to take a camera with you. After all, photos in the future will be able to inspire the creation of new works. Starting to create new sketches in watercolor, it is the pictures that will remind you how they should look.
- To remove excess moisture from the brushes, you will need napkins or paper towels.
Sketches in watercolor: fruits and vegetables
Learning watercolor painting is carried out in stages. They start with simpler tasks and only then move on to more complex ones. For starters, any fruit or vegetable can be used as nature. The main task in this case is the transmission of tones and the drawing of the volume of objects using the background and falling shadows.
At the first stage, you need to draw the outlines with a simple pencil. It is better not to use an eraser, but simply to draw a thin, slightly noticeable refinement line. In order not to forget about the shadows, you can slightly shade the necessary areas.
Further, leaving highlights in the right places, the entire surface of the picture is filled with the lightest shade. When the raw substrate is ready, start writing the selected vegetable or fruit. The first should be a semitone, then, starting from it, shadows and light are written. In conclusion, it remains to clarify the tonal solutions.
Having mastered the sketches of vegetables, watercolor will no longer be a problem, and then you can move on to depicting several vegetables or fruits, then a jug and a still life.
How to paint a landscape in watercolor
The atmosphere of watercolor sketches is just one moment, a fleeting state of nature, which the watercolor artist managed to capture.
Starting to draw sketches, first of all, you need to imagine in your head. The artist must determine how much space on the sheet will be occupied by the sky, and how much - by the earth. Often the horizon line is lowered a little below the middle, and this is compositionally correct. A watercolor sketch begins to be depicted from the sky, especially if the artist has chosen a wet technique.
At the second stage, landscape planes are drawn. Enhances dark areas. At this stage, it is necessary to concentrate not only on the planes, but also on individual details. The final stage is the work with thin brushes, they draw small details and make the picture complete.
Sketches of flowers in watercolor
When an aspiring artist begins to draw a bouquet of flowers, the first thing he sees is a lot of small twigs and flowers. However, do not be confused. Getting to work, the first thing you need to harmoniously arrange the flowers in the right order. The background is created by small flowers, they are depicted further and they should be smaller.
You need to retreat 3-4 cm from the edges of the sheet - this will be a frame that you cannot step beyond. The preliminary picture must be sketched with a pencil, while you should not put pressure on it so as not to deform the paper. The composition should resemble a geometric figure (triangle or oval).
Working with paints, on the palette it is necessary to prepare a selection of the desired cold and warm shades that will be present in the picture. They start working from the background, initially working with light colors, and then darkening the areas with a shadow.
Then they move on to drawing flowers. Initially, light shades are outlined, and after that shadows are added to the petals with a glazing thin layer. You need to pay attention to the fact that many small details do not appear in the background.
Sketches in watercolor must be written in a generalized way, it is better to do it “raw”, so that one color smoothly passes into another. This is how unique shades are created, and the drawing turns out to be alive. You just need to finish the small petals and stems with a thin brush.
Watercolor is very similar to gouache, so they can be used together. The difference between these colors is transparency. Watercolor is more transparent than gouache. It is this property that determines the final result. However, these two techniques are based on similar techniques.
When creating sketches with watercolors, it is necessary to control the amount of water in which the paint needs to be diluted. The liquid not only dissolves the paint and makes it more transparent, but also determines the degree of clarity of the future drawing. Therefore, it is best to learn watercolor technique by determining the required amount of water.
In painting, the image of nature in color is called a study. Etude watercolor works are different in nature, tasks, methods of execution, means of expression. The art of etude can only be mastered by constant drawing from life. Depending on the duration of the execution, etudes from nature are divided into short-term and long-term ones. Short-term includes sketches and sketches, long-term - studies.
Study sketch- this is a quickly executed image, in general terms characterizing the pictorial and plastic qualities of nature. Special purpose sketch is to capture a concrete, momentary state of nature. Only in the form of a quick sketch can one capture unique and fleeting events. These can be labor processes, sports competitions, the constantly changing state of the landscape and lighting, the movements of people, animals, etc.
Study sketch
To capture all this, the artist sometimes has a few minutes or even seconds, not being able to examine nature in detail, to see all the details. To convey the specificity and uniqueness of this fleeting state of nature, to "stop the moment" - these are the tasks sketch. Its merits are determined not by some special elaboration and completeness, but, first of all, by freshness, emotionality, sharpness of perception of what is seen and expressive transmission of it.
The lack of time and the transience of the event forces the artist to instantly orientate himself in the situation and convey in a sketch with stingy pictorial means the general plastic and color character of nature. Because of this, in sketches generalization of the image is possible - many details, details may be missing or remain approximate, incomplete, barely noticeable and understandable only to the author. However, with all the generality of the solution of the study, one must strive to ensure that the objects in the image do not lose their natural features and qualities.
The ability to quickly and accurately convey character, proportions, colors, movement is important when drawing animals, birds, and when depicting a landscape at dawn, sunset, dusk. Here the artist must first convey the differences in color, tone, character, proportions of large masses of the sky, earth, water, objects, and then supplement the sketch with the necessary details. Thus before etude sketch First of all, the task is to convey such properties of nature as proportions, movement, shape, tonal-color difference of objects, the emotional state of nature.
Study sketch
In a quick study, one must strive for the possible simplicity, conciseness, expressiveness of the image, for which it is necessary to single out only its most characteristic features from the mass of impressions from nature. It is necessary to avoid unnecessary details in detailing, applying strokes, lines, spots, strokes that do not enhance the expressiveness of the sketch.
First, you should draw stationary objects and objects, and then a living model. When depicting nature in a calm position, one or two minutes must be devoted to the study and analysis of nature, its properties and features. Having outlined the general in the sketch, you can proceed to the development of characteristic details. Drawing watercolor works from living nature should be done only as long as it has not changed its position.
The intended purpose of quick studies also determines the methodology for their implementation. This also applies to work on an etude, which is written from the sitter. The fact is that the sitter can only be in a complex, tense pose for only a few minutes. Then the form may involuntarily change somewhat. Therefore, doing sketch from a human figure, one must first of all try to convey the general color character of nature, its movement, proportions, and then, at the second stage, develop some details without losing the integrity and expressiveness of the sketch.
Etude-sketch
At the same time, the task sketch does not consist in being able to draw quickly and deftly, but in the study and knowledge of various aspects of nature. Therefore, at the beginning of training, a larger volume of work should be occupied by two- and four-hour sketches. Then, as you gain knowledge and experience, the time to complete sketches can be gradually reduced.
Sketches performed from nature. Most often, they solve purely specific problems: they study and search for the exact nature of the form and object or any of its individual details, its constructive and color solution.
This type of etude work can include short-term tasks for painting simple still lifes, heads, human figures, etc., as well as etudes-sketches of fragments of nature, such as arms, legs, costume, to a long etude or compositional work in order to in-depth study of the most important pictorial and plastic qualities of nature. The same type of sketches includes sketches of individual plants, fruits, vegetables, flowers, stones, trees or their parts (stumps, branches, leaves), fragments of architectural structures and their decorations, objects of labor, everyday life, etc. Sketches are also performed when developing compositional tasks with a similar goal as when the artist is working on a painting.
Etude-sketch
Sketches usually handled very carefully. The artist strives to get as close to nature as possible, to convey its features as accurately as possible. Such documentary, protocol enriches the artist with knowledge of the pictorial and plastic qualities of nature, its constructive structure, proportions, and color. This knowledge of nature is especially necessary for the artist when the work is carried out according to the idea, imagination or composition.
Work on quick etudes must be alternated with the execution of etudes of a long nature. The specific nature of the sketches does not allow to study and convey the originality and richness of forms, color, light and other features of nature with the necessary completeness.
On the other hand, engaging in only lengthy sketches dulls the sharpness of perception of nature, a lively attitude towards it. Therefore, it is reasonable to combine work on long-term studies with short-term studies - sketches, sketches. With a one-sided passion for any one type of educational tasks, a stamp is developed, a memorization of techniques, a picturesque palette. The alternation of different types of educational tasks and the methodology for their implementation activates the perception of nature, allows you to study it more diversely and deeper.
(1) When the word "motherland" was pronounced under Berg, he grinned. (2) I didn’t notice the beauty of nature around, I didn’t understand when the fighters said:
"(3) Here we will recapture our native land and water the horses from our native river."
- (4) Chatter! Berg said gloomily. - (5) For people like us, there is no and no
maybe homeland.
- (6) Oh, Berg, cracker soul! - the fighters answered with heavy reproach. -
(7) You do not love the earth, eccentric. (8) And also an artist!
(9) Maybe that's why Berg did not succeed in landscapes.
(10) A few years later, in early autumn, Berg went to Murom
forests, to the lake, where his friend the artist Yartsev spent his summers, and lived there
about a month. (11) He was not going to work and did not take oil
paints, and brought only a small box of watercolors.
(12) All day long he lay on the still green glades and looked at the flowers
and herbs, picked bright red rose hips and fragrant juniper,
long needles, leaves of aspens, where the lemon field was scattered
black and blue spots, fragile lichen of a delicate ashy hue and
withering cloves. (13) He carefully examined the autumn leaves from the inside,
where the yellowness was slightly touched by lead frost.
(14) At sunset, flocks of cranes flew over the lake with a cooing
south, and Vanya Zotov, the forester's son, said to Berg every time:
- (15) It seems that birds are throwing us, flying to the warm seas.
(16) Berg for the first time felt a stupid insult: the cranes seemed to him
traitors. (17) They threw this forest and solemn
land full of nameless lakes, impenetrable thickets, dry foliage,
measured rumble of pines and air smelling of resin and damp marsh
mosses.
(18) Once Berg woke up with a strange feeling. (19) Light shadows
branches trembled on the clean floor, and behind the door shone a quiet blue. (20) Word
"radiance" Berg met only in the books of poets, considered him lofty and
devoid of clear meaning. (21) But now he realized how accurate this word is
conveys that special light that comes from the September sky and the sun.
(22) Berg took paints, paper and, without even drinking tea, went to the lake.
(23) Vanya took him to the far shore.
(24) Berg was in a hurry. (25) Berg wanted all the power of colors, all the skill of his
hands, all that was trembling somewhere in the heart, to give this paper, so that at least
to depict in a hundredth part the splendor of these forests, dying majestically and
simply. (26) Berg worked like a man possessed, sang and shouted.
... (27) Two months later, a notice of the exhibition was brought to Berg's house,
in which he was supposed to participate: they asked him to tell how many of his
The artist will exhibit the works this time. (28) Berg sat down at the table and quickly wrote:
“I am exhibiting only one study in watercolor, made this summer, - mine
first landscape.
(29) After a while, Berg sat and thought. (30) He wanted to trace what
by elusive ways, a clear and joyful feeling of homeland appeared in him.
(31) It has been ripe for weeks, years, decades, but the last push gave
forest land, autumn, cries of cranes and Vanya Zotov.
- (32) Oh, Berg, cracker soul! he remembered the words of the soldiers.
(33) The fighters were right then. (34) Berg knew that he was now connected with
his country not only with his mind, but with all his heart, as an artist, and that
love for the motherland made his smart, but dry life warm, cheerful and
a hundred times more beautiful than before.
(according to K.G. Paustovsky*)
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Sooner or later one gets the feeling incomprehensible, touching relationship with the nature and culture of their country. K. Paustovsky in the story "Watercolors" described the worldview of the artist Berg before and after discovering this feeling in himself, raised the problem of love for the motherland.
How terrible it is not to notice the beauty of forests, full-flowing rivers and thin streams, not to draw inspiration and vitality from them! People of art feel unity with nature especially deeply. It is difficult to imagine a creator grinning at the word "motherland", and, nevertheless, Berg is like that. It is not surprising that he was called "rusk soul", adding: "And also an artist!". Yes, he was like that, but that shining morning changed him, helped him see the beauty of his native land and feel a new joy.
