What is the production capacity of the enterprise. Calculation of production capacities

Efficient use of the production capacity of the enterprise is a multifaceted system of theoretical and practical solutions. In order to apply any methods, methods and strategies for a particular enterprise, it is necessary to clearly understand what the production capacity of an enterprise is, what is its constituent parts and what factors influence it.

Production program and production capacity of the enterprise: what is the difference

The task of any manufacturing enterprise is the release of a market product (service, product). To what extent a given organization can put its offer on the market depends in most cases on its production potential.

Companies collect a vast amount of data about customers, which in the end turns out to be useless. Information is scattered, often outdated or distorted - on this basis it is impossible to make the buyer unique trade offer and predict sales. Our article describes the tools for collecting and analyzing information, the use of which:

  • optimizes the company's marketing costs;
  • help build a sales strategy;
  • reduce customer churn by improving the quality of service.

Productive capacity enterprises is an exact expression optimal quantity of goods produced.

The optimal quantity of goods/services to be produced is such a volume of the company's offer that covers all concluded transactions and obligations for the production of goods/services within the agreed time frame, produced at the lowest cost and with the highest profitability.

If necessary, the production program can be developed both for the company as a whole and for its separate functional divisions. The periods of the implemented program plan may also be different, but in any case, these periods should not be at odds with the terms of the agreements already concluded.

The data specified in the production program take into account all facets of commodity and market manifestations: the product range of the manufactured product, quantity, quality characteristics of the offer, deadlines, etc.

As a result, the main task of drawing up a production program is the regulation of the volume of goods or services produced and sold.

In the world economic theory the volume of goods sold is more often found in the form of the term "sales volume". This is due to a broader scope of understanding, which includes the definition of the characteristics of both an enterprise specializing in the production of a material product and a company providing services. Nowadays, more and more often there is a business that combines both.

What are the types of production capacity of the enterprise

The production capacity of an enterprise or its individual structural element represents the maximum potential for the production, processing and sale of a product or service with specified characteristics for a year or any other period of time, in conditions that all the company's resources are used on the most progressive basis.

When drawing up a production program or plan, as well as when carrying out analytical work with the performance indicators of the company or its separate division, three main types of the maximum possible production capacity of the enterprise are identified:

  • perspective;
  • design;
  • active.

The prospective view of the production capacity of an enterprise is a probable change in production indicators expected in the future.

The design type of the production capacity of the enterprise is expressed in the volume of output provided for by the construction project, reconstruction of the enterprise, as well as planned after any technical renovation of production units and changes in the organization of labor. The design production capacity of the enterprise reflects the coordination of the company to achieve a leading position in a given industry segment of the market.

The current type of production capacity of the enterprise is the production potential of the facility, which is approved in the production program. This type of potential is dynamic, and the trends of change depend on organizational and technical production progress. The current design capacity is the sum of the following indicators:

  • the input level of the production capacity of the enterprise ( First stage scheduled timeframe)
  • the output level of the production capacity of the enterprise (the final phase of the planned period);
  • the average value of the production capacity of the enterprise for the year.

The division of the production capacity of the enterprise into input, output and average annual is based on the following factors:

  • the input level of the production capacity of the enterprise - the potential production potential of the beginning of the planned period, which is most often a year;
  • the output level of the production capacity of the enterprise is the maximum use of reserves in the final part of the planned period, which is equal to the result of adding the input capacity at the beginning of the year and introduced / removed during the same 12 months;
  • the average annual level of production capacity of the enterprise is the average annual value of the production capacities that the object has in the conditions of the emergence of new opportunities for the part of the company participating in the production of the product and their abolition.

How to determine the production capacity of an enterprise

An integral part of calculating the planned production capacity of an enterprise is the constant fixation of the balance of supply and demand for a product / service. For example, if demand prevails over supply, then the corresponding increase in production potential is necessarily reflected in planning.

Additional factors affecting the production capacity of the enterprise are such internal resources of the company as technological and organizational equipment, the degree of qualification of personnel and strategic progressive management aimed at achieving new economic heights.

The production capacity of the enterprise, as a value, is calculated taking into account the following provisions:

1. The unit of measurement for the indicator of the production capacity of an enterprise is the same quantitative volume of the product produced as in the approved production program (plan and contract).

2. The calculation of the level of potential capabilities of the manufacturer occurs at all hierarchical levels structure of the production part of the company:

  • from the production element of the lowest rank to the link at the beginning of the hierarchy;
  • from technologically-similar units of production equipment to joint sites;
  • from a small production zone - to a workshop, and then to a manufacturing enterprise.

3. To calculate the value of the production capacity of the enterprise, you need to know:

  • the volume of fixed production assets;
  • order of operation of machinery and areas;
  • the amount of time required for the release / processing of the product and the performance of technical equipment.

The size of the value of the production possibilities of the lower unit affects each larger link in the production structure, from the site to the manufacturing plant. The highest rank is assigned to the division in which the main part of the production is carried out. technological processes for the production, processing of the company's product, the largest human resources are concentrated and in which the fixed assets of the enterprise are centralized.

Economic practice, in addition to the calculated calculations of the production capacity of an enterprise, implies the development of a "Balance of production capacity", which reflects:

  • the number of manufactured or processed products;
  • the input level of the production capacity of the enterprise;
  • design production capacity of the enterprise;
  • the output level of the production capacity of the enterprise;
  • the average annual value of the production capacity of the enterprise;
  • coefficient of realization of production resources.

Factors of the production capacity of the enterprise that affect the value of this value:

  • technical equipment of the manufacturer in quantitative terms of machine units;
  • technical and economic standards for the operation of machine units;
  • compliance of production machines and technologies with the present scientific and technical progress;
  • temporary funds for the operation of machines and units;
  • the degree of labor and production coordination;
  • used production areas;
  • the planned volumes of the manufactured or processed product, which have a direct impact on the labor intensity of this product with the available technical equipment.

The composition of the technical equipment of the enterprise includes all the machine units that are in operation, put into operation at the beginning of the year, and those that are planned to be used during the period indicated by the plan. It does not include pieces of equipment that are on reserve conservation, related to experimental experimental zones and used as teaching and training facilities.

The marginal productivity of technical equipment involved in the calculation of the production capacity of the enterprise is calculated based on the advanced standards for the operation of each machine unit.

The time fund for the operation of technical equipment in a continuous production cycle is defined as the difference between the full calendar time and the hours spent on repair and maintenance.

An important nuance in calculating the value of the production capacity of an enterprise is that idle units do not take part in it, the reason for which may be the lack of raw materials and material resources, as well as hours associated with the reworking of defective products.

How to calculate the production capacity of an enterprise

The total production capacity of each of the divisions of the enterprise will be the total production capacity of the enterprise. The calculation within the division is carried out from the lowest level to the highest, for example, from a group of production machines with similar technical characteristics to a production site, from a workshop to a division, from a production unit to the entire enterprise.

The calculated production capacity of the leading production unit is the basis for determining the capacity of the unit at the next level. For example, the production capacity of the leading group of machines is the basis for determining the same value for the production site, the capacity of the leading section is for the workshop capacity, etc. The leading production unit is the one whose labor intensity has highest value. If a production unit includes several elements of the same type (groups of machines with similar technical characteristics, production workshops, etc.), then its capacity is determined by adding the capacities of all its constituent parts.

The principle of calculating the value of the production capacity of both one production element and the entire complex depends on the type of established process. In serial and unit production, the capacity is calculated from the throughput of machine units and their groups to the capacity of the production unit.

The production capacity of the enterprise is determined not only at the level of the leading units of the plant, but also on the rest of its elements. It is necessary to do this in order to timely identify the so-called "bottlenecks", i.e. groups of machines, sections, workshops, whose throughput does not meet the capacity requirements of the leading element, on the basis of which the total production capacity of the enterprise is determined.

After calculating the production capacities of the leading units of the plant, a preliminary leveling of the load is carried out (bringing the degree of operation of machines by groups to a value that takes into account the optimization of the "bottlenecks"), and only after that they are summed up to obtain the value of the total production capacity of the enterprise.

The indicators of production capacity must be in the same natural or conditionally natural units of measurement in which the production program is planned.

The value of the level of production capacity is differentiated into input, output and average annual. The level of input production capacity is an indicator of capacity at the beginning of the planning period, output - at its end date.

Output capacity level (Mv)- an indicator that depends on the work specified in the plan for the industrial re-equipment of the enterprise, the modernization of the fleet of machines, the construction or repair of production facilities, etc. The calculation of this indicator is carried out according to the formula Mv \u003d M1 + Mr + Mm-Ml, where:

  • M1 - the value of power at the beginning of the planning period (input power);
  • Мр - the value of the power introduced into the production complex for the implementation of scheduled work on repair, construction, modernization;
  • Mm is the power value acquired by production units as a result of the implemented transformations;
  • Ml is the value of the power removed from the production process (for example, the power of obsolete equipment).

Average annual production capacity (Ms)- the initial indicator, which is the average value of the capacity of the production unit for 12 months, taking into account the introduced and removed capacities from the production process. The same indicator, determined in relation to the entire enterprise, depends on the average annual value of the production capacity of the main division of the plant.

The indicator of production capacity of a separate structural unit of production is affected by various factors: the number of machine units, their technical characteristics, operating time, their throughput.

The calculation of the indicator of the level of the average annual production capacity is carried out according to the formula MS \u003d Os FvNp, where:

  • Os - the average annual number of machine units with similar technical characteristics;
  • Fv - the total volume of the temporary fund of technical units of the enterprise;
  • Np - hourly rate of productivity of one machine unit.

Average annual number of machine units with similar technical characteristics is determined by the formula Os \u003d O1 + OvP1 / 12 - OlP2 / 12, where:

  • O1 - number of machine units at the beginning of the planning period;
  • Ov - the number of machine units introduced into the production complex during the planning period;
  • Ol - the number of machine units taken out of production during the planning period;
  • P1 and P2 - the number of full months until the end of the planning period after the introduction / removal of equipment.

How should the production capacity of the enterprise be planned

Without planning the use and increasing the production capacity of the enterprise, all business achievements of the production complex will be short-term. According to practical observations, we can say for sure that production capacity in excess has a more positive effect on production than their deficit.

Therefore, when planning for the use and growth of production capacity, managers should ask questions such as: “Will my production have one global production capacity or will it be a collection of several small resources?”, “Will the expansion of production capacity occur as needed or along the path of the planned strategy?” etc. To get answers to such questions, the manager must develop a plan for the development of production and its capacities, and the analysis of its effectiveness must be systematic.

There are three factors to consider when choosing production capacity.

1. How much spare capacity is needed

The average value of the involvement of production capacities in the production process should not be equal to 100%. If the capacity indicator is close to this figure, this signals that either production capacity requires an early increase, or it is necessary to reduce the volume of output. Those. a plant must always have some spare capacity to reserve in case of an unplanned surge in demand or failure of any production units. A plant's margin of production capacity is the difference between average utilization (or actual production capacity) and 100%.

In practice, a large margin of production capacity makes sense when:

  • the demand for manufactured products is sharply dynamic;
  • the volume of future demand is unknown and resources are not flexible enough;
  • demand changes in the ratio different types manufactured products;
  • there is no clear delivery schedule.

An excessively large reserve of production capacity is often the result of an increase in the production capacity of an enterprise with minimal volumes. Therefore, it is better for a company to increase its capacity in large stages at once.

A small amount of reserves of production capacity is justified: a small amount of financial resource that is not involved in the production cycle is “frozen”, and a decrease in efficiency is also visible due to a failure in the supply of raw materials or a decline in the labor activity of workers (these disadvantages often remain invisible with a large margin of production capacity).

2. When and how much to expand production capacity

The question of the volume of expansion of the production capacity of the enterprise is not the only one. It is equally important to determine in a timely manner when the plant needs to introduce additional capacity. How much and when to increase a company's productive resources is decided by one of two strategies: expansionist or wait-and-see.

The first technique is the expansion of the production capacity of the enterprise in large volumes over long periods of time; the volume increases in advance, without waiting until the power reserves run out.

The second, on the contrary, implies the introduction of additional resources often and in small volumes (“wait-and-see” in translation - “wait and see”, “wait and see”); additional resources are introduced only when the established critical level of reserves is reached.

The time and size of the increase should be directly proportional to each other. So, if, against the background of an increase in demand, the intervals between the introduction of additional capacity increase, then the growth volumes should also increase. The expansionary method of increasing production capacity outpaces changes in demand, minimizing potential forfeiture from capacity shortages.

The wait-and-see method follows changes in demand, while the lack of resources is filled by any urgent measures: overtime hours, hiring temporary workers, renting additional premises, etc.

The manager of the enterprise can apply one of these methods or use any intermediate version, for example, introduce additional capacity in shorter periods of time than with the expansionist method, but follow the demand, as with wait-and-see.

A variant that equally combines two methods is called follow-the-leader (“follow the leader”), i.e. focus on the time and volume of increasing the capacities of the leading companies in their market sector. Obviously, with the middle option, there is no question of increasing competitiveness.

3. How is the expansion of production capacity related to other aspects of the enterprise

The introduction of additional production capacity should be part of a unified development strategy for the entire enterprise. Changes in the flexibility of resources and their location must be commensurate with the headroom resulting from these changes, as all three of these aspects are factors influencing the increase or decrease in the risks of the company. The reserve of production capacity is also interconnected with other aspects of the company's activities, which include:

  • competitive advantages. For example, when such competitive advantage, as a high speed of supply, it is necessary that the reserve of production capacity correspond to changes in demand, especially if storage costs are not economically justified;
  • quality management. With higher quality products, it is advisable to reduce the production capacity of the enterprise, because. here, losses associated with the release of marriage and other types of reduction in the final volume of production are minimized;
  • capital intensity. Investment investments in high-tech equipment. To compensate for the balance of finances "frozen" in the production cycle, it is advisable to reduce the stock of production capacity;
  • resource flexibility. As the flexibility of the workforce decreases, the likelihood of equipment overload increases. It is possible to balance the work of production by increasing the reserve of production capacity;
  • equipment. Unreliability in equipment requires an increase in the margin of production capacity, especially during periods of a sharp increase in demand for manufactured products;
  • planning. A stable business environment increases the level of product/service assurance, so it is appropriate to have a small margin of production capacity;
  • location. The geographical expansion of production requires an increase in the stock of production capacity in a new location with a likely decrease in its old one.

So, any changes in production capacity should be combined with the planning of a different functionality of the company. The financial analysis and assessment of human resources should underlie both planning for changing production capacity and managing the company as a whole, which, in turn, should be carried out against the background of knowledge of the characteristics of this market segment and forecasting changes in supply and demand.

Experts advise planning the expansion of the production capacity of the enterprise according to the following phased scheme:

Stage 1. Estimate the required production capacity

To analyze long-term needs for production capacity, it is necessary to calculate the likely changes in demand, productivity, competition, and the time that technological changes will spread. To compare with the value of production capacity, the value of demand must have a numerical expression.

Step 2: Calculate the difference between required and available production capacity

An accurate measure of productive capacity is not easy to determine if the expansion process involves several types of resources. Thus, the introduction of additional capacity within one operation may increase the value of the total production capacity, or the expansion of the total capacity is impossible without adjusting the capacity of the bottlenecks (if any).

Stage 3. We draw up options for plans to close the gap

Possible gaps in production capacity should be taken into account in alternative plans for their elimination. Managers of the company can choose "plan 0", in which no active actions are taken, skipping orders that do not fit into the volumes of available production capacity. Another way is to use expansionist and wait-and-see methods, choosing the terms and volumes of increasing the production capacity of the enterprise.

Stage 4. Qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate each alternative and make a final decision

During the qualitative assessment, management analyzes likely shifts in economic activity enterprises not affected by the financial analysis, which will be the result of changes in the volume of production capacity. Aspects such as future demand dynamics, competitor responses, changes in manufacturing process technology or final cost should only be weighed against future capacity expansions based on balanced judgment and experience.

Aspects that have a quantitative characteristic are also compared with the future prospects for changing the capacity of the enterprise. The most negative of them is the one where demand has a minimum value, and competition - more. In making decisions, management must take into account both the most pessimistic outcomes and the most favorable paths for the situation to develop.

Financial flows also have quantification: from "plan 0" to other options of the chosen strategy. At this stage, only the difference between the income and expenses of the company that is relevant to the project under consideration is assessed.

How to analyze the production capacity of an enterprise

In order to develop a further strategy for the development of production, to optimize the operation of the existing technical equipment, it is necessary to subject the work of production in the past period to a thorough study.

The production capacity of the enterprise is analyzed based on the assessment of the following characteristics.

Return on assets and the reasons affecting it

The return on assets, or the turnover ratio of fixed assets, characterizes the degree of efficiency in the use of the main production equipment, the quality and quantity of which are decisive for the formation of the total production capacity of the enterprise. The return on assets is the amount of output that falls on 1 or 1000 rubles of the monetary value of production fixed assets.

The value of capital productivity is influenced by the practical use of technical equipment, production area, as well as the dynamics of the cost of machine units and product units. Another characteristic of production that affects the value of capital productivity is the composition of fixed assets of production, which is defined as the sum of the cost value of technical equipment, energy and transport resources, the price of real estate involved in production and other links in the system of fixed assets.

The next step in the analysis of the use of the production capacity of the enterprise is to evaluate the production indicators affecting it.

Assessment of the structure of technological and technical equipment

When determining the dependence of the quality of the technical process on the level of production power consumption, it turns out what part of the advanced production methods of the product is applied at this plant. Those. the structure of the equipment used is analyzed and the percentage of production equipment that affects the increase in the quality of the production cycle is determined. One of the factors evaluating the progressiveness of the machine composition is the time required to install this equipment and receive the first batch of products.

Study of the process of using machines and units

In parallel with the assessment of the composite nature of the production equipment, the degree of its operation is monitored. This takes into account the ratio of all available equipment and that which is directly involved in the production cycle. The numerical discrepancy between these two indicators, multiplied by the value of the average output of the product, is the production potential, i.e. the quantity of manufactured products that this enterprise can provide, provided that the entire set of equipment is introduced into the workflow.

The assessment of the production capacity of an enterprise in the field of efficient operation of equipment occurs by determining the proportion of idle machine units.

The number of unused machine hours is determined from current job reports. Lost time is analyzed by comparison with the planned volume of machine hours and reports of similar enterprises. If we subtract the actually used time from the planned time and multiply the result by the average unit productivity per hour, we get the potential that this enterprise has in the conditions of eliminating downtime not taken into account by the plan.

Assessment of the extensiveness of equipment operation

For this study first determine the amount of product produced, which is the result of the actual operation of this unit per hour. For multifunctional machines, the average value of output in different production segments is taken.

The assessment of the extensiveness of the use of technical equipment is carried out by the method of determining the values: the number of manufactured products per machine unit, per machine hour, per 1 sq.m of production area and per monetary unit of the cost of the main production fund.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of the use of production space

In production areas with predominantly manual labor, the usefulness of the area occupied in the production process is determined. Places are not taken into account common use and those premises that are not related to the direct release of products. The amount of usable area multiplied by the duration of the shift determines the potential for efficient use of the production capacity of this area. The resulting figure is measured in square-meter-hours.

The ratio of practical workload to those metro hours that are back-up gives the definition of the coefficient of production space utilization.

When analyzing this factor, the following characteristics are also determined: the number of products produced per 1 sq.m of production area, the specific indicator of the area involved in common territory factory.

Determining the reserve potential in the conditions of effective use of the production capacity of the enterprise

Assessment of the level of impact of the use of fixed assets on the amount of output is the basis for analyzing the use of the production capacity of the enterprise. In this case, the deviation of practical characteristics from the planned ones or from one-time outstanding ones is determined. maximum performance. The differences obtained when taking into account the production of a unit of equipment or a section are taken into account in the calculation of the reserve potential of production.

When evaluating the work of technical equipment and drawing up an appropriate plan in production with multifunctional units, all equipment is grouped depending on various specifications. The resulting groups, if necessary, are divided into subgroups. The composition of one group is determined by machines with similar performance indicators and those that are interchangeable during one production cycle. After such a differentiation of equipment, one group acts as a unit that participates in the analysis of workload and the determination of a potential reserve. The result of the work carried out is the development of measures aimed at increasing the efficiency of the use of the fleet of vehicles.

If units of a narrow focus with rare characteristics are involved in the production process, each of them is differentiated as a separate subgroup for analysis and planning of their operation. On production lines, the entire line acts as a separate subgroup.

The impact of the main number of reasons on the use of the production capacity of the enterprise is analyzed simple formulas. There are also those factors, the influence of which can be calculated by determining the correlation dependencies.

How is it possible to increase the production capacity of the enterprise

To improve the efficiency of the use of production equipment, the following measures can be taken:

  • reduction of the main time spent on one product unit;
  • reduction of additional time expenses;
  • reduction of the temporary fund of operated equipment;
  • reduction of time spent on unjustified and unproductive workload.

The basis for carrying out these activities is the improvement of the main fleet of machines, the progressive change in equipment and technologies, and the improvement of coordination and labor discipline.

Increasing the efficiency of the use of production areas occurs through the abolition of auxiliary and service areas, the use of lifting and transport equipment, the introduction of progressive methods for manufacturing the product, which increase the value of product output per unit area.

1. Reducing the main time spent on one product unit.

Progressive change in technology and technology, the use of flexible integrated processes, coordination and specification of labor, improving the qualifications of personnel has a direct impact on the production capacity of the enterprise and its level. practical application with reduced time spent per unit of output.

The most significant is the introduction of technological innovations that shorten the stages of the production cycle. Examples of methods that intensify production are an increase in the power or speed of the units, an increase in pressure and temperature standards, the use of chemical catalysts, and so on.

Important in reducing the work of machine units is the quality of raw materials.

2. Reducing the additional time spent on one product unit.

Additional time spent in production is eliminated by the following measures: the use of more productive equipment, tools and technological resources, the use of automation at the stages of the production cycle.

On the practical experience of many manufacturing companies the production capacity of the enterprise is necessarily analyzed, the definition and study of the structure of which showed that in-line production is the most effective form of organization of the technological process. The location of units and workplaces along the production process, the rhythm and continuity of the main and auxiliary operations, the use of special equipment for transferring products between cycle operations - all this significantly reduces additional time costs (waiting for a tool, downtime, hitches, etc.)

1. Production capacity of the enterprise: concept, types, planning stages

2. Calculation production capacity

3. Production capacity Russian Federation

4. Technical condition of production facilities

Productive capacity - this the maximum possible output of a production unit (industries, enterprises, its divisions, workplace) for a certain .

Productive capacity enterprises: concept, types, stages of planning

The volume of fixed production assets and the degree of their use is determined by the production capacity of the enterprise.

The production capacity of an enterprise (workshop or production site) is characterized by the maximum amount of products of the appropriate quality and range that it can produce per unit of time with full use of fixed production assets under optimal operating conditions.

The simplest and most accurate meters of production capacity are natural units. Production capacities are measured, as a rule, in the same units in which the production of this product is planned in physical terms (tons, pieces, meters). For example, the production capacity of mining enterprises is determined in tons of mining, metallurgical enterprises - in tons of metal smelting and rolled products; machine-building plants - in pieces of manufactured machines; capacity of sugar refineries and other food processing enterprises industry- in tons of raw materials processed into finished products.

During each planning period, production capacity may change. The longer the planned period, the higher such changes. The main reasons for the changes are:

Installation of new pieces of equipment to replace obsolete or emergency ones;

Depreciation of equipment;

Commissioning of new capacities;

Change in equipment productivity due to intensification of its operation mode or due to a change in the quality of raw materials, etc.

Equipment (replacement of nodes, blocks, transport elements, etc.);

Changes in the structure of raw materials, composition of raw materials or semi-finished products;

Duration work equipment during the planned period taking into account stops for repairs, preventive maintenance, technological breaks;

Production specialization;

Mode work equipment (cyclic, continuous);

Repairs and ongoing maintenance.

The following factors influence the value of production capacity:

1. Technical factors:

The quantitative composition of fixed assets and their structure;

Qualitative composition of fixed assets;

Degree of mechanization and automation of technological processes;

The quality of the raw material.

2. Organizational factors:

Degree of specialization, concentration, cooperation of production;

Level companies production, labor and management.

3. Economic factors:

Forms of remuneration and incentives for employees.

4. Social factors:

Qualification level of employees, their professionalism;

General education level of training.

Production capacities can be considered from different positions, based on this, they determine the theoretical, maximum, economic, practical capacity.

The calculation of production capacity is carried out in units of product measurement. The capacity of a larger production unit is determined by the capacity of its leading unit: the capacity of a site is determined by the capacity of the leading group of equipment; workshop capacity - according to the leading section; the capacity of the enterprise - according to the leading workshop. The leading division is considered to be the one in which a significant part of the production fixed assets is concentrated, performing the main technological operations for the manufacture of products. Sum of capacities individual enterprises for the same type of product is the production capacity industries for this type of product.

When calculating production capacity, data on:

production fixed assets;

the mode of operation of the equipment and the use of space;

progressive standards for the productivity of equipment and the labor intensity of trade items;

workers' qualifications.

If the productivity of the equipment is known, then the production capacity is determined as the product of the passport productivity of the equipment per unit of time and the planned fund of the time of its operation; in the conditions of multi-product production - as a quotient from dividing the fund of equipment operation time by the complexity of the set trade items produced on this equipment.

The degree of use of production capacity is characterized by the coefficient of use of production capacity, which is equal to the ratio of the annual money issue production to the average annual capacity of the given year. To ensure the planned volume of production and determine the need for natural growth, a balance of production capacities is drawn up.

Production capacity calculation

Productive capacity industries industry, enterprises, its divisions, the maximum possible release high quality products or the volume of processing of raw materials per unit of time (usually within a year). In the socialist countries, production capacity is determined in terms of the range and quantitative ratios established by the plan, taking into account the fullest use of production equipment, areas, advanced technology and firms labor. The calculation of the production capacity of the enterprise is carried out in units of measurement of products adopted in the plan. The simplest and most accurate are natural units of measurement (in products, parts, pieces, tons). According to the capacity of the leading group of equipment, the capacity of the section is determined, according to the leading section - the capacity of the workshop, according to the leading workshop - the capacity of the enterprise. The calculation takes into account measures to eliminate bottlenecks. A significant part of the production fixed assets is concentrated in the leading division, the main technological operations for the manufacture of products are performed. The sum of the capacities of individual enterprises for the same type of product is the production capacity of the industry for this type of product.

To calculate the production capacity, the following initial data: production fixed assets, equipment operation mode and space utilization, progressive equipment productivity and labor intensity standards trade items, qualification of workers. If the productivity of the equipment is known, then the production capacity is determined as the product of the passport productivity of the equipment per unit of time and the planned fund of the time of its operation; in conditions of multi-product production - as a quotient of dividing the fund of equipment operation time by the labor intensity of a set of trade items (parts) manufactured on this equipment.


Production capacity is a dynamic value, changing with the development of technology, the growth of labor efficiency, the improvement of the company's production and labor, and the increase in the cultural and technical level of workers. According to the methodology in force in the industry of the USSR, the production capacity is set on January 1 of the accounting year (input) and on January 1 of the next year (output). The average annual power is also determined. With a uniform increase in power during the year, its average annual value is equal to half the sum of the input and output powers. In other cases, the average annual production capacity is determined as the sum of the capacity at the beginning of the year and the average annual capacity added minus the average annual capacity retired.

The degree of production capacity utilization is characterized by the capacity utilization factor, which is expressed as the ratio of the annual issue of securities of the product to the average annual capacity of the given year. To ensure the planned volume of production and determine the need for an increase in the capacity of the growth i balance production capacity.

Production capacity Russian Federation

Power industry Russian Federation is one of the largest energy complexes in the world, almost completely equipped with domestic equipment, using its own fuel resources, covering the needs country in electrical and thermal energy and providing electricity. At the end of 2000, the total installed capacity of all power plants in the Russian Federation was 213.3 thousand MW, including thermal - 147.3 thousand MW (69.0%), hydraulic - 44.3 thousand MW (20.8% ), nuclear - 21.7 thousand MW (10.2%). Of the total capacity of thermal stations, the capacity of cogeneration plants (CHP) is 56.8%, condensing (CPP) - 42.3%.

The technical basis of the Russian electric power industry is 432 public power plants with an installed capacity of 196.2 thousand MW, including 334 TPPs with a capacity of 131.0 thousand MW, 98 HPPs with a capacity of 44.0 thousand MW and 10 nuclear power plants with a capacity of 21.2 thousand MW. MW.

At the end of 2000, the total installed capacity of power plants producing electricity in the network of the UPS of the Russian Federation, amounted to 192.2 thousand MW, including thermal (TPP) - 68%, hydraulic ( hydroelectric power station) - 21%, nuclear (NPP) - 11%.

IN last decade in the context of a fall in the index of industrial production and a corresponding decrease in consumption by 20% electricity and its production, the use of installed capacity by all types of AO-energo power plants is extremely low: in 2000, the total level of installed capacity use was 47.92%, including 46.32% for TPPs, hydroelectric power station- 42.50%, for nuclear power plants - 69.07%. For stations of the federal level, this indicator was equal for TPPs - 38.15%, for HPPs - 54.85%.

Technical condition of production facilities

Regulators underestimate the economically justified level of tariffs for electricity and thermal energy, and, as a result, lending to consumers with cheap energy, led to underinvestment in the electric power industry in the field of updating production capacities. As a result of physical depreciation technological equipment, the available capacity of public power plants does not exceed today 163.5 thousand MW, and the used capacity is 140.0 thousand MW.


The volume of equipment that has exhausted its park resource is growing sharply (the park resource is understood as the minimum reliable service life at which equipment failure will not occur). By 2001, 30% of steam turbines at TPPs with a total capacity of 39.6 thousand MW had exhausted their fleet life. By the end of 2005, 45% of TPP steam turbines with a total capacity of 59.3 thousand MW will be depleted, by 2010 - 62% of TPP steam turbines or 80.5 thousand MW, and by 2015 - 72% of steam turbines or 94 .6 thousand MW.


For HPPs, where turbine equipment with a total capacity of 21.6 thousand MW (50% of their installed capacity) has already reached its standard service life, a technical re-equipment concept has been developed that provides for refurbishment or comprehensive reconstruction. According to preliminary estimates, the refurbishment will extend the life of the HPP by 15 years at a cost of only 15%-25% of the cost of a comprehensive reconstruction

Sources

bse.sci-lib.com Great Soviet Encyclopedia

en.wikipedia.org Wikipedia - the free encyclopedia

cis2000.ru Computer Information Systems


Encyclopedia of the investor. 2013 .

  • Reference book of a technical translator - industries, enterprises, its divisions calculated, the maximum possible volume of output per unit of time with the fullest use of existing equipment and space, labor, given ... ... Economic and Mathematical Dictionary

    • Productive capacity- - the estimated maximum possible output of products per unit of time under certain conditions. [GOST 14.004 83] Term heading: Economics Encyclopedia headings: Abrasive equipment, Abrasives, Roads ... Encyclopedia of terms, definitions and explanations of building materials

    Productive capacity- 34. Production capacity Estimated maximum possible output of products per unit of time under certain conditions

What is the production capacity of an enterprise? This concept includes the volume of the maximum probable output. In this case, certain conditions must be observed. First, all released goods must necessarily have high quality. In addition, the equipment must be fully involved in the production process.

The calculation is made taking into account the introduced advanced technology and modern technology, with the most high level in the organization of all links, as well as under other optimal conditions.

Varieties of indicators

The production capacity of the enterprise is measured in the same units as the volume of production. These include the cost expression of output, conditionally natural and natural units. In the course of the enterprise's operation, the value of the production capacity indicator undergoes certain changes. This happens in connection with the commissioning of new equipment and the decommissioning of worn-out equipment. Such actions lead to a change in the quantitative values ​​of the volume of goods that are produced by the enterprise. There are only 3 types of power. All of them are classified as industrial. First of all, it is the input power. It is calculated at the beginning of the period for which planning is carried out. There is power output. It is calculated at the end of the scheduled period. And, finally, the third type is the average annual indicator.

Calculation of the value of production capacity

For the correct planning of the work of the enterprise, it is imperative to determine the volume of products that will be produced by them. The production capacity of the enterprise is directly dependent on the capacity of the leading divisions. These include those sections or workshops that are entrusted with the task of performing the most massive, responsible and labor-intensive work. If we take the engineering industry, then the leading divisions of its enterprises are assembly and machine shops. For metallurgy, these are open-hearth, blast furnaces and melting furnaces.

Conditions for calculation

When determining the volume of finished products, some points must certainly be taken into account:

1. The production capacity of the enterprise is calculated from the bottom up. This chain moves from homogeneous equipment to a specific production site. After grouping all the information, the calculation covers each workshop and ends with the entire enterprise.
2. When calculating the value of the production capacity of each unit, the norms for piece time, as well as output, are taken into account. At the same time, the entire range of manufactured products is taken into account in special formulas.

3. The volume of finished products is determined on the target date. This is necessary due to the variability of the indicator during decommissioning or commissioning of equipment, and also due to the need to apply new process conditions, etc.
4. The calculation for assembly shops is required to be made not according to the equipment available in them, but according to their production area.
5. The preliminary determination of the volume of output should not take into account the loss of working time caused by certain shortcomings in the technical and organizational support of the production process. Marriage is not taken into account. Only those inevitable losses of time that are within the approved standard are subject to accounting.

Special cases

In practice, situations arise when the production capacity of individual units differs from the capacity of the leading link. In this case, discrepancies can be both up and down. In this situation, there are divisions of the enterprise that are not synchronized in terms of capacity.

In the event that calculations indicate an excess of this indicator of one of the divisions over the same indicator of the leading link, certain measures should be taken immediately. The administration of the enterprise must either maximize the use of the excess capacity available, or agree that the reserve equipment will be located in this unit. If the calculations made indicate a larger indicator of production capacity at the main leading link, then the problem of the so-called bottleneck arises. Then the manager must decide to expand the problematic unit. For this purpose, additional jobs can be introduced, the time of using the equipment can be increased, or one-time orders are transferred to the side.

Calculation sequence

Determining the volume of products produced using the equipment available at the enterprise goes through the following stages:

The indicator of production capacity is calculated for the leading group of machines and equipment operating in the leading section;
- the capacity of the enterprise determined by the calculation is analyzed to identify bottlenecks of the entire production complex;
certain management decisions are made to eliminate problem areas;

Newly appeared bottlenecks are installed;
- calculation of the value of production capacity;
- coefficients are established that characterize the use of the entire production capacity, both for individual units and for the enterprise as a whole.

Production capacity indicators

The maximum probable volume of finished products is calculated under the condition of the best organization of labor and under ideal conditions for the flow of the technological process. In reality, this is impossible to achieve. That is why the actual volume of output is always lower than that which corresponds to the calculated indicator. To adjust planning, it becomes necessary to determine the level of use of the enterprise's capacities. In quantitative terms, this value is equal to the ratio of the actual annual output to the indicator of output determined for the same period. The level obtained during the calculation, showing the percentage of the use of the entire production capacity, directly depends on the internal and external factors that manifest themselves in relation to the technological process. The first of them include those that are directly related to the release of products (modernization of equipment, mode of operation, etc.). BUT external factors represent the state of the market, the competitiveness of goods, the demand for them, etc.

Conditions for increasing the volume of output

In market conditions, the most important factor in increasing the efficiency of an enterprise is an increase in the use of production capacities. However, this makes sense only when the entire volume of goods produced will be in consumer demand. Otherwise, there will be an overstocking of the enterprise with products.

If the market is well developed and the demand for products is high, then eighty to eighty-five percent of the production capacity can be used. If the necessary conditions are not met, then the amount of equipment involved in the process can fall to a factor of 0.3.

A parameter indicating the possibility of growth

The production potential of an enterprise is an indicator that characterizes the ability of an enterprise to produce goods. Some economists consider this concept analogous to production capacity. However, there is no consensus on this issue. In separate works, the production potential is considered as a certain set of enterprise resources without taking into account technological processes. In another interpretation, this concept takes into account only those resources, the use of which contributes to the reproduction of material wealth.

Under production capacity The enterprise is understood as the maximum possible output of products in a certain range, assortment, of the appropriate quality in the planned period with the fullest use of equipment and production facilities, taking into account the use of advanced technology.

Production capacity is determined by the range of manufactured products, taking into account the profile of the enterprise. In conditions when the activity of the enterprise is focused on meeting the demand of consumers, the production capacity is determined based on the portfolio of orders. Production capacity is measured, as a rule, in physical terms or in conventional units of measurement adopted in the plan.

The concepts of "production capacity" and "production program" are not identical. If the first shows the ability of the enterprise under certain conditions to produce the maximum amount of products per unit of time, then the second characterizes the degree of use of capacity in this period of time.

When determining production capacity, one should proceed from the following provisions:

    calculation of production capacity is carried out for the entire range of products manufactured by the enterprise. In the conditions of multi-product production, the production capacity is calculated according to typical representatives established for homogeneous groups of products. The criterion for bringing homogeneous products to one type is the coefficient of labor intensity;

    the production capacity of an enterprise (workshop) is determined by the capacity of the leading divisions (workshops, sections), taking into account measures to eliminate bottlenecks. Leading division it is considered one in which the main technological operations for the manufacture of products are performed; where the largest share of total living labor is spent and where main part fixed assets. For example, for machine-building enterprises, assembly and machine shops are leading. Under " bottleneck» means the discrepancy between the capacities of individual workshops, sections, groups of equipment and the capacities of the departments for which the capacity of the workshop, the entire enterprise is established. Suppose that if a machine-building enterprise includes the procurement, mechanical and assembly workshops in the main workshops, and the mechanical workshop is determined as the leader, then the capacity of the entire enterprise will be determined by the capacity of the mechanical workshop. At the same time, the capacity of the procurement and assembly shops and its ratio with the capacity of the leading shop will be calculated, as a result of which “narrow” or “wide” places will be revealed. In turn, under broad place» means the excess of the capacity of individual units of the capacity of the enterprise (workshop) as a whole;

    the calculation of capacity is carried out for all production units of the enterprise in sequence from the lowest to the highest: a group of technologically homogeneous equipment → production site → shop → the enterprise as a whole. At the same time, the capacity of the subdivisions is determined, "narrow" and "wide" places are identified. Debottlenecking helps to increase the level of capacity utilization of the respective unit;

    production capacity is dynamic. She is subject to change. Therefore, the calculation of production capacity is tied to a specific date - at the beginning and end of the planning period.

The calculation of production capacity is based on the following data: the quantitative composition of the equipment; equipment operation mode; progressive technical standards of labor intensity or equipment productivity; range of manufactured products.

The quantitative composition of the equipment. The calculation of production capacity includes all production equipment assigned to this unit: both operating and inactive due to malfunction, repair, modernization, lack of load. The following is not taken into account: 1) equipment of auxiliary departments of the enterprise (for example, mechanical-repair, instrumental, electromechanical), as well as sections of the same purpose in the main production shops; 2) backup equipment.

For shops of a number of enterprises (for example, light industry), as well as assembly shops of machine-building enterprises, the main factor in determining capacity is production areas. Auxiliary areas are not taken into account.

The operating mode of the equipment is set based on the specific production conditions and from the maximum possible fund of equipment operation time:

a) for enterprises with a continuous production process, the maximum possible fund of time is equal to the number calendar days in a year multiplied by 24 hours, minus the time required for capital and scheduled preventive repairs;

b) in discontinuous production, the maximum possible time fund is determined by the formula:

where – calendar fund of equipment operation time in days;
- the number of days off in a year;
- number public holidays per year;
- the number of shifts;
- duration of one shift in hours;
- time spent on capital and scheduled preventive repairs, hour; – reduction of working hours on all pre-holiday days, hour.

Technical standards of labor intensity or equipment productivity. To calculate the production capacity, technical design performance standards are used. Provided that they are achieved, progressive norms based on the steady achievement of the foremost are taken into account. In mechanical engineering, the indicators achieved by the best workers, constituting 20-25% of all workers, for the best quarter are taken as sustainable.

Nomenclature of manufactured products. The production capacity is determined for each item of manufactured products in the planning period. But in multi-product industries (engineering, sewing, knitwear, etc.), the production program can only in rare cases be included in the calculation of power without preliminary processing. It is brought into a more convenient form. To do this, the nomenclature is enlarged by combining different product names into groups according to design and technological similarity and bringing each group to one basic representative product.

At enterprises equipped with the same type of equipment, production capacity can be determined by the formula:

,

where Q– quantity of equipment, pcs.;
- regime fund of the operating time of a piece of equipment, hour; P - technical norm of productivity of this equipment, pieces / hour.

In multi-product production, due to the lack of performance data for most process equipment, the following formula is used:

,

where
- labor intensity of a set of products manufactured on this equipment, norm-hour / piece.

The production capacity, calculated on the basis of the maximum value of all its components, is the initial one and determines inputpower, that is, the capacity at the beginning of the planning period, usually a year. During the year, production capacity undergoes a change due to the commissioning (increase) of new capacities and the disposal of capacities. The increase in capacity can be achieved through:

    implementation of measures to eliminate "bottlenecks";

    increasing the productivity of equipment through modernization;

    increasing the amount of equipment;

    redistribution of work between individual types and groups of equipment;

    possible increase in equipment shifts;

    enterprise reconstruction;

    commissioning of capacity due to the expansion of the enterprise and as a result of new construction, etc.

Disposal of production capacity is possible in the event of liquidation of fixed assets due to physical and moral depreciation, lease of equipment (leasing), liquidation of capacities due to force majeure, and for other reasons.

A change in the range of manufactured products can lead to both an increase and a decrease in production capacity.

As a result, the production capacity at the end of the planning period is output power– is defined as follows:

where
- production capacity at the beginning of the planning period (input capacity);
– commissioning of capacities as a result of construction of new, expansion of existing capacities;
– power increase due to reconstruction;
- increase in capacity as a result of technical re-equipment and other organizational and technical measures;
– increase (decrease) in capacities due to changes in the product range;
- a decrease in power due to its retirement due to dilapidation and wear and other reasons.

In order to determine the amount of power that will actually function during the planned year, determine the value average annual power:

,

where
And
- respectively input and output production capacities in i-th month of the planning period;
- the number of months of operation of the input i-th month of capacities until the end of the year;
- the number of months until the end of the year during which those who retired from work will not function i th month of power.

Design production capacity- the capacity provided by the project of new construction, reconstruction or expansion of the enterprise (workshop). The development of the design capacity is carried out gradually, in accordance with the approved standards. Timely and full development of design capacities is of great importance and is a reserve for increasing the volume of production. With the full development of the design capacity, it is transformed into capacity at the beginning of the planning period (input capacity).

All types of production capacity are reflected in the balance of production capacity, which can be developed by enterprises. The balance is drawn up according to the nomenclature and assortment of products. If there are divisions within an enterprise with a closed production cycle for the production of homogeneous products, the production capacity of the enterprise is determined by the sum of the capacities of these divisions.

So, the balance reflects: production capacity at the beginning of the year; changes (increase, decrease) in power per year; average annual production capacity; the level of use of the average annual capacity.

As already mentioned, production capacity is measured for each type of product in natural units of measurement or conditionally natural. But along with the natural measurement in enterprises with heterogeneous output, cost meters can also be used.

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