Fathers and sons meaning. The meaning of the name fathers and sons

Option I

The novel "Fathers and Sons" was written in the second half of the 19th century by the remarkable Russian writer I. S. Turgenev. Immediately after its appearance, it became one of the best works in Russian classics and remains popular to this day. There are many reasons for this. Indeed, the novel touches on the themes of love, family relationships, friendship, as well as the conflict between the older and new generation, which is relevant at all times. At the same time, the author not only described the events, but also masterfully analyzed the psychology of each individual character.

A special place is given to the title of the novel. Initially, it suggests that we will talk about the conflict of two generations and the contradictions between them. In fact, the author wanted to convey a deeper meaning with this name. Fathers and children are not only parents and their descendants. These are mature people living on the thoughts of the past generation and liberal-democratic youth who have come to destroy their conservative thinking. The writer himself did not consider himself a conservative, or a raznochintsy revolutionary. He did not like serfdom and stood closer to the liberals. In his novel, he tried to reflect as best as possible a certain stage in the history of Russia, considering current events.

The novel "Fathers and Sons" is rather a work about the struggle of various worldviews and socio-political groups. In it, the old noble intelligentsia is faced with a new revolutionary raznochinnoy group. In my opinion, the author refers only to the camp of "children" Bazarov. While in the camp of the "fathers" he ranks even the young Arkady and his beloved Katya. Throughout the novel there is a struggle between these two camps, and there is no one who would fully support the ideas of the protagonist. Bazarov is always in sharp opposition to society and the way of life adopted in it. His clashes with the true representative of the nobility, Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, are especially vividly depicted. These are not just small quarrels over a cup of tea, but it comes to a duel.

After reading the novel, we can conclude that the author sympathizes with Bazarov in his own way. This is noticeable in small disputes and large conflicts, in which he always comes out victorious. Moreover, his willpower, moral superiority and fundamental conviction of being right are often shown. At the end of the novel, the hero was overtaken by death. According to the plot of the novel, this is an ordinary accident, but, according to Turgenev, it is not. With this development of the plot, the author wanted to show that people are akin to Bazarov, while there is no place in society. In particular, they are premature for Russia and there is no real case for them. The great merit of the writer himself is that he was able to masterfully show the spirit of the era and the existing conflict between the Democrats and the Conservatives.

Option II

Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev is one of the best writers of the 19th century, whose works made up an impressive part of the golden fund of Russian classics. Perhaps the best novel he wrote is Fathers and Sons. In it, he put his entire vision of his contemporary era, revealing the main socially significant problems that exist between the past and future generations.

The protagonist of his immortal work, Yevgeny Vasilyevich Bazarov, is a young medical student who considers himself among the people of innovative views. According to the nature and form of behavior, he can be ranked among the "superfluous" people, since he did not find like-minded people among those around him. The theory that he preached was called "nihilism", that is, the complete denial of the existence of God, love, attachments, and everything that has developed over the centuries in human society.

The title of the novel eloquently makes us understand that we are talking about the eternal conflict between the older and younger generations. However, the conflict that Turgenev describes does not affect Bazarov's relationship with his own parents, or Arkady Kirsanov's relationship with his father. The opponent of the ideas of the newly-minted nihilist is Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, a true aristocrat and a man who has experienced a strong love shock in his life. Bazarov is sure that love is not the main thing in life.

He tries to be above love and not feel any attachment to women. Even the game that he fleetingly started around Fenechka was caused only by the desire to offend Pavel Petrovich, to assert himself, to prove something to himself and others. Kirsanov Sr., unable to withstand the challenge addressed to him, challenges the "nihilist" to a secret duel. It seems to him that Fenechka's honor is under threat. In fact, Eugene is deeply indifferent to this girl, like any other.

During the duel, he slightly wounds Pavel Petrovich, and then he himself gives him a helping hand. This is his way of showing his superiority over those who disagree with him. In fact, Bazarov is a deeply unhappy person, doomed to loneliness because of his controversial nature. Another ideological defeat awaited him in his personal field, when he got to know Odintsova better and made sure of her favorable attitude, he pushed her away and decided to end the relationship.

Even to his parents, who sincerely loved him despite all the shortcomings, he was rather cruel. He did not allow them to openly show their love towards him, but he treated them dryly. Only before his death did Bazarov realize the futility of his "nihilism". He confessed everything in a letter to Odintsova and asked not to leave his old people, whom he now called the best people in the world.

Pavel Petrovich, in turn, left for Dresden and continued to live alone, without changing his aristocratic manners. Kirsanov's father and son married their beloved women and lived in perfect harmony, doing household chores. For them, the death of Bazarov was also an unexpected blow, but had little effect on the usual course of life.

Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev is one of the most remarkable writers of the 19th century. His works reflect the most important issues of political and social life. The writer himself did not join either the raznochintsy revolutionaries or the conservatives. Turgenev was closest to the liberals, but one of the most important features of his work is the desire to understand everything that is happening in the country, to understand the positions of different political camps.

A very striking novel, reflecting a certain period in the historical life of the Russian Federation, is the novel “Fathers and Sons”, written in 1861 and published in 1862. The title of the work suggests that it will resolve the age-old issue of contradictions between generations, but in fact the writer is worried about something completely different. “Fathers” are those who live in the thoughts of the past generation, while “children” are new people who have come to break the conservative structure of life. In the novel, Turgenev tries to understand, comprehend the goals and worldview of this new man, a commoner by birth, a democrat by political views, to determine what is the meaning of his searches. But many questions are unclear to Turgenev and therefore do not find clear answers in the work. “Fathers and Sons” is a novel about the struggle between the worldviews of two political and social groups: the old liberal noble intelligentsia and the new, revolutionary-democratic, raznochintsy intelligentsia. It is curious that only the democrat-raznochinets Bazarov belongs to the camp of “children”, while all the rest, including young people - Arkady and Katya, belong to the camp of “fathers”.

The novel is structured in such a way that the main character is in a hostile environment. We do not see Bazarov next to our like-minded people, we do not see him in great social work, in the struggle. We see him surrounded by lordly society, in sharp opposition to him.

The most significant works of Russian literature of the 19th century are distinguished by the formulation of the most important social, philosophical, and ethical issues of their time. The richness of the problematics is one of the main qualities characteristic of the works of Russian classical literature. This quality is clearly manifested in their titles, which often express the essence of the problems raised in a conditional, generalized form. A special group is made up of titles containing antitheses: "War and Peace", "Crime and Punishment", "Wolves and Sheep". These include "Fathers and Sons" by I.S. Turgenev. This is the author's most famous novel. What is he talking about? Why does it retain its value for us now? To understand the work, it is important to understand the meaning of its title. It's not as easy as it might seem. The title of the novel contains no direct explanation. Rather, it represents the task set before the readers. Finding a solution to it means joining those ideas that were embodied in artistic form in Turgenev's novel.
Focusing on the title, it is necessary to take into account its role and place in the artistic system, which is any literary work. As is known, three sides are distinguished in the latter: subject, verbal and compositional. The main elements of the objective world of the work are the characters considered within the framework of the plot. The title is often associated with the indicated elements. The most important side of a literary work - its speech structure - is also manifested in the title, which is a verbal construction that not only indicates the subject, but also reflects the author's choice of the most appropriate words. In addition, the title, being the absolute beginning of the text, has an important compositional function, uniting all elements of the artistic system. Their above-mentioned connection with the title emphasizes the special role of the latter and outlines the directions in which it is advisable to analyze the title of the novel "Fathers and Sons".
In the introduction, it was pointed out to the group of titles of works by Russian classics, to which "Fathers and Sons" adjoin. A closer look allows us to single out a certain feature in the title under consideration in comparison with the named novels by Tolstoy and Dostoevsky. "War and Peace", "Crime and Punishment" as titles contain opposition and comparison of abstract concepts. "Fathers and Sons" contains an indication of the characters and their arrangement, generalizes the system of characters in the novel. In the mind of the reader, enriched by worldly experience, fathers and children are thought of as an inseparable and often conflicting pair. This is another feature when comparing it, for example, with "Wolves and Sheep" by A.N. Ostrovsky.
What kind of conflict is set by the very title of the novel? The change of generations, the displacement of the old by the new is a manifestation of a general life pattern. Turgenev's novel is hardly a simple illustration of this thought, brilliantly expressed by Pushkin in the second chapter of Eugene Onegin:
Alas! on the reins of life
The instant harvest of a generation,
By the secret will of providence,
Rise, mature and fall;
Others follow...
Turgenev focuses on the features of a specific manifestation of a general pattern. In this regard, the novel turned out to be very topical. In another way, we can say that modern life material was comprehended by Turgenev from the standpoint of universal concepts. This position of the writer predetermined the presence of a second, deep layer of the content of the novel, in which "eternal" themes are put forward. The modern everyday and the eternal collide in the novel, creating its multidimensionality, making the picture of the image of reality more complex, more vital. It is no coincidence that the novel begins with the exact date (May 20, 1859), but ends with Turgenev's heartfelt words about "eternal reconciliation and endless life ...". It should be noted that such an understanding of the novel is in conflict with the widespread view of it by D.I. Pisarev, who focused on the level of the ideological conflict between the young and older generations. The critic tried to solve the problem of "fathers and sons" practically, exploring "how the ideas and aspirations that stir in our young generation act on a person, like Turgenev ...". For Pisarev, Turgenev is "one of the best people of the past generation." It is striking that the critic does not leave the author the right to be the main spokesman for the ideas of his novel. His "opinions and judgments", "expressed in inimitably vivid images, will only provide materials for characterizing the past generation in the face of one of its best representatives." Pisarev saw the "deduced phenomena of life" as very close to himself, so close "that all of our young generation with their aspirations and ideas can recognize themselves in the characters of this novel." It was this proximity that turned out to be the main factor that influenced the opinion of the author of a critical analysis of the novel in 1862. It is no coincidence that the analysis is named after the protagonist, in whom, according to critics, the whole meaning of the novel is concentrated: “today young people are carried away and go to extremes, but fresh strength and an incorruptible mind are reflected in the hobbies themselves; this strength and this mind ... will lead young people to a straight path and support them in life. Therefore, a critic could write such words: “When such a person as Bazarov died ... then is it worth following the fate of people like Arkady, Nikolai Petrovich, Sitnikov?” Meanwhile, in our opinion, the fate of these characters is directly related to the general meaning of the novel, the key to which lies in its title.
Let's not blame Pisarev for narrowing, in our opinion, the meaning of the novel and, accordingly, the meaning of its title. The depth of Turgenev's work was revealed from a certain historical distance. It is possible that new touches will be added in the future! to the understanding of "Fathers and Sons".
At the plot level, the title "Fathers and Sons" sets the theme of the relationship between two generations of the thinking part of Russian society in the 60s of the XIX century. It was the time of the emergence in Russia of a new social force - the raznochintsy intelligentsia. The nobility no longer reigned supreme in society. Turgenev captured the social conflict of his time, the conflict between the nobles and the "third" estate, which actively entered the historical arena.
The main representatives of these social forces in the novel are Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov and Evgeny Bazarov. Turgenev emphasizes the democracy of Bazarov and the aristocracy of Kirsanov even with small, but very characteristic details. Let's compare the description of the characters in the same situation: with a handshake. Getting acquainted with Bazarov, Nikolai Petrovich squeezes "his naked red hand, which he did not immediately give to him." And here is another description: Pavel Petrovich took out his beautiful hand with long pink nails from the pocket of his trousers - a hand that seemed even more beautiful from the snowy whiteness of the sleeve buttoned with a single large opal, and gave it to his nephew. The main thing is the difference in the clothes of the heroes and their attitude towards it. Bazarov says: “Just order me to steal my suitcase there and this clothes.” Bazarov's "Clothes" - "a long hoodie with tassels." It is no coincidence that at the same "instant" Pavel Petrovich appears, "dressed in a dark English suit, a fashionable low tie and patent leather ankle boots." Let's think about how you can comprehend the opposition of heroes by clothes. It is clear that behind Bazarov's negligence is his "nihilism", and behind Kirsanov's sophistication - his "principles". However, we must not forget that before us are people of different ages, different generations. Each generation has its own fashion, including clothing. Fathers and children should be different from each other. External difference is only a mark of distinction of internal. Without it, there will be no development. Time does not stand still. The son repeats his father at a new level, this can be seen in the example of Arkady and Nikolai Petrovich. However, the main question is what the new generation brings.
I would like to believe that history is on the path of progress. But aren't there costs? All this is “embedded” in the concept of “fathers and children”, which, in relation to Turgenev’s novel, does not boil down to an unambiguous opposition between “fathers” (liberal noblemen) and “children” (democrats). The political conflict is perhaps the main conflict of Turgenev's time, but not of Turgenev's novel. The clash of the main characters reveals the deepest difference in their entire worldview, and it cannot be sharply isolated in each generation. In this environment, the new causes an alarm, attracts intense attention in order to figure out what is being denied, what is being offered in return. And here the “childish” trait of Bazarov is manifested, for whom it is easier to deny than to create. "Fathers" in some way turn out to be, as it should be, wiser than "children", until the latter, in turn, become fathers. The "fathers" do not deny either Raphael or Pushkin, they themselves embody a certain life experience. He receives new coverage when Bazarov repeats the situation of Pavel Petrovich. At the same time, a new life, a new environment “leaves aside” such people as the Kirsanov brothers. Nikolai Petrovich himself agrees that "our song is sung." However, the "children", displacing the "fathers", themselves turn out to be powerless in the face of time. Bazarov is acutely aware of this in the scene where he says: “... and the part of the time that I will be able to live is so insignificant before eternity, where I was not and will not be ...” The problem of “fathers and children” gets in Turgenev’s novel philosophical generalization.
What does the title of the novel represent verbally? The expression "fathers" and "children" in the context of the novel is ambiguous. Bazarov and Arkady's fathers are participants in the plot. Direct family ties of other characters are mentioned. However, the title of the novel is metaphorical. Under the "fathers" can be understood the entire older generation, which is being replaced by the young - "children". It is important to note the figurativeness of the name. The thought contained in it would be difficult to express with the help of abstract concepts, for example: "Old and new." How many different semantic nuances did not enter here!
The title of Turgenev's novel has an important organizing function. The theme of "fathers" and "children" literally permeates the entire narrative. Already at the very beginning, Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov is presented to readers both as a father, waiting for his son, "who, like himself once, received the title of candidate," and as the son of a "combat general of 1812." In the tenth chapter, he recalls how he once said to his mother that “you, they say, cannot understand me; we supposedly belong to two different generations.” "Now it's our turn..." - continues Nikolai Petrovich. In the stories of heroes, oppositions of generations are constantly outlined. So, Bazarov says about his parents: “I think: it’s good for my parents to live in the world! My father is busy at the age of sixty, and my mother is well: her day is so crammed with all sorts of activities, ahs and oohs, that she has no time to come to her senses, and I ... ”Nikolai Petrovich’s thoughts are especially significant in the eleventh chapter, when rn clearly realized his separation with son. “Brother says that we are right,” he thought, “and it seems to me that they are further from the truth than we are, but at the same time I feel that there is something behind them that we do not have, which something advantage over us... Youth? No: not only youth.
In Turgenev's novel, the motive for change sounds. "Transformations are necessary..." Arkady thinks as he and his father drive up to the estate. “Formerly there were Hegelists, and now there are nihilists,” exclaims Pavel Petrovich. The motive for change is also heard in the epilogue. Bazarov turned out to be excluded from life. His companion Arkady himself became a father and followed the path of his father. However, he achieves better results in the farm, and the "farm" already brings a fairly significant income. It can be seen that Arkady still has something “new”. But somehow it becomes awkward, remembering his friendship with Bazarov.
Is it by chance that Nikolai Petrovich recalls Pushkin's poems at the very beginning? What are they about?
How sad is your appearance to me,
Spring! Spring!
Or with nature brisk
We bring together the confused thought
We are the fading of our years,
Which revival is not?
The finiteness of human life and the infinity of reality - and the novel, which is a document of its era, reminds us of this.
How can all of the above be summarized? What, then, is the meaning of the title of the novel? "Fathers and sons" is a symbol of ever-renewing life. The novel "Fathers and Sons" is about life, such as it appeared before Turgenev, and such as he understood it.

That is why it is called so because the value of each work included in its fund is time-tested. Shakespeare's tragedies, da Vinci's paintings, Schnittke's music, Rodin's sculptures can be listed for a long time, because the list of mankind's achievements created during its existence and development is really long and rich. And representatives of Russian culture can be proud that their great compatriot, Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev, occupies one of the first places of honor among the recognized authors of the world and

Russian novel creator

Yes exactly. Of course, even before Turgenev, there were many talented novelists in Russian literature. The “Encyclopedia of Russian Life” in verse, written by Pushkin, of a whole generation, created by Lermontov in his “Hero ...”, and many other wonderful works gave food to the mind and heart of a Russian person, educated, developed, explained, contributed to the formation of spiritually mature personalities, patriots of their homeland. But it was Turgenev who brought the Russian novel into the open spaces of world literature, introduced foreign readers to the uniqueness of our culture, way of life, and history. Brevity, extraordinary expressiveness of the language, intensity of the plot, reflection of the most important socio-political moments in the life of society, the ideological struggle characteristic of Russian reality, the deepest psychologism and the amazing skill of a true artist - these are the distinguishing features of Turgenev the novelist and his best creations. Thanks to Ivan Sergeevich, the foreign public and critics learned about this amazing phenomenon - “Russian literature”, “Russian novel”. The author's most important and favorite brainchild was Fathers and Sons. The meaning of the work reflected not only the complexity of family, social, civil and human relations in general, but also Turgenev's point of view on these issues.

Why fathers and children

The position of the author in the novel is not directly stated. But it is quite easy to determine if you carefully look at the composition of the work, analyze the language of the characters, the system of images, and identify the role of individual elements, such as landscape, in the novel. By the way, this is what Fathers and Sons is very interesting for. The meaning of the work is already in the title, and the main artistic device of opposition, or antithesis, can be traced throughout the entire novel.

So why fathers and why children? Because the family is a small cross-section of the whole society, and it, like in a mirror, reflects those most complex, sometimes dramatic collisions that shake and fever By the time the idea was born and the novel itself was written, life, according to the critic Belinsky, “ran into depth and width" in a huge variety of its elements. This variety of forms allows us to see and understand "Fathers and Sons". The meaning of the work is revealed in the conflict between generations, in views on politics, religion, science, art, social world order and world order. No less striking is the class conflict, which escalated against the backdrop of a tough confrontation between social forces and problems. The attentive reader, passing from chapter to chapter, more and more clearly understands the metaphorical nature of the title "Fathers and Sons". The meaning of the work is not only to show the continuity and division of generations (the universal aspect), but also to reveal the opposition of established views and opinions and new ones that replace the old ones.

Family thought

Let's analyze first the "family thought" in the novel. It is worth noting that the theme of the family is generally characteristic of Turgenev. Throughout his independent life, the writer lived "on the edge of someone else's nest", and he had a rather complicated relationship with his mother. That is probably why Ivan Sergeevich cherished the warmth of the hearth, the harmony of relationships between older and younger generations. The work "Fathers and Sons" affirms those eternal values, without which, in fact, progress cannot move forward. This is shown on the example of the Kirsanov family. Arkady, a representative of the young and progressive generation, although he is under the influence of Bazarov, is still closely connected with his relatives. Even upon arrival in his father's land, he exclaims that here the air is sweeter and more and more expensive and closer than in the capital. Making an excursion into the past of his heroes, Turgenev says that Kirsanov the father constantly tried to get close to his son, share his interests, live what Arkady lives, get to know his friends, try to understand the new generation that is coming to replace his peers. The work "Fathers and Sons", as already mentioned, is a novel-antithesis. But, although Bazarov is an ardent opponent of the whole past, including “fathers”, although he is outwardly rude with his father and mother and openly ridicules and despises the “old Kirsanovs”, the feeling of kinship is not alien to him. Thus, the bonds are sacred for Turgenev. Welcoming the new time, the writer believes that it is impossible to completely negate the achievements of past eras, including

New and old

The meaning of the novel "Fathers and Sons" is wider and deeper than the above question. Yes, indeed, the younger generation, with its inherent maximalism, often considers itself smarter, more progressive, more talented, more capable of significant deeds and more useful for the country than those whose age is nearing its end. Alas, but by and large it is. Both Nikolai Petrovich and Petr Petrovich Kirsanov, educated people and thinking in a modern way, nevertheless, in many respects, lagged behind the age uncontrollably flying forward. New scientific thoughts, technical achievements, political ideas are difficult for them to understand and difficult to accept in their everyday life. But does this mean that the past should be completely destroyed, forgotten, abandoned, “cleared out,” as Bazarov puts it? And what then to build in a new place, on an empty one? The nihilist Yevgeny cannot draw a detailed picture - apparently he does not know it himself, does not imagine it. And the author rightly saw the meaning of the novel “Fathers and Sons” not only in criticizing the ugliness of Russian reality, the rotten system of social, and often human relations, but also in proving that it is impossible to completely abandon the past. Human civilizations succeeded one another, and each was based on the achievements of the previous one.

The ideological and aesthetic concept of the novel

What else is Fathers and Sons about? written in 3 stages. The first one dates back to 1860-1861, when the main text was created, the plot and figurative system were formed. The second refers to the autumn of 1861 - the beginning of the winter of 1862. At this time, the writer is actively reworking the text, making plot and compositional corrections, expanding the range of issues covered in accordance with the political changes in the country. And, finally, in the period from February to September 1862, the final revisions and the first publication in the Russkiy Vestnik of the work Fathers and Sons. The problematics of the novel is a vivid picture of the rise of the movement of raznochintsy, revolutionary democrats; showing a new, just emerging type of nihilist public figure, questioning all the foundations of the Russian state. The story of the life of the rebel Bazarov, criticism of the immorality of nihilism, the conflict between conservative liberals and revolutionary-minded progressives, the disclosure of philosophical, spiritual, religious, ethical and aesthetic, moral conflicts fit on 238 sheets of neat Turgenev's handwriting.

What did the author want to say and what effect did he have?

It is impossible to understand what the meaning of the novel "Fathers and Sons" is without revealing the image of the main character - the nihilist Yevgeny Bazarov. The author himself noted that he saw a figure strong, vicious, wild and indomitable, honest, coming out of the people, but doomed to death, because the time of the Bazarovs had not yet come. He admitted that he did not know whether he loved or hated the image he had created. After all, the writer sought to criticize, first of all, the nobility as a once advanced, and now obsolete, conservative class, hindering the economic and political development of the country. But Bazarov came to the fore, and it was about this hero that controversy unfolded in domestic criticism. Some considered the main character an evil caricature, a pamphlet on the younger generation. Others, picking up Turgenev's word "nihilist", began to call them all kinds of atrocities, political unrest, produced by the students. And the name of Bazarov became synonymous with one of the names of the devil - Asmodeus. Still others, picking up revolutionary ideas, elevated Yevgeny Vasilyevich to the rank of their spiritual leader. Turgenev did not share the ideas of either one, or the second, or the third. This was one of the reasons for the ideological split between the writer and the staff of Sovremennik.

The victory of life over ideology

Yes, Ivan Sergeevich, with all his sincere sympathy for the nobility and compassion for Bazarov, condemned both one and the other. In the novel, he proved that life is more complex and diverse than all ideologies, political disputes, and it cannot be put into one. Nature, love, sincere affection, the regenerating and ennobling power of art, patriotism will triumph over any "passionate, sinful, rebellious heart." And to this day, the fate of the heroes of the work interests and excites us, gives rise to disputes, encourages us to try to understand as deeply as possible and teach everyone to be a Human. And this is the main sign of the great classical works.

Turgenev's novel Fathers and Sons was written in 1862. The novel immediately became popular, taking its rightful place among the works of classical literature. It touches on various topics, it is read with pleasure even today, because the problems of the novel are eternal and relevant at all times. It touches upon love and friendship, and most importantly, reveals the theme of relationships and conflict between generations. What meaning did he put into the title of his novel, calling it Fathers and Sons?

What is the meaning of the title of Turgenev's novel?

We know that the title carries the main meaning and makes it possible to understand the storyline. What does the title of the novel Fathers and Sons mean? Of course, the reader will conclude that it is the relationship between parents and children that will be discussed, and this topic is really touched upon in the work. So we see the attitude of the protagonist to his parents, where a certain chill can be traced. And only at the end, when the hero realizes that he does not have long left, he takes care of them. The theme of fathers and children is also revealed through the relationship with Arkady's father. So the meaning of the title of the novel Fathers and Sons in the relationship between children and parents is fully disclosed.

However, studying the work deeper and more carefully, we see the meaning not only in the relationship between fathers and children, but in the eternal struggle of generations. The reader sees a new generation of liberal democratic youth, which the author embodies in. There are also people with mature and conservative thinking, to whom the author lists not only Pavel Petrovich, but also Arkady and Katya. And these conflicts of fathers in the representation of Kirsanov, and the children represented by Bazarov, occur throughout the entire novel. The old collides with the new, and these collisions lead not only to petty quarrels, but also duels. And about these conflict situations that are embedded in the storyline, the title of the novel tells us. This is the meaning of the name Fathers and Sons.

By the way, the accidental death of the hero of the novel is actually not entirely accidental. In this confrontation, Bazarov was alone. He's still redundant. And although the author sympathizes with the main character, his finest hour has not yet come. The time has not yet come for the triumph of the new over the old, and a fresh look is ahead of its time. However, the author masterfully conveyed the spirit of the era and the conflict between conservatives and democrats.