Stolz's life goal. Character history

Collection of essays: Andrey Stolz as a “man of action”

The pinnacle of I. A. Goncharov's work is "Oblomov", work on which was completed in 1859. In the center of the work is the tragic Ilya Ilyich Oblomov, an untimely extinct nobleman, an intelligent, kind, but weak-willed, apathetic, not adapted to work and life In the system of artistic images of the novel, one of the important places is occupied by the image of Oblomov's childhood friend - Andrei Ivanovich Stolz. This is a "hero of deed", "a man of action".

Stolz and Oblomov are antipodes. They are different in everything, but they are connected by a long and faithful friendship. Andrey Stolz is the son of the manager of the estate in the village, once owned by the Oblomovs. He studied with Ilya, did him a disservice, sometimes suggesting lessons, sometimes doing translations for him. And later, Andrei Stoltz will selflessly help his friend in all life's difficulties.

The main feature in the character of Stolz is diligence. His father is German, and he gave his son a "labor, practical education." Ivan Bogdanovich explained to his son what kind of clay is good for what, how tar is mined, lard is heated, etc. From the age of 14, Stlotz already went to the city alone and for sure, Andrey's mother was Russian, and from her he inherited faith, his mother would "keep him near her," as Oblomov's mother did, but Ivan Bogdanovich forbade preventing his son from learning about life.

After graduating from the university, Stolz Sr. sent his son to St. Petersburg. He believed that he had fulfilled his duty by giving his son an education. Having left his parental home, Stolz achieves everything he dreamed of. He recognized Europe "as his estate", "saw Russia far and wide." He made a career, "served, retired, went about his business and actually made a house and money." He maintained contacts with gold miners, visited Kyiv - the trading center of the beet sugar industry, Nizhny Novgorod, the famous annual fairs, Odessa - the largest center grain exports from Russia, a warehouse for foreign goods, visited London, Paris, Lyon - the trade and industrial centers of Europe. Such are the scope of Stolz's activities. Labor becomes the goal and meaning of Stolz's life. He says this to Oblomov: "Labor is an image, content, element and purpose of life, at least mine. Stolz never stops working. He is always in action.

The portrait of Stolz emphasizes his dynamism: “He is all made up of bones, muscles and nerves, like a blooded English horse. He is thin; he has almost no cheeks at all, that is, there is bone and muscle, but no sign of fat roundness.” He has no extra movements: "If he was sitting, then he sat calmly, but if he acted, then he used as much facial expressions as needed." The desire for balance is the main thing in the appearance of the hero, his character and fate. He "lived on a budget, trying to spend every day like every ruble."

In the moral life, Stoltz also controlled his sorrows and joys, as he controlled affairs. The hero is used to being a leader. In friendship with Oblomov, he plays the role of a strong mentor. It is Stolz who is trying to save a friend from the captivity of Oblomovism. He manages to accomplish the incredible: he makes Oblomov get up from the sofa and, after a long absence, appear in the world. Stolz writes letters to a friend from abroad, inviting him to come to Switzerland and Italy.

Having met Oblomov two years later, when he would no longer think about changes in his own destiny, Stoltz was forced to admit his impotence: “It’s over with hopes for the future: if Olga, this angel, didn’t carry you away on her wings from your swamp so I won't do anything." And yet he invites Ilya Ilyich "to choose a small circle of activities, arrange a village, mess with the peasants, enter into their affairs, build, plant." Stolz is trying to inspire Oblomov with confidence in his abilities: "... everything you must and can do."

Stolz's loyalty to the ideals of youth is manifested in the fact that he saves a friend from poverty, draws up a power of attorney in his name and rents Oblomovka. The energetic and active Stolz put his friend's estate in order, changed a lot in Oblomovka: he built a bridge, put the house under the roof, and appointed a new manager.

Even in love and marriage, Stoltz went through "a school of observation, patience, work." Having met Olga Ilyinskaya in Paris, Stolz seeks to unravel her mind and. He acts, wins her love. Olga and Stolz are happy in family life. They lived "like everyone else, as Oblomov also dreamed, ”but this was not a vegetative existence. They "thought, felt, spoke together."

"A man of action" for Goncharov is a person who reflected certain trends in Russian life of that time. Stolz strives for personal independence, he is a bourgeois businessman, but not a predator. Goncharov admires Stolz's seething energy, enterprise, but also shows his weaknesses. In Andrei Ivanovich there is no poetry, no dream, he has no program of public service, his activity is aimed only at personal well-being, he refuses to go to the "daring fight against rebellious issues". Stolz's activity is a disguised form of "Oblomovism". The hero wants to achieve peace, get rid of the "fog of doubt, longing for questions" about the meaning of life.

In the novel by Ivan Alexandrovich Goncharov "Oblomov" the characters of two heroes are compared - Ilya Ilyich Oblomov and Andrei Stolz. I can’t even believe that people of the same time, friends can be so different. At first glance, it may seem that Ilya Ilyich does not know what to live for, and Stolz has already found the answer to this question. But that's not the case at all! // Oblomov - Russian landowner. "He was a man of about thirty-two - three years old, of medium height, pleasant appearance, with dark gray eyes, but with the absence of any definite idea ... The thought walked like a free bird across his face, fluttered in his eyes ... then completely disappeared." He lives on the income received from the Oblomovka estate. Ilya Ilyich spends all his days in idleness, lying on the sofa in his favorite dressing gown. "That was his normal state." Why exactly?! "An indifferent complexion, lazy movements, anxieties, fading in apathy or drowsiness", convince even more that Oblomov is a person who has completely retired from that false and meaningless world in which all his acquaintances and friends live, including and Stoltz himself. Oblomov spends whole days at home, thinking about the necessary transformations in his estate. Things don't go beyond dreams. // Andrey Stolz is the exact opposite of Oblomov. If Oblomov's natural state is peace, then Stolz's is movement, running through life. Unlike his friend, Andrey looks at life soberly. His main principle was "a simple, that is, a direct, real view of life." "He was afraid of any dream, or if he entered her area, then he entered ... knowing the hour and minute when he would leave from there." That is, Stolz did not succumb to illusions, unlike Oblomov. From early childhood, he was brought up in the most severe conditions. The most important role in his upbringing was played by his father, who instilled in his son diligence, determination, resistance to the difficulties and hardships of life. The father could not offer Andrei another goal of life, as soon as "to extend the track from his grandfather, as if on a ruler, to his future grandson." Oblomov was constantly told by his parents that he was a gentleman, that in order to fulfill any of his desires, one only had to order Zakharka or Vanka, who exist to fulfill his command. // How is it possible that Andrei Stoltz could be so close to Oblomov, "in which every feature, every step, the whole existence was a blatant protest against Stolz's life?" It is unlikely that childhood and school brought them together so much, this is not at all necessary. In my opinion, Stolz himself answers this question: “Oblomov will never bow to the idol of lies, his soul will always be pure, bright, honest ... This is a crystal, transparent soul; there are few such people; they are rare; these are pearls in the crowd! "// Throughout the novel, both characters express their ideas about the ideal of life, the life positions that they adhere to. Goncharov shows that all Oblomov's dreams are doomed, because Ilya Ilyich did nothing to realize them. The head has a very important role in the novel" Oblomov's dream." This dream explains why the fate of the protagonist developed as it is described in the novel. If this chapter did not exist, then no one, in my opinion, would understand why Ilya Oblomov spent whole days lying on the couch, "with the absence of any specific idea, any concentration in facial features. "Upbringing left a very big imprint on his mind. His parents did not particularly care about the spiritual world of Ilyusha. Their main task is to protect the boy from the hustle and bustle of life. Work for the Oblomovites is a punishment, which was "sent to them from above." "Care for food was the first and main concern in life in Oblomovka." // Oblomov's idea of ​​​​the world around him consisted of those fairy tales that she told his nanny. Many of these stories (about monsters, about the dead) horrified Ilyusha. They influenced Oblomov so strongly that "imagination and mind, imbued with fiction, remained in his slavery until old age." But not only Oblmov had such a strong belief in fairy-tale creatures, in fairy tales, but all the inhabitants of Oblomovka had the same idea of ​​​​life: “The life of a person of that time was terrible and unfaithful; it was dangerous for him to go beyond the threshold of the house: his, that and look, the beast will stab, the robber will slaughter ... "But life is not at all what the Oblomovites considered it to be. Only in dreams they could live in their fairy-tale world. //The impact on Ilyusha of the Oblomov environment was so strong and deep that it could no longer be eradicated. And when Oblomov nevertheless encountered the real world, he continued to spread Oblomovka to the outside world. For example, he had the impression (even before the service) that the boss is "a second father who only breathes how ... to reward his subordinates and take care not only of their needs, but also of pleasures." Oblomovka remained the ideal of his whole life as a symbol of the lost paradise, to which, in his opinion, all people aspire as a result of throwing through life. // Stolz lives "for labor itself, nothing else". For him, labor is "the image, content, element and purpose of life." Even the appearance of Andrei clearly and vividly describes his lifestyle: "He is all made up of bones, muscles and nerves, like a blooded English horse." Stolz's life was like a shoelace. It seemed to him that "it is tricky and difficult to live easily", that any knot of the lace (of life) can be easily untied. But a person is not able to control his own destiny, which seemed possible to Stolz. Fate can tie such an insoluble "knot" in a person's life that hardly anyone can untie it. // Oblomov completely drove labor out of life. He lived only in dreams of a future life. The meeting of friends was a turning point for Oblomov. Stolz put Ilya Ilyich face to reality, and Oblomov "feared, recognizing himself." Andrey seemed to set up a mirror for Oblomov when he said: “There you drove labor out of life: what does it look like? I will try to lift you up, maybe for the last time. If you continue to sit here after that ... you will completely disappear you will become a burden even to yourself. Now or never!” // So what was the purpose of Oblomov's life? Ilya Ilyich could not, did not want to become a successful Stolz, despite the fact that he respected such people, appreciated their diligence. The main goal of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov is not comfort and not the pursuit of new benefits, but something more. He himself could not set a worthy goal for himself and decided to remain in the position in which nature and fate had placed him. In Stolz's eyes, this meant stopping and inevitably sinking. Why does Ilya Ilyich wear a dressing gown and cherishes it? A bathrobe is the freedom to be yourself, despite the lack of freedom of the surrounding world, dressed in tailcoats and uniforms. In his dressing gown, Oblomov hopes to find refuge from social life. The poetic dreaminess of Ilya Ilyich does not recognize the fetters of prose. "To this day," Goncharov notes in the chapter "Oblomov's Dream," "Russian man, among the strict reality that surrounds him, devoid of fiction, loves to believe the seductive tales of antiquity, and for a long time, perhaps, he will not renounce this faith." Oblomov feels that there is something in the origin that cannot be exchanged for profit, something valuable, not like worldly happiness or Stoltsev's progress. It is valuable in freedom. Therefore, Oblomov values ​​\u200b\u200bpeace so much, fences himself off from everyone with apathy. Dressed in a robe, in solitude, Ilya Ilyich "lives in the world he created." He is a romantic dreamer, an artist. He draws the pattern of his life, "the performer and creator of his ideas." // "Yes, you are a poet, Ilya!" - says Stolz, further calling Oblomov a philosopher and an actor. Oblomov in his thoughts is generally serious and significant. His utopias are not trifles at all. All this is an expression of "the ideal of life, which nature has pointed out as the goal of man." The purpose of man is not to lose this ideal. // The world where Stolz is trying to draw Oblomov into does not recognize a higher beginning in a person, the value of a person, which is why emptiness and boredom reign in this world. “Where is the man here? Where is his integrity?” Oblomov asks. “All these are dead people, sleeping people, worse than me, these are members of the world and society!” All the more reason for Ilya Ilyich to hide from the world behind his dressing gown, to go into Oblomovism. // Oblomov admits to Stolz: "I did not understand this life." Although Oblomov, perhaps, understood life correctly, he did not understand himself, did not realize in himself a person in order to live, and not to freeze in front of life. The omniscient Stolz coined a strange word - "Oblomovism", and Ilya Ilyich recognized the power of Oblomovism over himself. Oblomov died under the weight of someone else's word, because he could not work out his own word about himself. // It seems to me that Goncharov does not set himself the task of revealing the meaning of human life. He only shows two extremes: Oblomovs and Stolts.

Goncharov's novel "Oblomov" was highly appreciated by critics of the second half of the 19th century. In particular, Belinsky noted that the work was timely and reflected the socio-political thought of the 50-60s of the nineteenth century. Two lifestyles - Oblomov and Stolz - are considered in this article in comparison.

Characteristics of Oblomov

Ilya Ilyich was distinguished by a desire for peace, inaction. Oblomov cannot be called interesting and varied: he used to spend most of the day in thought, lying on the couch. Plunging into these thoughts, he often throughout the day never got up from his bed, did not go out into the street, did not learn the latest news. He did not read newspapers as a matter of principle, so as not to bother himself with unnecessary, and most importantly, meaningless information. Oblomov can be called a philosopher, he is concerned about other issues: not everyday, not momentary, but eternal, spiritual. He looks for meaning in everything.

When looking at him, one gets the impression that he is a happy freethinker, not burdened by the hardships and problems of external life. But life "touches, gets everywhere" Ilya Ilyich, makes him suffer. Dreams remain only dreams, because he does not know how to translate them into real life. Even reading tires him: Oblomov has many books he has begun, but they all remain unread, misunderstood. The soul seems to be dormant in him: he avoids unnecessary anxieties, worries, anxieties. In addition, Oblomov often compares his calm, secluded existence with the lives of other people and finds that it’s not good to live the way others live: “When to live?”

This is what constitutes the ambiguous image of Oblomov. "Oblomov" (Goncharov I.A.) was created in order to describe the personality of this character - uncommon and extraordinary in his own way. He is not alien to impulses and deep emotional experiences. Oblomov is a true dreamer with a poetic, sensitive nature.

Stolz characteristic

Oblomov's way of life can in no way be compared with Stolz's world outlook. The reader first meets this character in the second part of the work. Andrei Stoltz loves everything in order: his day is scheduled by the hour and minute, dozens of important things are planned that need to be urgently redone. Today he is in Russia, tomorrow, you see, he has already unexpectedly gone abroad. What Oblomov finds boring and meaningless is important and significant for him: trips to cities, villages, intentions to improve the quality of life of those around him.

He opens in his soul such treasures that Oblomov cannot even guess. Stolz's way of life consists entirely in activities that feed his whole being with the energy of cheerfulness. In addition, Stolz is a good friend: more than once he helped Ilya Ilyich in business matters. The way of life of Oblomov and Stolz is different from each other.

What is "Oblomovism"?

As a social phenomenon, the concept denotes a focus on an idle, monotonous, devoid of color and any kind of change in life. Andrei Stoltz called "Oblomovism" the very way of life of Oblomov, his desire for endless peace and the absence of any activity. Despite the fact that a friend constantly pushed Oblomov to the opportunity to change the way of existence, he did not budge at all, as if he did not have enough energy to do this. At the same time, we see that Oblomov admits his mistake, uttering the following words: "I have long been ashamed to live in the world." He feels useless, unnecessary and abandoned, and therefore he does not want to dust off the table, sort out books that have been lying there for a month, and leave the apartment once again.

Love in the understanding of Oblomov

Oblomov's way of life did not contribute in any way to the acquisition of real, and not fictitious, happiness. He dreamed and planned more than he actually lived. It is amazing, but in his life there was a place for a quiet rest, philosophical reflections on the essence of being, but there was a lack of strength for decisive action and the implementation of intentions. Love for Olga Ilyinskaya for a while pulls Oblomov out of his usual existence, makes him try new things, start taking care of himself. He even forgets his old habits and sleeps only at night, and goes about his business during the day. But still, love in Oblomov's worldview is directly related to dreams, thoughts and poetry.

Oblomov considers himself unworthy of love: he doubts whether Olga can love him, whether he suits her enough, whether he is capable of making her happiness. Such thoughts lead him to sad thoughts about his useless life.

Love in the understanding of Stolz

Stoltz approaches the issue of love more rationally. He does not indulge in ephemeral dreams in vain, as he soberly looks at life, without fantasy, without the habit of analyzing. Stolz is a business man. He does not need romantic walks in the moonlight, loud declarations of love and sighs on the bench, because he is not Oblomov. Stolz's lifestyle is very dynamic and pragmatic: he proposes to Olga at the moment when he realizes that she is ready to accept him.

What did Oblomov come to?

As a result of protective and cautious behavior, Oblomov misses the opportunity to build a close relationship with Olga Ilyinskaya. His marriage was upset shortly before the wedding - he gathered for too long, explained himself, asked himself, compared, estimated, analyzed Oblomov. The characterization of the image of Oblomov Ilya Ilyich teaches not to repeat the mistakes of an idle, aimless existence, raises the question of what love really is? Is she the object of lofty, poetic aspirations, or is it the calm joy, peace that Oblomov finds in the house of the widow Agafya Pshenitsyna?

Why did Oblomov's physical death occur?

The result of Ilya Ilyich's philosophical reflections is this: he preferred to bury his former aspirations and even lofty dreams in himself. with Olga, his life focused on everyday existence. He knew no greater joy than to eat well and sleep after dinner. Gradually, the engine of his life began to stop, subside: ailments and cases became more frequent. Even his former thoughts left him: there was no longer any place for them in a quiet room that looked like a coffin, in all this sluggish life that lulled Oblomov, more and more away from reality. Mentally, this man was long dead. Physical death was only a confirmation of the falsity of his ideals.

Achievements of Stolz

Stolz, unlike Oblomov, did not miss his chance to become happy: he built family well-being with Olga Ilyinskaya. This marriage was made out of love, in which Stolz did not fly into the clouds, did not stay in destructive illusions, but acted more than reasonably and responsibly.

The way of life of Oblomov and Stolz are diametrically opposed and opposed to each other. Both characters are unique, inimitable and significant in their own way. This may explain the strength of their friendship over the years.

Each of us is close to either the type of Stolz or Oblomov. There is nothing wrong with that, and the coincidences are likely to be only partial. Deep, loving to reflect on the essence of life, most likely, Oblomov's experiences, his restless mental throwing and searching will be understandable. Business pragmatists, who have left romance and poetry far behind, will embody themselves with Stolz.

Goncharov Ivan Alexandrovich is a wonderful Russian realist writer. His work has firmly entered the classical literature of our country. The originality of his artistic world is, according to N.A. Dobrolyubov, in that he was able to capture in his work the full image of the subject, sculpt, mint it.

The main idea of ​​​​Goncharov in the novel "Oblomov"

In his novel, Ivan Alexandrovich condemns the inactivity of the nobility. The characterization of Oblomov in the novel "Oblomov" proves this, and you will soon see this. The author welcomes the efficiency of the entrepreneurial class that was emerging at that time. For Goncharov, in the character of Oblomov, his lordly pampering is essential, as well as the inactivity that follows from it, the impotence of will and mind. The image of this hero at the hand of such an eminent master resulted in a broad picture in which the reader is presented with the pre-reform life of the country's local nobility. More than 100 years ago, the work was written, but it still attracts attention. This novel is certainly a classic work created by the beautiful Russian language.

Ilya Ilyich Oblomov

What is the characteristic of Oblomov in the novel "Oblomov"? After reading it, everyone probably wants to understand who is closer to him in spirit: Stolz or Ilya Ilyich. Oblomov's characterization, at first glance, is devoid of attractiveness. In the novel, this hero appears as a man of not his first youth. He tried in the past to serve, but he withdrew from all activity and became unable to return to it. He does not want not only to do something, but even to be in society, go for a walk, get dressed, just get up from the couch. The serene state of this hero is violated only by visitors who come only with selfish goals to Oblomov. For example, Tarantiev simply robs him, borrowing money and not returning it. Oblomov, on the other hand, turns out to be a victim of his visitors in the work, since he cannot understand the true purpose of their visits. The only exception is Stolz, a friend of his youth, who comes to visit him in Oblomovka.

However, Oblomov's characterization is not so unambiguously negative. We will return to her.

Andrei Ivanovich Stolz

Stolz is the antipode of this hero in the novel. Goncharov portrayed him as a "new man". Stolz was brought up in harsh conditions from childhood, gradually getting used to the difficulties and hardships of life. This is a businessman alien to both service careerism and noble laziness, who is distinguished by such a level of culture and such activity, which at that time were not characteristic of Russian merchants. Apparently, not knowing where to find such a person among business Russian people, Goncharov decided to make his hero the offspring of a half-German family. Stolz, however, was raised by a Russian mother, who was a noblewoman, and also studied at the capital's university. This hero believes that through the construction of highways, fairs, marinas, schools, patriarchal "fragments" will turn into well-maintained estates that bring income.

Views on Oblomov's life

Not only apathy marked Oblomov's characterization. This character is trying to "philosophize". Ilya Ilyich contrasts the sincerity and kindness of the patriarchal life with the moral depravity of the representatives of the bureaucratic-noble society of the capital. He condemns him for striving for careerism, lack of serious interests, mutual hostility covered up by ostentatious courtesy. In this regard, the author of the novel agrees with Ilya Ilyich. Oblomov's characterization is complemented by the fact that he is a romantic. This hero dreams mainly of quiet family happiness.

Stolz's attitude to life

On the contrary, Stolz is the enemy of the "dream", of everything mysterious and enigmatic. However, by "dream" he means not only rosy romance, but all kinds of idealism. The author, explaining the convictions of this hero, writes that in his eyes, what is not subjected to the analysis of practical truth, experience, is an optical illusion or a fact, to which the turn of experience has not yet reached.

The value of a love conflict in revealing the characters of the main characters

A comparative description of Oblomov and Stolz would be incomplete if we did not reveal the topic of the relationship of these heroes with Olga Ilyinskaya. Goncharov introduces his characters into a love conflict in order to test them with life itself, which will show what each of them is worth. Therefore, the heroine of Oblomov was supposed to be an outstanding personality. In Olga Ilyinskaya, we will not find either secular coquetry, or aristocratic whims, nothing mannered, deliberately made for success in life. This girl is distinguished by her beauty, as well as the natural freedom of action, word and look.

Both main characters created by Goncharov fail in their love relationship with this woman, each in their own way. And this reveals the failure of the author's illusions in assessing both. Oblomov's "honest and true", "golden" heart is suddenly in doubt along with his decency. It should be noted that this hero, who has a "heart as deep as a well," is shamefully disingenuous in front of the girl, referring to the fact that he "warned" her about his character. Olga understands that Ilya Ilyich "has died a long time ago."

The consistent characterization of Oblomov and Stolz reveals more and more interesting details. Andrey Ivanovich appears again in the novel. He reappears in the work in order to take the place that Oblomov previously occupied. The characterization of the hero Stolz in his relationship with Olga reveals some important features in his image. Goncharov, showing his life in Paris with Ilyinskaya, wants to show the reader the breadth of his hero's views. In fact, he lowers it, since being interested in everything means not systematically, deeply, seriously not getting involved in anything. It means to learn everything from other people's words, to take it from the wrong hands. Stolz could hardly keep up with Olga in her languid haste of will and thought. Against the will of the author, the story of the joint life of these two heroes, which was supposed to be the praise of Stoltz, in the end turned out to be a means of exposing him. Stolz at the end of the novel appears only as a self-confident reasoner. The reader no longer believes this hero, who could not save his friend, give happiness to his beloved woman. Only the tendentiousness of the author saves Stolz from a complete collapse. After all, Goncharov ("Oblomov") was on his side. Oblomov's characterization, created by the writer, as well as the author's voice in the novel, allow us to judge this.

Weakness of both heroes and the classes they represent

In addition to his own desire, Goncharov was able to show that not only the Russian nobility is degenerating. Weak not only Oblomov. The characterization of the hero Stolz is also not without this feature. Respectable entrepreneurs cannot historically become the successors of the nobility, since they are weak, limited and unable to take responsibility for solving the fundamental issues of the country's life.

The meaning of the image of Olga Ilyinskaya in Russian literature

So, a comparative description of Oblomov and Stolz shows that neither one nor the other can, each in their own way, arouse sympathy. But the heroine of the work, Olga Ilyinskaya, will become the prototype of an enlightened Russian woman. This prototype will later be found in the works of many classics of the 19th century.

Often a comparison of Ilya Ilyich and Andrei Ivanovich is presented as a table. The characteristic of Oblomov and Stolz, presented visually, helps to better remember information. Therefore, a comparative table in literature lessons as a type of work is often used at school. When deep analysis is required, it is better to refuse it. Namely, such a task was set when creating this article.

Work:

Stolz Andrei Ivanovich is a friend of Oblomov, a business man.

W. received a kind of upbringing. The Russian mother wanted to see in him a well-mannered, noble, romantic young man. The father raised his son as a strong man, able to stand up for himself and cope with all difficulties.

From this combination the character of Sh. - this is how Tarantiev, who does not like him, speaks about Sh.

Indeed, Sh. is a very active person, the exact opposite of Oblomov. Sh. is independent, self-confident. It seems that he has time for everything: earn money, keep abreast of all the news, do charity work. "He is all made up of bones, muscles and nerves, like a blooded English horse."

But, despite all the positive qualities, Sh. very much lacks spiritual softness, warmth, subtlety of nature. “The dream, the mysterious, the mysterious, had no place in his soul ... He had no idols ...”

It is symbolic that the hero is of half-German origin. Hence all his pedantry, some callousness, mechanicalness: “he put perseverance in achieving the goal above all else” in any way.

Sh. introduces Oblomov to Olga Ilyinskaya out of the best of intentions in order to awaken activity in a friend. When their relationship falls apart, Sh. himself marries Olga, perceiving her not only as a beloved woman, but also as his student. On it Sh. tests his philosophical and life theories. But even he is not able to fully understand Olga's aspirations for another life, full of exploits, stormy unrest. He tells her: “We are not Titans with you ... we bow our heads and humbly go through a difficult moment, and then life will smile again ...” Sh. resigns himself to Oblomov’s life after several unsuccessful attempts to help his friend change. The only thing he can do is to take on his son's upbringing and put things in order in Oblomovka in order to ensure the future of Oblomov, the youngest.

In the first chapters of the second part of the story, we learn a lot about Stolz's childhood and upbringing. His mother was Russian, his father was German. He professed the Orthodox faith, his native language was Russian. His unusual character was brought up in him by a tough, demanding father and a kind, soft mother to Stolz. From Stolz Sr., he receives a "practical education", from his mother the same love for art, which she so diligently put into him. Thanks to all these qualities, such as love for work, independence, perseverance in goals and German habits, Stolz achieves a lot in adulthood. In St. Petersburg, he "served, retired ...", made himself a house and money, as he promised his father. He traveled a lot around the world, studied Russia and Europe.

Stolz was afraid to dream, his happiness was in constancy. He became an ideal in Oblomov, everything in him was perfect. Stolz is the absolute opposite of the lazy, boring, worthless Oblomov. These are completely different people living their own lives.

STOLZ is the central character in I.A. Goncharov's novel "Oblomov" (1848-1859). The literary sources of Sh.'s image are Gogol's Konstanzhonglo and the merchant Murazov (the second volume of Dead Souls), Pyotr Aduev ("Ordinary History"). Later, Sh. Goncharov developed the type in the image of Tushin (“Cliff”).

Sh. is the antipode of Oblomov, a positive type of practical figure. In the image of Sh., according to Goncharov's plan, such opposite qualities as, on the one hand, sobriety, prudence, efficiency, knowledge of people of a practical materialist should have been harmoniously combined; on the other - spiritual subtlety, aesthetic susceptibility, high spiritual aspirations, poetry. Thus, the image of Sh. is created by these two mutually exclusive elements: the first comes from his father, a pedantic, stern, rude German (“his father put him with him on a spring cart, gave the reins and ordered him to be taken to the factory, then to the fields, then to the city , to merchants, to offices"); the second - from her mother, a Russian, poetic and sentimental nature ("she rushed to cut Andryusha's nails, curl her curls, sew elegant collars and shirt-fronts, sang to him about flowers, dreamed of a high role with him about the poetry of life ..."). Mother was afraid that Sh., under the influence of his father, would become a rude burgher, but Sh.’s Russian environment prevented (“Oblomovka was nearby: there is an eternal holiday!”), As well as the princely castle in Verkhlev with portraits of pampered and proud nobles “in brocade, velvet and lace." “On the one hand, Oblomovka, on the other, the princely castle, with a wide expanse of aristocratic life, met with the German element, and neither a good bursh, nor even a philistine, came out of Andrei.”

Sh., in contrast to Oblomov, makes his own way in life. It is not for nothing that Sh. comes from the bourgeois class (his father left Germany, wandered around Switzerland and settled in Russia, becoming the manager of the estate). Sh. brilliantly graduates from the university, serves with success, retires to do his own thing; makes a house and money. He is a member of a trading company that sends goods abroad; as an agent of the company, Sh. travels to Belgium, England, throughout Russia. Sh.'s image is built on the basis of the idea of ​​balance, the harmonic correspondence of the physical and spiritual, mind and feelings, suffering and pleasure. Sh.'s ideal is measure and harmony in work, life, rest, and love. The portrait of Sh. contrasts with the portrait of Oblomov: “He is all made up of bones, muscles and nerves, like a blooded English horse. He is thin, he has almost no cheeks at all, that is, bone and muscle, but no sign of fat roundness ... ”The ideal of Sh.’s life is unceasing and meaningful work, this is“ the image, content, element and purpose of life. Sh. defends this ideal in a dispute with Oblomov, calling the latter's utopian ideal "Oblomovism" and considering it harmful in all spheres of life.

Unlike Oblomov, Sh. passes the test of love. He meets the ideal of Olga Ilyinskaya: Sh. combines masculinity, fidelity, moral purity, universal knowledge and practical acumen, allowing him to emerge victorious in all life's trials. Sh. marries Olga Ilyinskaya, and Goncharov tries in their active alliance, full of work and beauty, to present an ideal family, a true ideal that Oblomov does not succeed in life: “we worked together, dined, went to the fields, made music as Oblomov dreamed ... Only there was no drowsiness, despondency with them, they spent their days without boredom and without apathy; there was no languid look, no word; the conversation did not end with them, it was often hot. In friendship with Oblomov, Sh. also turned out to be on top: he replaced the rogue manager, destroyed the intrigues of Tarantiev and Mukhoyarov, who tricked Oblomov into signing a fake loan letter.

The image of Sh., according to Goncharov, was supposed to embody a new positive type of Russian progressive figure (“How many Stoltsev should appear under Russian names!”), Combining both the best Western tendencies and Russian breadth, scope, spiritual depth. Type Sh. was supposed to turn Russia onto the path of European civilization, to give it a proper dignity and weight in a number of European powers. Finally, S.'s efficiency does not come into conflict with morality; the latter, on the contrary, complements efficiency, gives it inner strength and strength.

Contrary to Goncharov's intention, utopian features are palpable in the image of Sh. Rationalism and rationalism, embedded in the image of Sh., damages artistry. Goncharov himself was not entirely satisfied with the image, believing that Sh. was “weak, pale,” that “an idea peeps out of him too nakedly.” Chekhov expressed himself more sharply: “Stoltz does not inspire any confidence in me. The author says that this is a magnificent fellow, but I do not believe it. This is a puristic beast who thinks very well of himself and is pleased with himself. It is half composed, three-quarters stilted" (letter 1889). The failure of the image of Sh., perhaps, is due to the fact that Sh. is not artistically shown in the large-scale activity in which he is successfully engaged.