The genetic code of Russian origin. The genetic code of the Russian people: the most shocking facts

Genetic studies have shown that Russians are one of the purest peoples in Eurasia. Recent joint research by Russian, British and Estonian genetic scientists put a big fat cross on the common Russophobic myth that has been inculcated in the minds of people for decades - they say, "scratch a Russian and you will definitely find a Tatar."
The results of a large-scale experiment published in the scientific journal "The American Journal of Human Genetics" clearly say that "despite the popular opinion about the strong Tatar and Mongolian admixture in the blood of Russians, inherited by their ancestors during the time of the Tatar-Mongol invasion, the haplogroups of the Turkic peoples and other Asian ethnic groups left virtually no trace on the population of the modern northwestern, central and southern regions.

Like this. In this long-term dispute, we can safely put an end to it and consider further discussions on this issue simply inappropriate.

We are not Tatars. We are not Tatars. No influence on the so-called Russian genes. "Mongol-Tatar yoke" did not have.
We, Russians, did not have any admixture of Turkic "Horde blood" and do not have.

Moreover, genetic scientists, summing up their research, declare the almost complete identity of the genotypes of Russians, Ukrainians and Belarusians, thereby proving that we were and remain one nation: “genetic variations of the Y-chromosome of the inhabitants of the central and southern regions of Ancient Russia turned out to be practically identical to those of Ukrainians and Belarusians.”

One of the project leaders, Russian geneticist Oleg Balanovsky, admitted in an interview with Gazeta.ru that Russians are practically a monolithic people from a genetic point of view, destroying another myth: “everyone has mixed up, there are no more pure Russians.” On the contrary, there were Russians and there are Russians. A single people, a single nation, a monolithic nationality with a clearly defined special genotype.

Further, examining the materials of the remains from the most ancient burials, the scientists found that "Slavic tribes mastered these lands (Central and South Russia) long before the mass migration to them in the 7th-9th centuries of the main part of the ancient Russians." That is, the lands of Central and Southern Russia were inhabited by Russians (Rusichs) already, at least in the first centuries A.D. If not before.

This allows us to debunk another Russophobic myth - that Moscow and the surrounding regions, allegedly, have been inhabited by Finno-Ugric tribes since ancient times and Russians there are “aliens”. We, as geneticists have proven, are not aliens, but completely autochthonous inhabitants of Central Russia, where the Russians have lived since time immemorial. “Despite the fact that these lands were inhabited even before the last glaciation of our planet about 20 thousand years ago, there is no evidence directly indicating the presence of any “primordial” peoples living in this territory,” the report states. That is, there is no evidence that any other tribes lived on our lands before us, which we supposedly ousted or assimilated. If I may say so, we have been living here since the creation of the world.

The scientists also determined the distant boundaries of the habitat of our ancestors: “an analysis of the bone remains indicates that the main contact zone of Caucasians with people of the Mongoloid type was located on the territory of Western Siberia.” And given that the archaeologists who unearthed the oldest burials of the 1st millennium BC. on the territory of Altai, found there the remains of pronounced Caucasoids (not to mention the world-famous Arkaim) - then the conclusion is obvious. Our ancestors (ancient Russians, Proto-Slavs) originally lived throughout the territory of modern Russia, including Siberia, and quite possibly the Far East. So the campaign of Ermak Timofeevich and his comrades for the Urals from this point of view was a completely legitimate return of previously lost territories.

That's it, friends. Modern science is destroying Russophobic stereotypes and myths, knocking the ground out from under the feet of our "friends" liberals.

Genogeographer Oleg Balanovsky: “Russians, Ukrainians and Belarusians at the level of the gene pool sometimes fail to distinguish”

Five years have passed since KP, in the article “Sensational Discovery of Scientists: The Secret of the Russian Gene Pool Revealed,” spoke about the work of gene geographer Oleg Pavlovich Balanovsky and colleagues and their research into the gene pool of the Russian people.

“I would like to know how the Russian gene pool works and try to restore its history according to modern features,” the scientist said at the time. Today, in the light of new scientific data, we will return to this conversation.

DON'T SCRAPE THE RUSSIANS

- Oleg Pavlovich, where did the Russian people come from? Not the ancient Slavs, namely the Russians?
“As for the Russians, we can only say for sure that the Mongol conquest of the 13th century, contrary to popular belief, did not affect the gene pool - Central Asian gene variants are practically not found in Russian populations.
- That is, the well-known expression of the historian Karamzin "scratch a Russian - you will find a Tatar" is not confirmed by science?
- Not.
“Before geneticists, the Russian people were studied by anthropologists for a long time. To what extent do your results and theirs agree or disagree?
— Genetic studies of peoples are often taken as the final word of science. But it's not! Before us worked mainly anthropologists. By studying the appearance of the population (as we study genes), they described the similarities and differences between the populations of different regions, and from this they reconstructed their ways of origin. Our entire field of science has grown out of ethnic, racial anthropology. Moreover, the level of work of the classics in many respects remains unsurpassed.
— By what parameters?
- For example, on the details of the study of the population. Anthropologists examined more than 170 populations within the historical territory of the settlement of the Russian people. And we in our studies - so far 10 times less. Perhaps that is why Viktor Valeryanovich Bunak (an outstanding Russian anthropologist, one of the founders of the Soviet anthropological school. - Ed.) was able to identify as many as 12 types of the Russian population, and we only three (northern, southern and transitional).

Anthropologists, linguists and ethnographers have collected information about almost all the peoples of the world. Huge amounts of information have been accumulated about the physical appearance of the Russian population (the science of somatology deals with this) and about skin patterns on the fingers and palms (dermatoglyphics, which reveals differences among different peoples). Linguistics has long been studying data on the geography of Russian dialects and on the distribution of thousands of Russian surnames (anthroponymy). One could enumerate many examples of similarities between the results of modern genetic research and the classical research of anthropologists. But I can’t name a single insurmountable contradiction.

That is, the answer of scientists is unequivocal - Russians exist as a nation.
— This question is not for scientists, but for those people who identify themselves with the Russian people. As long as there are such people, scientists will record the existence of the people. If these people from generation to generation still speak their own language, then attempts to declare such a people non-existent are ridiculous. So, for example, there is no need to worry about Russians and Ukrainians.

SLAVES - THE CONCEPT IS NOT GENETIC, BUT LINGUISTIC

- And yet, how homogeneous is the Russian genotype?
- Differences between populations of different regions INSIDE one people (in this case, Russian) are almost always less than differences BETWEEN different peoples. The variability of Russian populations turned out to be higher than, for example, the populations of Germans, but less than the variability of many other European peoples, such as Italians.
- That is, the Russians differ from each other more than the Germans, but less than the Italians?
- Exactly. At the same time, genetic variability within our European subcontinent is much less than that within, for example, the Indian subcontinent. Simply put, Europeans, including Russians, are much more similar to each other than neighboring peoples in many regions of the planet, it is much easier to detect genetic similarities between European peoples and more difficult to find differences.
- Now many people question the existence of "fraternal Slavic peoples" - Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian ... They say that these are completely different peoples, completely different.

- “Slavs” (as well as “Turks” and “Finno-Ugrians”) are not genetic concepts at all, but linguistic ones! There are Slavic, Turkic and Finno-Ugric groups of languages. And within these groups genetically distant peoples get along quite well. For example, it is difficult to find genetic similarities between Turks and Yakuts who speak Turkic languages. Finns and Khanty speak Finno-Ugric languages, but are genetically distant from each other. So far, not a single linguist has doubted the close relationship of the Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian languages ​​and their belonging to the Slavic group.

As for the similarity of the gene pools of the three East Slavic peoples, the initial studies showed that they are so similar that sometimes it is not possible to distinguish them. True, we have not stood still over the years and have now learned to see the subtle differences in the Ukrainian gene pool. Belarusians from the northern and central regions are still indistinguishable from Russians for the entire set of studied genes, only the Belarusians of Polesye are shown to be unique.

WHERE DOES THE RUSSIAN NATION GET TWO FOREFATHERS?

Are Russians Slavs? What is the real share of the "Finnish heritage" in the Russian gene pool?
Russians are, of course, Slavs. The similarity of the northern Russian populations with the Finns is very small, while with the Estonians it is quite high. The problem is that exactly the same genetic variants are also found among the Baltic peoples (Latvians and Lithuanians). Our study of the northern Russian gene pool showed that it would be an unreasonable simplification to interpret its features as inherited from the Finno-Ugrians assimilated by Russians. There are features, but they connect the northern Russians not only with the Finno-Ugric peoples, but also with the Balts, and with the German-speaking population of Scandinavia. That is, these genes - I would venture to guess - could have been inherited by the ancestors of the northern Russians from such ancient times, when neither the Slavs, nor the Finno-Ugric peoples, nor the Germans, nor the Tatars simply existed yet.

You write that for the first time the two-component nature of the Russian gene pool has been shown for Y-chromosome markers (that is, along the male line). What are these two forefathers of the Russian gene pool?
- One genetic "father" of the Russian people is northern, the other is southern. Their age is lost in the centuries, and their origin is in the fog. But in any case, a whole millennium has already passed since the inheritance of both "fathers" became the common property of the entire Russian gene pool. And their current settlement is clearly visible on the map. At the same time, the northern Russian gene pool has similarities with neighboring Baltic peoples, and the southern gene pool has similarities with neighboring Eastern Slavs, but also with Western Slavs (Poles, Czechs and Slovaks).

Are political passions raging around the study? Is there pressure? Who and how distorts your data? And for what purposes?
- Fortunately, we have never met with politics and even more so with pressure. But there are a lot of distortions. Everyone wants to fit scientific data to their usual views. And our data, with an honest approach, is not adjusted to them. That is why our conclusions in their entirety do not please both parties - both those who say that the Russian gene pool is "the best" in the world, and those who claim that it does not exist.

The January issue of The American Journal of Human Genetics published an article about a study of the Russian gene pool conducted by Russian and Estonian geneticists. The results were unexpected: in fact, the Russian ethnos genetically consists of two parts - the indigenous population of South and Central Russia is related to other peoples who speak Slavic languages, and the inhabitants of the North of the country are related to the Finno-Ugric peoples. And the second rather surprising and, one might even say, sensational moment - a set of genes typical of Asians (including the notorious Mongol-Tatars) was not found in sufficient quantities in any of the Russian populations (neither in the north nor in the south). It turns out that the saying "scratch a Russian - you will find a Tatar" is not true.

Secret secret or gene of "Russianness"

The scientific data below is a terrible secret. Secret secrets.

Formally, these data are not classified, since they were obtained by American scientists outside the field of defense research, and even published in some places, but the conspiracy of silence organized around them is unprecedented. What is this terrible secret, the mention of which is a worldwide taboo?
This is the secret of the origin and historical path of the Russian people. Paternal kinship Why information is hidden - more on that later. First, briefly about the essence of the discovery of American geneticists. There are 46 chromosomes in human DNA, half inherited from the father and half from the mother. Of the 23 chromosomes inherited from the father, one and only - the male Y chromosome - contains a set of nucleotides that has been passed from generation to generation without any changes for thousands of years. Geneticists call this set a haplogroup. Every man living now has exactly the same haplogroup in his DNA as his father, grandfather, great-grandfather, great-great-grandfather, etc. in many generations.

So, American scientists found that one such mutation occurred 4,500 years ago on the Central Russian Plain. A boy was born with a slightly different haplogroup than his father, to which they assigned the genetic classification R1a1. The paternal R1a mutated and a new R1a1 arose. The mutation turned out to be very viable. The genus R1a1, which this very boy started, survived, unlike millions of other genera that disappeared when their genealogical lines were cut off, and bred over a vast area. Currently, the owners of the haplogroup R1a1 make up 70% of the total male population of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus, and in ancient Russian cities and villages - up to 80%. R1a1 is a biological marker of the Russian ethnic group. This set of nucleotides is "Russian" in terms of genetics.

Thus, the Russian people in a genetically modern form was born in the European part of present-day Russia about 4,500 years ago. The boy with the R1a1 mutation became the direct ancestor of all men living on earth today, in whose DNA this haplogroup is present. All of them are his biological or, as they used to say, blood descendants and among themselves - blood relatives, collectively making up a single people - Russian. Realizing this, American geneticists, with the enthusiasm inherent in all emigrants in matters of origin, began to roam the world, take tests from people and look for biological "roots", their own and others. What they have achieved is of great interest to us, since it sheds true light on the historical paths of our Russian people and destroys many established myths.

Now men of the Russian genus R1a1 make up 16% of the total male population of India, and in the higher castes they are almost half - 47% Our ancestors migrated from the ethnic focus not only to the east (to the Urals) and south (to India and Iran), but also to west - to where European countries are now located. In the western direction, geneticists have complete statistics: in Poland, the owners of the Russian (Aryan) haplogroup R1a1 make up 57% of the male population, in Latvia, Lithuania, the Czech Republic and Slovakia - 40%, in Germany, Norway and Sweden - 18%, in Bulgaria - 12 %, and in England - the least (3%).

The settlement of Aryan Russians to the east, south and west (there was simply nowhere to go further north; and so, according to the Indian Vedas, before coming to India they lived near the Arctic Circle) became the biological prerequisite for the formation of a special language group - Indo-European. These are almost all European languages, some languages ​​of modern Iran and India and, of course, the Russian language and ancient Sanskrit, which are closest to each other for an obvious reason: in time (Sanskrit) and in space (Russian) they are next to the original source - Aryan the parent language from which all other Indo-European languages ​​\u200b\u200bhave grown. “It is impossible to dispute. You need to shut up"

What has been said above is irrefutable natural-science facts, moreover, obtained by independent American scientists. Challenging them is like disagreeing with the results of a blood test at a clinic. They are not disputed. They are simply hushed up. They are hushing up together and stubbornly, they are hushing up, one might say, totally. And there are reasons for that. For example, we will have to rethink everything that is known about the Tatar-Mongol invasion of Russia.

The armed conquest of peoples and lands was always and everywhere accompanied at that time by the mass rape of local women. Traces in the form of Mongolian and Turkic haplogroups should have remained in the blood of the male part of the Russian population. But they are not! Solid R1a1 - and nothing else, the purity of the blood is amazing. This means that the Horde that came to Russia was not at all what it is customary to think about it: if the Mongols were present there, then in statistically insignificant numbers, and who was called "Tatars" is not at all clear. Well, which of the scientists will refute the scientific foundations, supported by mountains of literature and great authorities?!

The second reason, incomparably more weighty, relates to the sphere of geopolitics. The history of human civilization appears in a new and completely unexpected light, and this cannot but have serious political consequences. Throughout modern history, the pillars of European scientific and political thought proceeded from the idea of ​​Russians as barbarians, recently off the Christmas trees, backward by nature and incapable of creative work. And suddenly it turns out that the Russians are the very Aryans who had a decisive influence on the formation of great civilizations in India, Iran and in Europe itself!

That Europeans owe a lot to Russians in their prosperous life, starting with the languages ​​they speak. It is no coincidence that in recent history, a third of the most important discoveries and inventions belong to ethnic Russians in Russia itself and abroad. It is no coincidence that the Russian people were able to repel the invasions of the united forces of continental Europe led by Napoleon, and then by Hitler. Etc.

Great historical tradition It is no coincidence, because behind all this is a great historical tradition, thoroughly forgotten for many centuries, but remaining in the collective subconscious of the Russian people and manifesting itself whenever the nation faces new challenges. Manifested with iron inevitability due to the fact that it has grown on a material, biological basis in the form of Russian blood, which has remained unchanged for four and a half millennia. Western politicians and ideologists have something to think about in order to make their policy towards Russia more adequate in the light of the historical circumstances discovered by geneticists. But they do not want to think and change anything, hence the conspiracy of silence around the Russian-Aryan theme. The collapse of the myth of the Russian people The collapse of the myth of the Russian people as an ethnic mixture automatically destroys another myth - the myth of Russia's multinationality.

Until now, attempts have been made to present the ethno-demographic structure of our country as a vinaigrette from a Russian “you can’t understand what mixture” and many indigenous peoples and alien diasporas. With such a structure, all its components are approximately equal in size, so Russia is allegedly "multinational". But genetic studies paint a very different picture. If you believe the Americans (and there is no reason not to believe them: they are authoritative scientists, they value their reputation, and they have no reason to lie - in such a pro-Russian way), then it turns out that 70% of the entire male population of Russia are purebred Russians.

According to the data of the penultimate census (the results of the latter are not yet known), 80% of the respondents identify themselves as Russians; 10% more are Russified representatives of other peoples (it is in these 10% that if you “scratch” you will find non-Russian roots). And 20% falls on the remaining 170-odd peoples, nationalities and tribes living on the territory of the Russian Federation. In summary: Russia is a mono-ethnic, albeit multi-ethnic, country with an overwhelming demographic majority of natural Russians. It is here that the logic of Jan Hus begins to work.

About backwardness Next - about backwardness. The clergy thoroughly had a hand in this myth: they say that before the baptism of Russia, people lived in it in complete savagery. Wow "wildness"! They mastered half the world, built great civilizations, taught the natives their language, and all this long before the birth of Christ ... The real story does not fit, does not fit in any way with its church version. There is in the Russian people something primordial, natural, which cannot be reduced to religious life. In the north-east of Europe, in addition to the Russians, many peoples lived and still live, but none of them created anything even remotely similar to the great Russian civilization. The same applies to other places of civilizational activity of Russian-Aryans in antiquity. Natural conditions are different everywhere, and the ethnic environment is different, therefore the civilizations built by our ancestors are not the same, but there is something in common for all of them: they are great in terms of the historical scale of values ​​and far exceed the achievements of their neighbors.

For the first time in history, Russian scientists conducted an unprecedented study of the Russian gene pool - and were shocked by its results. In particular, this study fully confirmed the idea expressed in our articles “Country Moksel” (No. 14) and “Non-Russian Russian Language” (No. 12) that Russians are not Slavs, but only Russian-speaking Finns.

“Russian scientists have completed and are preparing for publication the first large-scale study of the gene pool of the Russian people. The publication of the results may have unpredictable consequences for Russia and the world order,” this is how the publication on this topic begins sensationally in the Russian edition of Vlast. And the sensation really turned out to be incredible - many myths about Russian nationality turned out to be false. Among other things, it turned out that genetically Russians are not “Eastern Slavs” at all, but Finns.

RUSSIANS TURNED OUT TO BE FINNS

Anthropologists have been able, over several decades of intense research, to reveal the appearance of a typical Russian person. They are of medium build and medium height, light brown-haired with light eyes - gray or blue. By the way, in the course of the research, a verbal portrait of a typical Ukrainian was also obtained. The reference Ukrainian differs from the Russian in the color of his skin, hair and eyes - he is a swarthy brunette with regular features and brown eyes. However, anthropological measurements of the proportions of the human body are not even the last, but the century before last, of science, which has long received at its disposal the most accurate methods of molecular biology, which allow you to read all human genes. And the most advanced methods of DNA analysis today are sequencing (reading by letter of the genetic code) of mitochondrial DNA and DNA of the human Y-chromosome. Mitochondrial DNA has been passed down the female line from generation to generation, virtually unchanged since the time when Eve, the progenitor of mankind, climbed down from a tree in East Africa. And the Y-chromosome is present only in men and therefore is also transmitted to male offspring practically unchanged, while all other chromosomes, when transmitted from father and mother to their children, are shuffled by nature, like a deck of cards before distribution. Thus, unlike indirect signs (appearance, body proportions), sequencing of mitochondrial DNA and DNA of the Y-chromosome indisputably and directly indicates the degree of kinship of people, writes the Vlast magazine.

In the West, human population geneticists have been successfully using these methods for two decades. In Russia, they were used only once, in the mid-1990s, when identifying the royal remains. The turning point in the situation with the use of the most modern methods for studying the titular nation of Russia occurred only in 2000. The Russian Foundation for Basic Research allocated a grant to scientists from the Laboratory of Human Population Genetics of the Medical Genetic Center of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. For the first time in the history of Russia, scientists were able to fully concentrate on studying the gene pool of the Russian people for several years. They supplemented their molecular genetic studies with an analysis of the frequency distribution of Russian surnames in the country. This method was very cheap, but its information content exceeded all expectations: a comparison of the geography of surnames with the geography of genetic DNA markers showed their almost complete coincidence.

The molecular genetic results of the first study in Russia of the gene pool of the titular nationality are now being prepared for publication in the form of the monograph "Russian Gene Pool", which will be published at the end of the year by the Luch publishing house. The journal "Vlast" cites some research data. So, it turned out that Russians are not “Eastern Slavs” at all, but Finns. By the way, these studies completely destroyed the notorious myth about the "Eastern Slavs" - that supposedly Belarusians, Ukrainians and Russians "make up a group of Eastern Slavs." The only Slavs of these three peoples were only Belarusians, but it turned out that Belarusians are not “Eastern Slavs” at all, but Western ones, because they practically do not differ genetically from the Poles. So the myth about “kindred blood of Belarusians and Russians” was completely destroyed: Belarusians turned out to be virtually identical to Poles, Belarusians are genetically very far from Russians, but very close to Czechs and Slovaks. But the Finns of Finland turned out to be genetically closer to the Russians than the Belarusians. So, according to the Y-chromosome, the genetic distance between the Russians and the Finns of Finland is only 30 conventional units (close relationship). And the genetic distance between a Russian person and the so-called Finno-Ugric peoples (Mari, Veps, Mordovians, etc.) living on the territory of the Russian Federation is 2-3 units. Simply put, they are genetically IDENTICAL. In this regard, the Vlast magazine notes: “And the harsh statement of the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Estonia on September 1 at the EU Council in Brussels (after the Russian side denounced the state border treaty with Estonia) about discrimination against Finno-Ugric peoples allegedly related to Finns in the Russian Federation loses its meaningful meaning. . But due to the moratorium of Western scientists, the Russian Foreign Ministry could not reasonably accuse Estonia of interfering in our internal, one might even say closely related, affairs.” This philippic is only one facet of the mass of contradictions that have arisen. Since the closest relatives for Russians are Finno-Ugric peoples and Estonians (in fact, these are the same people, because the difference of 2-3 units is inherent in only one people), then Russian jokes about “inhibited Estonians” are strange when the Russians themselves are these Estonians. A huge problem arises for Russia in self-identification as supposedly “Slavs”, because genetically the Russian people have nothing to do with the Slavs. In the myth about the “Slavic roots of Russians”, Russian scientists put a bold point: there is nothing from the Slavs in Russians. There is only a near-Slavic Russian language, but it also contains 60-70% of non-Slavic vocabulary, so a Russian person is not able to understand the languages ​​\u200b\u200bof the Slavs, although a real Slav understands Slavic languages ​​\u200b\u200bbecause of the similarity - any (except Russian). The results of the analysis of mitochondrial DNA showed that another closest relative of Russians, except for the Finns of Finland, is the Tatars: Russians from the Tatars are at the same genetic distance of 30 conventional units that separate them from the Finns. No less sensational were the data on Ukraine. It turned out that genetically the population of Eastern Ukraine is Finno-Ugric: Eastern Ukrainians are practically no different from Russians, Komi, Mordovians, Mari. This is one Finnish people, who once had their own common Finnish language. But with the Ukrainians of Western Ukraine, everything turned out to be even more unexpected. These are not Slavs at all, just as they are not “Russo-Finns” of Russia and Eastern Ukraine, but a completely different ethnic group: the genetic distance between Ukrainians from Lvov and Tatars is only 10 units.

Such a close relationship between Western Ukrainians and Tatars may be explained by the Sarmatian roots of the ancient inhabitants of Kievan Rus. Of course, there is a certain Slavic component in the blood of Western Ukrainians (they are more genetically close to Slavs than Russians), but they are still not Slavs, but Sarmatians. Anthropologically, they are characterized by wide cheekbones, dark hair and brown eyes, dark (and not pink, like Caucasians) nipples. The magazine writes: “You can react in any way you like to these strictly scientific facts that show the natural essence of the reference electorates of Viktor Yushchenko and Viktor Yanukovych. But it will not be possible to accuse Russian scientists of falsifying these data: then the accusation will automatically extend to their Western colleagues, who have been delaying the publication of these results for more than a year, each time extending the moratorium.” The journal is right: these data clearly explain the deep and permanent split in Ukrainian society, where two completely different ethnic groups live under the name "Ukrainians". Moreover, Russian imperialism will take these scientific data into service as another (already weighty and scientific) argument to “grow” the territory of Russia with Eastern Ukraine. But what about the myth about the "Slavs-Russians"?

Recognizing this data and trying to use it, Russian strategists here are faced with what the people call a “double-edged sword”: in this case, they will have to reconsider the entire national self-identification of the Russian people as “Slavic” and abandon the concept of “kinship” with Belarusians and the entire Slavic World - no longer at the level of scientific research, but at the political level. The magazine also publishes a map indicating the area where "true Russian genes" (that is, Finnish) are still preserved. Geographically, this territory “coincides with Russia during the time of Ivan the Terrible” and “clearly shows the conditionality of some state borders,” the magazine writes. Namely: the population of Bryansk, Kursk and Smolensk is not at all a Russian population (that is, Finnish), but a Belarusian-Polish one - identical to the genes of Belarusians and Poles. An interesting fact is that in the Middle Ages the border between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Muscovy was precisely the ethnic border between the Slavs and Finns (by the way, the eastern border of Europe passed along it then). The further imperialism of Muscovy-Russia, which annexed neighboring territories, went beyond the ethnic Muscovites and captured already foreign ethnic groups.

WHAT IS RUSSIA?

These new discoveries of Russian scientists allow us to take a fresh look at the entire policy of medieval Muscovy, including its concept of "Rus". It turns out that “pulling the Russian blanket over itself” by Moscow is explained purely ethnically, genetically. The so-called "Holy Russia" in the concept of the Russian Orthodox Church of Moscow and Russian historians was formed on the fact of the rise of Moscow in the Horde, and, as Lev Gumilyov wrote, for example, in the book "From Russia to Russia", Ukrainians and Belarusians ceased to be Rusyns on the same fact, ceased to be Russia. It is clear that there were two completely different Russias. One, Western, lived its own life of the Slavs, united into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Russia. Another Russia - Eastern Russia (more precisely Muscovy - because it was not considered Russia at that time) - entered for 300 years into the Horde ethnically close to it, in which it then seized power and made it "Russia" even before the conquest of Novgorod and Pskov into the Horde-Russia. This second Russia - Russia of the Finnish ethnos - is called the Russian Orthodox Church of Moscow and Russian historians "Holy Russia", while depriving Western Russia of the right to something "Russian" (forcing even the entire people of Kievan Rus to call themselves not Rusyns, but "okraintsy" ). The meaning is clear: this Finnish Russian had little in common with the original Slavic Russian.

The very centuries-old confrontation between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Muscovy (who seemed to have something in common in Russia between the Rurikovichs and the Kievan faith, and the princes of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania Vitovt-Yuri and Jagiello-Yakov were Orthodox from birth, were Rurikovich and the Grand Dukes of Russia, no other language except Russian, not knew) - this is a confrontation between countries of different ethnic groups: the ON brought together the Slavs, and Muscovy - the Finns. As a result, for many centuries two Russias opposed each other - the Slavic Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Finnish Muscovy. This explains the glaring fact that Muscovy NEVER during her stay in the Horde expressed a desire to return to Russia, gain freedom from the Tatars, join the ON. And its capture of Novgorod was caused precisely by the negotiations of Novgorod on joining the GDL. This Russophobia of Moscow and its “masochism” (“the Horde yoke is better than the GDL”) can only be explained by ethnic differences with original Russia and ethnic closeness to the peoples of the Horde. It is this genetic difference with the Slavs that explains Muscovy's rejection of the European way of life, hatred of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Poles (that is, the Slavs in general), great love for the East and Asian traditions. These studies of Russian scientists must also be reflected in the revision of their concepts by historians. Among other things, it is long necessary to introduce into historical science the fact that there was not one Rus, but two completely different ones: Slavic Rus and Finnish Rus. This clarification allows us to understand and explain many processes of our medieval history, which in the current interpretation seem to be devoid of any meaning.

RUSSIAN SURNAME

Attempts by Russian scientists to investigate the statistics of Russian surnames at first encountered a lot of difficulties. The Central Election Commission and local election commissions flatly refused to cooperate with scientists, arguing that only if the voter lists are secret can they guarantee the objectivity and honesty of elections to federal and local authorities. The criterion for inclusion in the list of a surname was very lenient: it was included if at least five carriers of this surname lived in the region for three generations. First, lists were compiled for five conditional regions - Northern, Central, Central-Western, Central-Eastern and Southern. In total, about 15 thousand Russian surnames were accumulated in all regions of Russia, most of which were found only in one of the regions and were absent in others.

When regional lists were superimposed on each other, scientists identified a total of 257 so-called "all-Russian surnames". The magazine writes: “Interestingly, at the final stage of the study, they decided to add the names of residents of the Krasnodar Territory to the list of the Southern Region, expecting that the predominance of Ukrainian surnames of the descendants of the Zaporizhzhya Cossacks evicted here by Catherine II would significantly reduce the all-Russian list. But this additional restriction reduced the list of all-Russian surnames by only 7 units - to 250. From which the obvious and not pleasant conclusion followed that the Kuban was inhabited mainly by Russian people. But where did the Ukrainians go and were there at all Ukrainians here is a big question.” And further: “An analysis of Russian surnames in general provides food for thought. Even the simplest action - searching it for the names of all the leaders of the country - gave an unexpected result. Only one of them was included in the list of top 250 all-Russian surnames - Mikhail Gorbachev (158th place). The surname Brezhnev takes 3767th place in the general list (found only in the Belgorod region of the Southern region). The surname Khrushchev is in 4248th place (found only in the Northern region, Arkhangelsk region). Chernenko took 4749th place (only the Southern region). Andropov - 8939th place (only the Southern region). Putin took 14,250th place (only the Southern region). But Yeltsin was not included in the general list at all. Stalin's surname - Dzhugashvili - for obvious reasons was not considered. But on the other hand, the pseudonym Lenin got into the regional lists under the number 1421, second only to the first president of the USSR, Mikhail Gorbachev. The magazine writes that the result amazed even the scientists themselves, who believed that the main difference between the bearers of South Russian surnames was not in the ability to lead a huge power, but in the increased sensitivity of the skin of their fingers and palms. A scientific analysis of dermatoglyphics (papillary patterns on the skin of the palms and fingers) of Russian people showed that the complexity of the pattern (from simple arcs to loops) and the accompanying skin sensitivity increases from north to south. “A person with simple patterns on the skin of his hands can hold a glass of hot tea in his hands without pain,” Dr. Balanovskaya clearly explained the essence of the differences. “And if there are a lot of loops, then unsurpassed pickpockets came out of such people.” Scientists publish a list of the 250 most popular Russian surnames. Unexpected was the fact that the most massive Russian surname is not Ivanov, but Smirnov. It’s wrong to give this whole list, it’s not worth it, here are just the 20 most massive Russian surnames: 1. Smirnov; 2. Ivanov; 3. Kuznetsov; 4. Popov; 5. Sokolov; 6. Lebedev; 7. Kozlov; 8. Novikov; 9. Morozov; 10. Petrov; 11. Volkov; 12. Solovyov; 13. Vasiliev; 14. Zaitsev; 15. Pavlov; 16. Semenov; 17. Golubev; 18. Vinogradov; 19. Bogdanov; 20. Sparrows. All top all-Russian surnames have Bulgarian endings in -ov (-ev), plus a few surnames in -in (Ilyin, Kuzmin, etc.). And among the top 250, there is not a single surname of “Eastern Slavs” (Belarusians and Ukrainians) in -iy, -ich, -ko. Although in Belarus the most common surnames are -iy and -ich, and in Ukraine - on -ko. This also shows the deep differences between the "Eastern Slavs", because Belarusian surnames with -ij and -ich are equally the most common in Poland - and not at all in Russia. The Bulgarian endings of the 250 most massive Russian surnames indicate that the surnames were given by the priests of Kievan Rus, who spread Orthodoxy among its Finns in Muscovy, because these surnames are Bulgarian, from holy books, and not from the living Slavic language, which the Finns of Muscovy just do not It was. Otherwise, it is impossible to understand why the Russians do not have the surnames of the Belarusians living nearby at all (in –iy and –ich), but the Bulgarian surnames - although the Bulgarians are not at all bordering Moscow, but live thousands of kilometers away from it. The mass nature of surnames with animal names is explained by Lev Uspensky in the book “Mysteries of Toponymy” (M., 1973) by the fact that in the Middle Ages people had two names - from parents, and from baptism, and “from parents” then it was “fashionable” to give names animals. As he writes, then in the family the children had the names Hare, Wolf, Bear, etc. This pagan tradition was embodied in the mass character of "animal" surnames.

ABOUT BELARUSIANS

A special topic in this study is the genetic identity of Belarusians and Poles. This did not become the subject of attention of Russian scientists, because it is outside of Russia. But it is very interesting for us. The very fact of the genetic identity of Poles and Belarusians is not unexpected. The very history of our countries confirms it - the main part of the ethnic group of Belarusians and Poles is not the Slavs, but the Slavicized Western Balts, but their genetic "passport" is so close to the Slavic that it would be almost difficult to find differences in the genes between the Slavs and Prussians, Mazurs, Dainova , Yotvingians, etc. This is what unites the Poles and Belarusians, the descendants of the Slavicized Western Balts. This ethnic community also explains the creation of the Union State of the Commonwealth. The famous Belarusian historian V.U. Lastovsky in his “Brief History of Belarus” (Vilna, 1910) writes that negotiations on the creation of the Union State of Belarusians and Poles began ten times: in 1401, 1413, 1438, 1451, 1499, 1501, 1563, 1564, 1566, 1567. - and ended for the eleventh time with the creation of the Union in 1569. Where does such persistence come from? Obviously - only from the awareness of the ethnic community, because the ethnic group of Poles and Belarusians was created on the dissolution of the Western Balts. But the Czechs and Slovaks, who were also part of the first in the history of the Slavic Union of the peoples of the Commonwealth, no longer felt this degree of closeness, because they did not have a “Baltic component” in themselves. And even more alienation was among the Ukrainians, who saw this as little ethnic kinship and eventually entered into a complete confrontation with the Poles. The studies of Russian geneticists allow us to take a completely different look at our entire history, because many political events and political preferences of the peoples of Europe are largely explained precisely by the genetics of their ethnic group - which has so far remained hidden from historians. It was the genetics and genetic relationship of ethnic groups that were the most important forces in the political processes of medieval Europe. The genetic map of peoples, created by Russian scientists, allows you to look at the wars and alliances of the Middle Ages from a completely different angle.

The results of research by Russian scientists on the gene pool of the Russian people will be assimilated in society for a long time, because they completely refute all our ideas, reducing them to the level of unscientific myths. This new knowledge is not so much to be understood as it is necessary to get used to it. Now the concept of “Eastern Slavs” has become absolutely unscientific, the congresses of Slavs in Minsk are unscientific, where not Slavs from Russia gather at all, but Russian-speaking Finns from Russia, who are not genetically Slavs and have nothing to do with the Slavs. The very status of these "congresses of the Slavs" is completely discredited by Russian scientists. The Russian people are named according to the results of these studies by Russian scientists not Slavs, but Finns. The population of Eastern Ukraine is also named Finns, while the population of Western Ukraine is genetically Sarmatians. That is, the Ukrainian people are also not Slavs. Belarusians are genetically named the only Slavs from the "Eastern Slavs", but they are genetically identical to the Poles - which means they are not "Eastern Slavs" at all, but genetically Western Slavs. In fact, this means the geopolitical collapse of the Slavic Triangle of the "Eastern Slavs", because Belarusians turned out to be genetically Poles, Russians - Finns, and Ukrainians - Finns and Sarmatians. Of course, propaganda will continue to try to hide this fact from the population, but you can't hide an awl in a sack. As well as not to close the mouth of scientists, not to hide their latest genetic research. Scientific progress cannot be stopped. Therefore, the discoveries of Russian scientists are not just a scientific sensation, but a BOMB capable of undermining all the current foundations in the ideas of peoples. That is why the Russian magazine Vlast gave this fact an extremely worried assessment: “Russian scientists have completed and are preparing for publication the first large-scale study of the gene pool of the Russian people. The publication of the results could have unpredictable consequences for Russia and the world order.” The magazine did not exaggerate.

Almost seventy years ago, on May 22, 1949, an incident occurred that gave the science of psychiatry a new term - "Forrestal's syndrome." Named after James Forrestal, the first US Secretary of Defense who killed himself in a naval hospital while shouting "The Russians are coming!"

They say that the general was not all right with his head - everywhere he imagined enemies, Russian spies and conspiracies. In the end, I scared myself to death...

What is happening now in America and a number of European countries is very similar to the epidemic of the “Forrestal syndrome”. Anti-Russian hysteria has reached such a level there that, willy-nilly, one begins to fear for the mental health of the entire Western civilization. Russia is to blame for everything, simply because it exists.

Well, yes, God, as they say, is with them. Let them go crazy with fear or anger ...

However, in all this "monotony of feelings" in our address there is one point that cannot but be alarming. Therefore, in the last century, humanity paid for it with millions of lives.

This refers to the Nazi racial theory of "superior" and "inferior" races, with its pseudoscientific idea that the superiority of some and the inferiority of others are due to biological nature. That is, there are "genetically correct" nations, and there are "genetic garbage".

On this "formula" the Nazis built a gigantic death machine for the destruction of entire nations. Jews, gypsies, Slavs - first of all, Russians and Poles - were subject to extermination as "inferior", from the point of view of the ideologists of German Nazism, races.

In Nuremberg, during the tribunal (1945-1946) over Nazi criminals, this misanthropic theory was recognized as unscientific and condemned, like its followers.

And today we again hear speeches about “wrong genetics”. And they sound exclusively to the Russians, who, it turns out, have a "genetic inclination" to deception and lies.

For example, former Director of National Intelligence James Clapper thinks so.

“Everything we know about the Russians: how they interfered in our elections, and in general, how the Russians are used to doing, who are almost genetically prone and tend to cheat, infiltrate, assimilate, extract benefits and all that kind of stuff. So we have something to be concerned about,"- quotes the speech of the American retired general on the air of NBC "Russian Spring".

And the well-known senator McCain, in an interview with Australians the other day, frightened the world with the fact that the Russians are more dangerous than ISIS *.

What is there to be surprised when the Ukrainian authorities are trying to portray the inhabitants of Donbass as “genetically flawed”, many of whom, by the way, consider themselves Russians too. Students in pathological Russophobia have long even surpassed their overseas teachers.

You can, of course, explain all this by progressive insanity or paranoia of individuals.

But is this the only reason why they want to make “global evil” out of Russians today?

“SP” addressed this and other questions to the Director General of the Institute of Regional Problems, political scientist Dmitry Zhuravlev:

First, although the American ideology never came from genetics, until recently. Simply because its foundations were laid in the eighteenth century, when there was no genetics yet. No. Even Mendelian. But the thesis “God is with us!” has always been there. That is, the idea of ​​God's chosenness of the American nation has always existed. In this sense, they differ from Hitler in only one thing - they did not use the genetic theory to prove this thesis.

Yes, they were not looking for a biological basis. But they did not look for it, not because they were so fundamentally better. But because they were so sure of their superiority that they did not consider it necessary to prove it.

As for Ukraine, the guys want to show their specialness so much that they are ready to admit the genetic inferiority of all mankind, except for them and the Americans. This is trouble. For young countries, this is generally a very difficult problem: how to distinguish yourself? And in the conditions of military psychosis, it takes such ugly forms. Moreover, the basis of the ideology of modern Ukraine is the OUN-UPA **, whose leaders, in general, did not go far from Hitler.

Why are the Russians the object of this genetic insanity?

In Ukraine, it's understandable. The most "terrible enemy". Crimea - "selected". Donbass - "conquered". Only for some reason, at the same time, we feed the “great Ukrainian nation” all the time.

Here, by the way, one of their observers said that “we must apply sanctions against Russia, and Russia has no right to apply sanctions against Ukraine. Because Russia is an aggressor, but Ukraine is not.” And this is completely serious - the person did not see any problem in his words.

- Everything has been clear with Ukraine for a long time. But other countries where there seems to be no reason for psychosis, why are they going crazy?

Because for them we are different. We are white, but different.

That is, two reasons. Firstly, the fact that we, with external similarity, give completely different cultural codes. This is really, really scary. The second reason is that we are the only country in the world capable of inflicting unacceptable military damage on America. This reason has nothing to do with culture or nation. It is purely military and political.

And so we, in principle, are to blame. Even if, as in the "nineties", we shout at all corners that "America is the best!", "We must live like in America!", "We will do everything to live like in America!".

Only if we behaved like in the 90s, then only generals would be afraid of us. And if we behave as we do now, and do not issue the codes familiar to them, then not only the generals are afraid of us. But almost the entire elite.

And why does it happen in the form of psychosis? Because there is a clear degradation of modern elites. In reality, this is a much more serious issue.

The fact is that practically since 1945 the world has been quite stable for the West. And the elites of the stable time are the elites who did nothing. Because the elite is a "mechanism" to ensure stability.

If this stability already exists, then the elite stops working. And any structure that ceases to fulfill its function begins to degrade. Because if there are functions, then we are forced to attract worthy ones in order to implement this function. When there is no function, not worthy ones are attracted, but the most convenient ones. Usually the most comfortable ones are the idiots.

The other side of the same coin is liberal ideology itself.

- In what sense?

In the sense that liberal ideology today is very different from nineteenth century liberalism, when it was a fairly rational theory. That is, the liberalism of the nineteenth century says that a person should be free from power - the state should not restrict the freedom of a person (well, within some limits). The current one is that a person should be free from society.

Here I am, and there is nothing else. If there is “something”, these are his problems, let him not bother me. This "something" - be it faith, family, social relations, economics - does not concern me. There is only my navel, I look at it, and I am great.

Such an ideological basis can create nothing but psychiatric problems. Because a person is not really free from society. If he considers himself as such, then a doctor should be called.

That is, the current Western liberal ideology generates psychosis by itself. And our dissimilarity lies precisely in the unwillingness to accept it. And it just causes an angry hysteria.

We are infidels. After all, liberal ideology in its current form can only exist as a "religion". And if we do not accept it, then the attitude towards us as people who believe is wrong.

Are we heretics to them?

Yes. And the attitude towards heretics is always an emotional attitude. This is how they treat us. In this sense, everything is clear.

The question is what to do about it? On mind, what to do with the sick? They need to be treated. You can't argue with this. After all, what is crazy? If you could stop him, say: “No, the Russians are not coming” ... But if you turn away, he will still do something to himself.

- But if the same Hitler had been stopped in time, this infection would not have spread to the whole of Europe later ...

This is a different issue. Crazy people should be limited. If madness is a private matter, treat it - and well. And if madness turns into a form of state policy, then it turns out just the Nazi Reich.

If Hitler had privately sat at home, talking about the greatness of the German nation, it would have been insulting. But no more. But if it turns into a basis for making political decisions, it is very dangerous.

Fortunately, despite the fact that Russophobia is a massively widespread phenomenon in Western society, there are still quite a few sane people there. They may not like us. But in order for their dislike for us to become the basis for action, there must still be some grounds.

The closest example is Mr. Trump. Why is he so hated? He is a man with his shortcomings and very serious ones. But he, as a businessman, is a man of reality. And not a fan of the liberal "religion". He is an unbeliever, in that sense.

At the same time, he, like the majority of the American elite, is confident in the God's chosen people of the American people. But he, as a rational person, does not consider this a basis for doing frank nonsense.

These are the people of rational sense today who are our biggest allies, no matter how they treat us.

Brzezinski recently died. He was a consistent enemy of Russia. Always. He lived to crush Russia. It was his dream, his fixed idea. But he was a rational person. Therefore, it was possible to negotiate with him.

- At the end of his life, he seems to have changed his position regarding our country?

No. The dream remains the same. He just, as a rational person, realized that it was unattainable. And he had the guts to say it.

Yes, he still dreamed that all Russians flew to the moon. But, as a smart person, he calculated and understood: they would not fly away. And he honestly said about this: "A unipolar world is impossible."

But he was a "knight of the unipolar world." The crushing of the USSR and the absolute hegemony of the United States - that's what he dreamed of in the 70s. But even then it was possible to talk to him. And many Russian Soviet diplomats and politicians communicated with him. Despite the fact that he was a consistent anti-Soviet and Russophobe.

Brzezinski is just proof that the enemy, if he is sane, in general, is much less harmful than those who are ready to jump out of the window.

Therefore, today the task for us is to find support in the West in the person of, for example, Henry Kissinger, and to resist precisely psychosis. You see, when you're running a real case, you can't be mentally ill. Because you need to produce something, achieve some results… It will not work if you are sick.

And these "troubadours of Russophobia" like McCain, they are not engaged in any specific activity. That is why it is so easy for them to say what they say. Reality doesn't bother them.

But contact with those who rely on common sense is probably the only tactic we can afford today. Arguments are powerless against faith. We cannot convince these people that they are wrong. Because they do not rely on any arguments. They simply believe that "Russia is an evil empire", that "all Russians are inferior, they must be destroyed and live happily."

It's impossible to fight this logically. You just need to find those who do not believe in it. There are quite a few of them, including high-ranking people. If there were no such people, Trump would not have become president. And Merkel would not have come to Moscow, but would have continued to talk about "how can we curb Russia."

We hear all the time that Russians are not a people united by blood, kindred by blood, but a conglomerate of people united by a common culture and territory. Everyone remembers Putin's catch phrases "There are no pure Russians!" and "scratch every Russian, you will certainly find a Tatar."

They say that we are “very different in blood”, “not sprouted from the same root”, but were a melting pot for the Tatar, Caucasian, German, Finnish, Buryat, Mordovian and other peoples who ever ran, entered, strayed on our land, and we accepted them all, let them into the house, took them into relatives.

It has become almost an axiom in use by politicians who blur the concept of Russian, and at the same time for everyone it was an entrance ticket to the environment of the Russian people.

This approach, raised to the flag by numerous Russophobic a la "human rights" organizations and Russian Russophobic media outlets, flooded the airwaves. But, sooner or later, Putin and others like him will still have to answer for their words of humiliation of the Russian people. The verdict of scientists is merciless:

1) In 2009, a complete “reading” (sequencing) of the genome of a representative of the Russian ethnic group was completed. That is, the sequence of all six billion nucleotides in the genome of the Russian man has been determined. His entire genetic economy is now in full view.

(The human genome consists of 23 pairs of chromosomes: 23 from the mother, 23 from the father. Each chromosome contains one DNA molecule formed by a chain of 50-250 million nucleotides. The genome of the Russian man was sequenced. The Russian genome was deciphered on the basis of the National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", on the initiative of Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Director of the National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute" Mikhail Kovalchuk. According to information received from the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Kurchatov Institute spent approximately $ 20 million only on the purchase of equipment for sequencing. Center "Kurchatov Institute" has a recognized scientific status in the world.)

It is known that this is the seventh deciphered gene behind the Ural ridge: before that there were Yakuts, Buryats, Chinese, Kazakhs, Old Believers, Khanty. That is, all the prerequisites for the first ethnic map of Russia have been created. But all these were, so to speak, composite genomes: pieces assembled after deciphering the genetic material of different representatives of the same population.

The full genetic portrait of a particular Russian man is only the eighth in the world. Now there is someone to compare the Russians with: with an American, an African, a Korean, a European ...

“We did not find noticeable Tatar introductions in the Russian genome, which refutes theories about the destructive influence of the Mongol yoke,” emphasizes Academician Konstantin Skryabin, head of the genomic department at the Kurchatov Institute. -Siberians are genetically identical to the Old Believers, they have one Russian genome. There are no differences between the genomes of Russians and Ukrainians - one genome. Our differences with the Poles are scanty.”

Academician Konstantin Skryabin believes that "in five or six years a genetic map of all the peoples of the world will be drawn up - this is a decisive step towards understanding the susceptibility of any ethnic group to medicines, diseases and products." Feel what it costs... Americans in the 1990s gave the following estimates: the cost of sequencing one nucleotide is $1; according to other sources - up to 3-5 dollars.

(Sequencing (reading by letter of the genetic code) of mitochondrial DNA and DNA of the human Y-chromosome is the most advanced DNA analysis methods to date .. Mitochondrial DNA is transmitted through the female line from generation to generation, practically unchanged since the time when "the progenitor of mankind Eve "Climbed off a tree in East Africa. And the Y chromosome is only found in men and therefore is also transmitted to male offspring practically unchanged, while all other chromosomes, when transmitted from father and mother to their children, are shuffled by nature, like a deck of cards before distribution. Thus , unlike indirect signs (appearance, body proportions), sequencing of mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome DNA indisputably and directly indicates the degree of relatedness of people.)

2) An outstanding anthropologist, researcher of human biological nature, A.P. Bogdanov wrote at the end of the 19th century: “We often use expressions: this is purely Russian beauty, this is the spitting image of a hare, a typical Russian face. One can be convinced that not something fantastic, but real, lies in this general expression Russian physiognomy. In each of us, in the sphere of our “unconscious”, there is a rather definite concept of the Russian type ”(A.P. Bogdanov“ Anthropological Physiognomy ”. M., 1878).

A hundred years later, and now the modern anthropologist V. Deryabin, using the latest method of mathematical multidimensional analysis of mixed features, comes to the same conclusion: “The first and most important conclusion is to ascertain the significant unity of Russians throughout Russia and the impossibility to single out even the corresponding regional types, clearly delimited from each other” (“Issues of Anthropology”, Issue 88, 1995). How is this Russian anthropological unity expressed, the unity of hereditary genetic traits, expressed in the appearance of a person, in the structure of his body?

First of all - hair color and eye color, the shape of the structure of the skull. According to these features, we Russians differ both from European peoples and from the Mongoloids. And we cannot be compared with Negroes and Semites at all, the differences are too striking. Academician V.P. Alekseev proved a high degree of similarity in the structure of the skull among all representatives of the modern Russian people, while specifying that the “Proto-Slavic type” is very stable and has its roots in the Neolithic, and possibly the Mesolithic. According to the calculations of the anthropologist Deryabin, light eyes (gray, gray-blue, blue and blue) are found in 45 percent of Russians, in Western Europe only 35 percent are light-eyed. Dark, black hair in Russians is found in five percent, in the population of foreign Europe - in 45 percent. The conventional wisdom about the "snub-nosedness" of the Russians is not confirmed either. In 75 percent of Russians, a straight nose profile is found.

Conclusion of anthropologists:
“Russians in their racial composition are typical Caucasians, who by most anthropological features occupy a central position among the peoples of Europe and are distinguished by somewhat lighter pigmentation of their eyes and hair. It should also recognize the significant unity of the racial type of Russians throughout European Russia.
“A Russian is a European, but a European with physical characteristics peculiar only to him. These signs make up what we call a typical hare.”

Anthropologists seriously scratched the Russian, and - there is no Tatar, that is, a Mongoloid, in the Russians. One of the typical signs of a Mongoloid is epicanthus - a Mongolian fold at the inner corner of the eye. In typical Mongoloids, this fold is found in 95 percent, in a study of eight and a half thousand Russians, such a fold was found in only 12 people, and in an embryonic form.

Another example. Russians literally have a special blood - the predominance of the 1st and 2nd groups, which is evidenced by the many years of practice of blood transfusion stations. In Jews, for example, the predominant blood type is the 4th, and a negative Rh factor is more common. In biochemical blood tests, it turned out that the Russians, like all European peoples, are characterized by a special gene RN-c, this gene is practically absent in the Mongoloids (O.V. Borisova "Polymorphism of erythrocyte acid phosphatase in various population groups of the Soviet Union." "Issues of anthropology Issue 53, 1976).

It turns out, no matter how you scrape a Russian, you still won’t find a Tatar, you won’t find anyone else in him. This is also confirmed by the encyclopedia “Peoples of Russia”, in the chapter “Racial Composition of the Population of Russia” it is noted: “Representatives of the Caucasoid race make up more than 90 percent of the country's population and about 9 percent are representatives of forms mixed between Caucasoids and Mongoloids. The number of pure Mongoloids does not exceed 1 million people. (“Peoples of Russia”. M., 1994).

It is easy to calculate that if there are 84 percent of Russians in Russia, then all of them are exclusively a people of the European type. The peoples of Siberia, the Volga region, the Caucasus, the Urals are a mixture of the European and Mongolian races. This was beautifully expressed by the anthropologist A.P. Bogdanov in the 19th century, studying the peoples of Russia, he wrote, refuting from his far, far away the current myth that the Russians poured foreign blood into their people during the era of invasions and colonizations:

“Maybe many Russians married native women and became settled, but most of the primitive Russian colonialists throughout Russia and Siberia were not like that. It was a trading, industrial people, anxious to arrange themselves according to their own, in accordance with their own ideal of well-being created for themselves. And this ideal of a Russian person is not at all such that it is easy to twist his life with some kind of “trash”, just as now a Russian person honors a non-believer quite often. He will conduct business with him, will be affectionate and friendly with him, will enter into friendship with him in everything, except for intermarrying, in order to introduce a foreign element into his family. Ordinary Russian people are still strong for this, and when it comes to the family, to the rooting of their home, here he has a kind of aristocracy. Often settlers of different tribes live in the neighborhood, but marriages between them are rare.

For thousands of years, the Russian physical type has remained stable and unchanged, and has never been a cross between different tribes that inhabited our land from time to time. The myth has been dispelled, we must understand that the call of blood is not an empty phrase, that our national idea of ​​the Russian type is the reality of the Russian breed. We must learn to see this breed, admire it, appreciate it in our close and distant Russian relatives. And then, perhaps, our Russian appeal to completely alien, but our own people for us will be revived - father, mother, brother, sister, son and daughter. After all, in fact, we are all from a single root, from one kind - the Russian kind.

3) Anthropologists were able to identify the appearance of a typical Russian person. To do this, they had to translate into a single scale all the photographs from the photo library of the Museum of Anthropology with full-face and profile images of typical representatives of the population of the Russian regions of the country and, combining them in the pupils of the eyes, overlay each other. The final photo portraits turned out, of course, blurry, but they gave an idea of ​​the appearance of the reference Russian people. This was the first truly sensational discovery. Indeed, similar attempts by French scientists led to a result that they had to hide from the citizens of their country: after thousands of combinations with the received photographs of the reference Jacques and Marianne, gray faceless ovals of faces looked. Such a picture, even among the French most distant from anthropology, could cause an unnecessary question: is there a French nation at all?

Unfortunately, anthropologists did not go further than creating photographic portraits of typical representatives of the Russian population in different regions of the country and did not superimpose them on top of each other in order to obtain the appearance of an absolute Russian person. In the end, they were forced to admit that such a photo could get them into trouble at work. By the way, the "regional" sketches of the Russian people were published in the general press only in 2002, and before that they were published in small editions only in scientific publications for specialists. Now you can judge for yourself how similar they are to the typical cinematic Ivanushka and Marya.

Unfortunately, mostly black and white old archival photos of the faces of Russian people do not allow us to convey the height, physique, skin color, hair and eyes of a Russian person. However, anthropologists have created a verbal portrait of Russian men and women. These are of medium build and medium height, light brown-haired with light eyes - gray or blue. By the way, in the course of the research, a verbal portrait of a typical Ukrainian was also obtained. The reference Ukrainian differs from the Russian only in the color of his skin, hair and eyes - he is a swarthy brunette with regular features and brown eyes. The snub nose turned out to be absolutely uncharacteristic of the Eastern Slav (found only in 7% of Russians and Ukrainians), this feature is more typical for Germans (25%).

4) In 2000, the Russian Foundation for Basic Research allocated about half a million rubles from state budget funds to study the gene pool of the Russian people. It is impossible to implement a serious program with such funding. But it was more of a landmark than just a financial decision, indicating a change in the country's scientific priorities. For the first time in the Russian Academy of Sciences, scientists from the Laboratory of Human Population Genetics of the Medical Genetic Center of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, who received a grant from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, were able to fully focus on studying the gene pool of the Russian people, and not small peoples, for three years. And limited funding only spurred their ingenuity. They supplemented their molecular genetic studies with an analysis of the frequency distribution of Russian surnames in the country. This method was very cheap, but its information content exceeded all expectations: a comparison of the geography of surnames with the geography of genetic DNA markers showed their almost complete coincidence.

Unfortunately, the interpretations of family analysis that appeared in the media after the first publication of the data in a specialized scientific journal could create a false impression of the goals and results of the huge work of scientists. The project manager, Doctor of Science Elena Balanovskaya, explained that the main thing was not that the surname Smirnov turned out to be more common among Russian people than Ivanov, but that for the first time a complete list of truly Russian surnames was compiled by region of the country. First, lists were compiled for five conditional regions - Northern, Central, Central-Western, Central-Eastern and Southern. In total, about 15 thousand Russian surnames were accumulated in all regions, most of which were found only in one of the regions and were absent in others. When regional lists were superimposed on each other, scientists identified a total of 257 so-called "all-Russian surnames". Interestingly, at the final stage of the study, they decided to add the names of residents of the Krasnodar Territory to the list of the Southern Region, expecting that the predominance of Ukrainian surnames of the descendants of the Zaporizhzhya Cossacks evicted here by Catherine II would significantly reduce the all-Russian list. But this additional restriction reduced the list of all-Russian surnames by only 7 units - to 250. From which the obvious and not pleasant conclusion followed that the Kuban was inhabited mainly by Russian people. And where did the Ukrainians go and were there at all here - the big question.

For three years, the participants of the Russian Gene Pool project went around with a syringe and a test tube almost the entire European territory of the Russian Federation and made a very representative sample of Russian blood.

However, cheap indirect methods for studying the genetics of the Russian people (by surnames and dermatoglyphics) were only auxiliary for the first study in Russia of the gene pool of the titular nationality. His main molecular genetic results are available in the monograph Russian Gene Pool (Luch ed.). Unfortunately, due to the lack of state funding, the scientists had to carry out part of the study jointly with foreign colleagues, who imposed a moratorium on many results until joint publications were published in the scientific press. Nothing prevents us from describing these data in words. So, according to the Y-chromosome, the genetic distance between Russians and Finns is 30 conventional units. And the genetic distance between a Russian person and the so-called Finno-Ugric peoples (Mari, Veps, etc.) living on the territory of the Russian Federation is 2-3 units. Simply put, genetically they are almost identical. The results of the analysis of mitochondrial DNA show that the Russians from the Tatars are at the same genetic distance of 30 conventional units that separate us from the Finns, but between the Ukrainians from Lviv and the Tatars the genetic distance is only 10 units. And at the same time, Ukrainians from the left-bank Ukraine are genetically as close to Russians as Komi-Zyryans, Mordvins and Mari.

Based on materials from http://www.genofond.ru, http://www.cell.com/AJHG/, http://www.yhrd.org, http://narodinfo.ru, http://www.vechnayamolodost .ru, http://www.medgenetics.ru, http://www.kiae.ru

American geneticists found out that four and a half thousand years ago, on the Central Russian plain, a boy was born with a slightly different haplogroup than his father, to which scientists assigned the genetic classification R1a1.

The paternal R1a mutated and a new R1a1 arose.

The mutation turned out to be very viable. The genus R1a1, which was initiated by this same boy, survived and bred over a vast area. Currently, the owners of the haplogroup R1a1 make up 70% of the total male population of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus, and in ancient Russian cities and villages - up to 80%.

R1a1 is a biological marker of the Russian ethnic group. This set of nucleotides is "Russian" in terms of genetics.

So, having arisen 4500 years ago on the Central Russian plain, the Russian people quickly multiplied and began to expand their habitat.

4000 years ago, our ancestors went to the Urals and created Arkaim and the “civilization of cities” there with many copper mines and international connections up to Crete (chemical analysis of some of the products found there shows that the copper is Ural).

They then looked exactly the same as we do now, the ancient Rus did not have any Mongoloid and other non-Russian features. Scientists have recreated the appearance of a young woman from the "civilization of cities" from the bone remains - a typical Russian beauty has turned out, millions of the same live in our time in the Russian outback.

After another 500 years, three and a half thousand years ago, the haplogroup R1a1 appeared in India. The history of the arrival of Russians in India is better known than other vicissitudes of the territorial expansion of our ancestors thanks to the ancient Indian epic, in which its circumstances are described in sufficient detail. But there is other evidence of this epic, including archaeological and linguistic.

According to a huge array of data accumulated by linguistics, a comparative analysis of languages, the ancient Rus, newcomers from the north to India and Iran, knew snow, cold, they are familiar with birch, ash, beech, wolves, bears, horses.

It is known that the ancient Rus were called Aryans at that time - this is how they are recorded in Indian texts. It is also known that it was not the local Indians who gave them this name, but that it was a self-name. Convincing evidence of this has been preserved in hydronymics and toponymy - the Ariyka River, the villages of Upper Ariy and Lower Ariy in the Perm region, in the very heart of the Ural civilization of cities, etc.

The first monument of the Indian epic, which speaks of the appearance of the Aryans, was written in writing four hundred years later, in the 11th century BC, and in the 3rd century BC, the ancient Indian literary language Sanskrit, surprisingly similar to the modern Russian language, was already completed.

Now men of the Russian genus R1a1 make up 16% of the total male population of India, and in the higher castes they are almost half - 47%, which indicates the active participation of the Aryans in the formation of the Indian aristocracy (the second half of the men of the higher castes are represented by local tribes, mainly Dravidian).

Unfortunately, information on the ethnogenetics of the population of Iran is not yet available, but the scientific community is unanimous in their opinion about the Aryan (that is, Russian) roots of the ancient Iranian civilization. The ancient name of Iran is Arian, and the Persian kings liked to emphasize their Aryan origin, which is eloquently evidenced, in particular, by their popular name Darius. This means that there were Russians there in ancient times.

Another wave of representatives of the genus R1a1 went south and reached the Arabian Peninsula, the Gulf of Oman, where Qatar, Kuwait, and the United Arab Emirates are now located. The local Arabs, having received the results of DNA testing, look with amazement at the test certificate with the haplotype and haplogroup R1a1.

And these certificates define the boundaries of the range of the campaigns of the ancient Aryans. The calculations below show that the times of these trips to Arabia are 4 thousand years ago.

Our ancestors migrated from the ethnic home not only to the east, to the Urals, and to the south, to India and Iran, but also to the west, where European countries are now located.

In the western direction, geneticists have complete statistics: in Poland, the owners of the Russian (Aryan) haplogroup R1a1 make up 57% of the male population, in Latvia, Lithuania, the Czech Republic and Slovakia - 40%, in Germany, Norway and Sweden - 18%, in Bulgaria - 12 %, and in England the least - 3%.

Unfortunately, so far there is no ethnogenetic information on the European tribal aristocracy, and therefore it is impossible to determine whether the share of ethnic Russians is evenly distributed over all social strata of the population or, as in India and, presumably, in Iran, the Aryans were nobility in those lands where they came .

The only reliable evidence in favor of the latest version was a side result of a genetic examination to establish the authenticity of the remains of the family of Nicholas II.
The Y-chromosomes of the tsar and heir Alexei were identical to samples taken from their relatives from the English royal family.

And this means that at least one royal house in Europe, namely the house of the German Hohenzollerns, of which the English Windsors are a branch, has Aryan roots.

However, Western Europeans (haplogroup R1b) are in any case our closest relatives, oddly enough, much closer than the northern Slavs (haplogroup N) and the southern Slavs (haplogroup I1b).

Our common ancestor with Western Europeans lived about 13,000 years ago, at the end of the Ice Age, five thousand years before gathering began to develop into crop production, and hunting into cattle breeding. That is, in a very gray-haired Kamennovoe antiquity. And the Slavs by blood are even further away from us.

The settlement of Aryan Russians to the east, south and west (there was simply nowhere to go further north, and so, according to the Indian Vedas, before coming to India they lived near the Arctic Circle) became the biological prerequisite for the formation of a special language group, Indo-European.

These are almost all European languages, some languages ​​of modern Iran and India, and, of course, the Russian language and ancient Sanskrit, which are closest to each other for an obvious reason - in time (Sanskrit) and in space (Russian) they are next to the original source, the Aryan parent language from which all other Indo-European languages ​​grew.

The foregoing is irrefutable natural science facts, moreover, obtained by independent American scientists. Challenging them is like disagreeing with the results of a blood test in a clinic. They are not disputed. They are simply hushed up. They are hushing up together and stubbornly, they are hushing up, one might say, totally. And there are reasons for that.

The first such reason is quite trivial and comes down to scientific false solidarity. Too many theories, concepts, and scientific reputations will have to be refuted if they are revised in the light of the latest discoveries of ethnogenetics.

For example, you will have to rethink everything that is known about the Tatar-Mongol invasion of Russia. The armed conquest of peoples and lands was always and everywhere accompanied at that time by the mass rape of local women. Traces in the form of Mongolian and Turkic haplogroups should have remained in the blood of the male part of the Russian population.

But they are not! Solid R1a1 and nothing else, the purity of the blood is amazing. This means that the Horde that came to Russia was not at all what it is customary to think about it, if the Mongols were present there, then in a statistically insignificant number, and who was called "Tatars" is not at all clear. Well, which of the scientists will refute the scientific foundations, supported by mountains of literature and great authorities?!

No one wants to spoil relations with colleagues and be branded as an extremist, destroying established myths. In academia, this happens all the time - if the facts don't match the theory, so much the worse for the facts.

The second reason, incomparably more weighty, relates to the sphere of geopolitics. The history of human civilization appears in a new and completely unexpected light, and this cannot but have serious political consequences.

Throughout modern history, the pillars of European scientific and political thought proceeded from the idea of ​​Russians as barbarians, recently off the Christmas trees, backward by nature and incapable of creative work.

And suddenly it turns out that the Russians are the very Aryans who had a decisive influence on the formation of great civilizations in India, Iran and in Europe itself. That Europeans owe a lot to Russians in their prosperous life, starting with the languages ​​they speak.

It is no coincidence that in recent history, a third of the most important discoveries and inventions belong to ethnic Russians in Russia itself and abroad. It is no coincidence that the Russian people were able to repel the invasions of the united forces of continental Europe led by Napoleon and then Hitler. Etc.

It is no coincidence that behind all this is a great historical tradition, thoroughly forgotten over many centuries, but remaining in the collective subconscious of the Russian people and manifesting itself whenever the nation faces new challenges.

Manifested with iron inevitability due to the fact that it has grown on a material, biological basis in the form of Russian blood, which has remained unchanged for four and a half millennia.

It is very important to know this and evaluate current events, words and actions of people through the prism of knowledge, determine one's own place in the history of the great biosocial phenomenon called the "Russian nation".

Knowledge of the history of the people obliges a person to try to be at the level of the great achievements of his ancestors, and this is the most terrible thing for the enemies of the Russian nation. That is why they try to hide this knowledge. And we will try to make it publicly available.

"The genetic code of a Russian person" - Boris Karlov http://community.livejournal.com/ru_politics/34385021.html

Reviews

Thank you Sergey for a very interesting post.
Lydia Lubomirskaya has an equally interesting publication in her diary on stichera.
And it is interesting in that it describes in detail the resettlement of peoples by blood, the signs of which you use.
And all this was in the memory of our people and scientifically confirmed.