Essays based on the texts of the open fipi bank. About language, attentive and thoughtful attitude to it Now that it has become more difficult to think
Practice 3. Work on the content of the essay. Conclusion to the essay.
(before reading this article, read the first part: " Analysis of the source text (USE in the Russian language, part C) and the creation of an essay. Theory")
A good composition requires the necessary compositional parts: introduction, body and conclusion. In the essay, characterized by semantic integrity and compositional harmony, the introductory and final parts are commensurate in volume and comparable in content. To verify the validity of this statement, try reading the introductory and final parts of each of the essays below.
In the final part of the essay, everything that has been said is summed up, a generalization is made; the thought expressed in the introductory part can also be deployed. At the end of the reasoning, the graduate can express a position in relation to the problem posed in the text, thoughts can be expressed in connection with the topic raised by the author of the text. Below are a few possible options for the final part essays - reasoning.
Text 1 (Introduction to essay. Text 1).
Conclusion.
V. Soloukhin leads us to a very important understanding: we live in this world, but do not know it. We often deprive ourselves of the opportunity to feel that inexpressible state of mind and body, which gives us communication with nature. But the world of beauty and harmony is open to each of us, and we can always experience closeness to nature, see it in a way that we have not seen before. You just have to want.
Text 2.
(1) Now, when it has become more difficult to think than to inform the whole world about our thoughts, some stunning absurdities, the fruits of new Russian education, have begun to take root in our lives. (2) For some reason, Suvorov was especially unlucky here. (Z) No, no, yes, and you will hear from the mouth of a television observer: they say, as he said Suvorov, hard in teaching - easy in battle!
(4) But Suvorov is a great man, he basically could not say such nonsense! (5) Already someone, but he understood: in a battle where your comrades-in-arms are killed, where your mortal enemy comes at you with a weapon in your hands, it cannot be easy! (6) Suvorov but he said something else, namely: it is difficult in the study - it is easy in the campaign! (7) On a campaign, not in battle! (8) For there is nothing more terrible and harder than a fight!
(9) Even more absurd is the now widespread interpretation Suvorov words as if the war is not over until the last soldier is buried. (10) Having understood the word "buried" in the literal sense, voluntary gravediggers, having appropriated the unjustified mission of the finalists of the Great Patriotic War, convince us from television screens: not all soldiers are buried; the war is not over; the heroic deeds of the Russian army can only be recognized at the moment when they, the funeral directors, bury the remains of the last Russian soldier in the ground! (11) Yes, think about what you are saying! (12) Tens of thousands of soldiers disappeared without a trace, not a shred of flesh was left of them, they really disappeared without a trace. (13) They cannot be buried! (14) So what? (15) Do not consider a single war in history finished? (16) Isn't it easier to assume: you didn't understand what he said Suvorov! (17) He said: the war, the hostilities are not over until he is buried, that is, until he is killed, while he is alive, while he is holding a weapon in his hands and while the last soldier is fighting! (18) After all, this is military duty: to fight to the last fighter. (19) And until this last soldier is killed, figuratively speaking, not buried, the war is not over!
(According to G. Smirnov)
Introduction.
The author of the text is concerned about the thoughtless use of catchphrases that have passed through time and preserved for us by our ancestors. These words of talented and experienced people contain the wisdom of life, but it is understandable only to thinking people.
Conclusion.
History prepares us for the future by teaching us about the past—this is the idea that G. Smirnov helps us understand. And we must be attentive to these teachings of history, and for this we need to know how its most important events took place, what were the people who participated in them and performed them, and we need to be careful about all the winged expressions that contain the great wisdom of our ancestors.
Texts from the "Open Bank of Unified State Examination Tasks" 2014 FIPI (for essays)
G. Smirnov. Now that it's harder to think
According to S. Kokorina. Education ... (2) This word has a great many definitions
According to E. Vinokurov. It's safe to say that there are few poets in the world
S. Lvov. Reading aloud at home is very close…
According to S. Zalygin. Nothing presents such opportunities for personal development...
According to V. Soloukhin. The editor told me...
S. Soloveichik. Usually the word "faith" is associated with "faith in God" ...
According to K.G. Paustovsky. There are many preconceptions and prejudices about writing
E. Rich. What is the meaning of our communication with art, literature ...
According to D. Granin. Is mercy practiced in our lives?
K.G. Paustovsky. Autumn this year was - all the way - dry and warm.
According to K. Balmont. Three years ago I left Moscow….
According to G. Chernikov. Earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, eruptions...
N.V. Gogol. It must be said that we have in Russia if ....
G. Smirnov. The globe lives its own, unpredictable life
V. Rozov. People want to be happy...
According to F. Iskander. Now, wherever I live, I don't have a trace of that hot, joyful craving for the city.
Alexey Andreev. What we now have in abundance is television series.
V. Soloukhin. I remember when I left, I promised you to write letters
According to N. Gal. A young father sternly reprimands his four-year-old daughter
S. Mikhalkov. One day I heard two people talking
According to G. Smirnov. Fifteen years ago, the famous Bulgarian writer Dimitar Peev…
According to K. G. Paustovsky. Katerina Ivanovna never complained about anything
Y. Kotlyarsky. “Nadya, do you love me so much?”
According to S. Zalygin. Nothing presents such opportunities for personal development as culture
S. Soloveichik. Even the most advanced people, I noticed, are deeply convinced that living a spiritual life
According to S. Kaznacheev. You are walking down the street, and suddenly a bright poster catches your eye
According to K. Paustovsky. Gaidar's life was a continuation, and sometimes the beginning of his books
According to V. Konetsky. Once, starlings flew to me on a watch, October, autumn, rainy
According to A.F. Losev. Leaving aside all material benefits for the time being
According to V. Ivanov. Do you love literature as much as I do?
According to V. Kharchenko. Science is hard to do.
According to V.V. Kolesov. A proper name "belongs to itself...
According to V. Kostomarov. Everyone knows that the hour hand on the dial moves...
According to T. Zharova. What a mirror of life our language is!
According to V. Astafiev. In the compartment of the train, where I entered late ...
According to I. Novikov. It was one of those autumn days...
According to P. Izmailov. "Send your head on vacation!"
According to V. Lakshin. In modern society, there is a whole ocean of problems.
According to D. Granin. Many consider the concept of honor to be outdated, out of date.
According to I. Gontsov. For some reason, many modern pop "stars"
According to V. Soloukhin. We sometimes say about other people: "Limited person."
According to V.G. Lidin. The Germans were expelled from Uman ...
According to L. Mozgovoy. I recently read in an interview with a city official
According to V. Konetsky. Shatalov kindled the stove...
According to M. Khudyakov. He carried me for eight kilometers ...
According to G.N. Bocharov. Once in the winter, an appeal from doctors sounded from the television screens of Omsk ...
According to V. Soloukhin. Moscow absorbs a huge number of flowers, and their prices are always high ...
According to A. Gelasimov. The boss looked into my eyes...
According to A. Morozov. - Friend, whose are you?
According to I. Kosolapov. He called the book a disinterested and faithful friend ...
According to F. Iskander. Perhaps the most touching and deepest feature of childhood...
According to I. Smolnikov. Volzhskaya HPP, Cheboksary HPP.
According to G.I. Kositsky and I.N. Dyakonova. Autumn near the house built in the forest
According to E. Sikirich. Trying to evaluate relationships is a waste of time...
According to S. Pokrovsky. Prut campaign of Peter the Great
According to I. Maslov. Today's teenagers, born in the early nineties of the twentieth century ...
According to V. Peskov. Shrub and undergrowth…
According to S. S. Kachalkov. Sergei Nikolaevich Pletenkin returned home ...
According to A. Vladimirov. In the evening, the young shepherd Grishka Efimov...
According to M.S. Kryukov. "I'm better, I'm smarter than everyone."
According to R. Savinov. As a child, I read books about Indians ...
According to K.G. Paustovsky. People are always tormented by a variety of regrets.
By Inna Kabysh. I remember that in my school years, patriotic education ...
According to L.I. Skvortsov. Ecology is the science of the interaction of living organisms...
According to V.V. Vorobyov. In Russian there is a beautiful word "ascetic" ...
According to E. Bruskova. Galina Ulanova had universal fame.
According to K. Akulinin. While on a business trip, I slipped...
L.N. Gumilyov. Children's years are always busy with the development of a multi-colored, diverse world ...
G. Smirnov. For more than a century and a half, the Great Russians have been living in spiritual and spiritual kinship…
According to V. Soloukhin. TV movie based on a literary work…
E.B. Tager. Tsvetaeva's poems are sometimes difficult...
According to L. Pavlova. Did you know that there are many different ways to argue?
According to I. Goncharov. Lying down with Ilya Ilyich was not a necessity
According to A. Kondratov. Everyone knows that archaeological research ...
1. G. Smirnov. Now that it's harder to think
(1) Now, when it has become more difficult to think than to inform the whole world about our thoughts, some stunning absurdities, the fruits of new Russian education, have begun to take root in our lives. (2) For some reason, Suvorov was especially unlucky here. (3) No, no, yes, and you will hear from the lips of a television observer: they say, as Suvorov said: hard in learning - easy in battle!
(4) But after all, Suvorov is a great man, he, in principle, could not say such nonsense! (5) Someone already, but he understood: in a battle where your comrades-in-arms are killed, where your mortal enemy comes at you with a weapon in your hands, it cannot be easy! (6) Suvorov, on the other hand, said something different, namely: hard in teaching - easy on a campaign! (7) On a campaign, not in battle! (8) For there is nothing more terrible and harder than a fight!
(9) Even more absurd is the now widespread interpretation of Suvorov's words, that the war is not over until the last soldier is buried. (10) Having understood the word “buried” in the literal sense, voluntary gravediggers, having appropriated the unjustified mission of the completion of the Great Patriotic War, convince us from television screens: not all soldiers are buried; the war is not over; the heroic deeds of the Russian army can only be recognized at the moment when they, the funeral directors, bury the remains of the last Russian soldier in the ground! (11) Yes, think about what you are saying! (12) Tens of thousands of soldiers disappeared without a trace, not a shred of flesh was left of them, they really went missing. (13) They cannot be buried! (14) So what? (15) Do not consider a single war in history finished? (16) Isn’t it easier to assume: you didn’t understand what Suvorov said! (17) He said: the war, the hostilities are not over until he is buried, that is, until he is killed, while he is alive, while he is holding a weapon in his hands and while the last soldier is fighting! (18) After all, this is military duty: to fight to the last fighter. (19) And until this last soldier is killed, figuratively speaking, not buried, the war is not over!
(G. Smirnov)
2 According to p. Kokorina. Education ... (2) This word has a great many definitions
(1) Education ... (2) This word has a great many definitions. (3) There is an opinion that education is the immersion of a person in the past, present, future of culture. (4) The past is those foundations, moral values, a way of life that gradually took shape over many centuries among this or that people, nation. (5) The present is the reality that surrounds a person and is created by him throughout his own life. (6) The future is hope expressed in many ways. (7) At the base of such a dream are samples of culture. (8) Every moment of a person's life, starting from infancy, is the moment of mastering culture. (9) And this moment should be beautiful, as the sculptors aptly say, "it cannot be ugly, but it cannot be without an image." (10) Perhaps, this idea was laid in the very word “education”: the ability to comprehend the world through the images that a person himself creates. (11) The image of relations, the image of the material world, in other words, the image of the Self plus the image of the World and my ways of interacting with this world.
(12) What should be the amount of knowledge that a person needs to consider himself educated? (13) Everyone decides for himself. (14) But it seems to me that the psychologist Landreth said this very accurately: “Education is what remains when everything learned is forgotten.”
(According to S. Kokorina)
According to G. Smirnov. Now, when it has become more difficult to think than to inform ... I. The problem of free interpretation of the thoughts of great people
(1) Now, when it has become more difficult to think than to inform the whole world about your thoughts, some stunning absurdities, the fruits of the new Russian education, began to take root in our lives.(2)Especially here unlucky for some reason Suvorov. (3) No, no, yes, and you will hear from the lips of a television observer: they say, as Suvorov said: hard in learning - easy in battle!
(4) But after all, Suvorov is a great man, he, in principle, could not say such nonsense! (5) Someone already, but he understood: in a battle where your comrades-in-arms are killed, where your mortal enemy comes at you with a weapon in your hands, it cannot be easy! (6) Suvorov, on the other hand, said something different, namely: hard in teaching - easy on a campaign! (7) On a campaign, not in battle! (8) For there is nothing more terrible and harder than a fight!
(9) Even more absurd is the now widespread interpretation of Suvorov's words, that The war is not over until the last soldier is buried.(10) Having understood the word “buried” in the literal sense, voluntary gravediggers, having appropriated the unjustified mission of the completion of the Great Patriotic War, convince us from television screens: not all soldiers are buried; the war is not over; the heroic deeds of the Russian army can only be recognized at the moment when they, the funeral directors, bury the remains of the last Russian soldier in the ground! (11) Yes, think about what you are saying! (12) Tens of thousands of soldiers disappeared without a trace, not a shred of flesh was left of them, they really went missing. (13) They cannot be buried! (14) So what? (15) Do not consider a single war in history finished? (16) Isn’t it easier to assume: you didn’t understand what Suvorov said! (17) He said: the war, the hostilities are not over until he is buried, that is, until he is killed, while he is alive, while he is holding a weapon in his hands and while the last soldier is fighting! (18) It after all, there is a military duty: to fight to the last fighter.(19) And until this last soldier is killed, figuratively speaking, not buried, the war is not over!
(G. Smirnov)
The writing
Aphorisms, wise thoughts of great people ... We sometimes use them, trying to make our speech more harmonious, more correct, more convincing, we sometimes interpret them to our taste and mood, without thinking about what meaning the one who once said them put into them under what circumstances it was said. It seems to me that G. Smirnov reflects on the problem of free, for the sake of his own opinion, his ambitions, interpretation of the thoughts of great people.
The author himself speaks about the relevance of the problem he raised: “Now .... some stunning absurdities, the fruits of the new Russian education, began to take root in our lives. This ironic author's neologism "educated" says a lot: Smirnov is against those people who freely and absurdly use aphorisms without trying to think about their deep meaning. He says bitterly that Suvorov was most unlucky here. G. Smirnov analyzes the interpretation of the two most famous aphorisms of the great commander. The author is especially bitter when he encounters "the now widely spread interpretation of Suvorov's words that the war is not over until the last soldier is buried." His indignation is vividly conveyed with the help of rhetorical exclamations (there are six of them in the last paragraph!) and questions. If you freely and for the sake of your own fabrications interpret Suvorov’s phrase about the last soldier, then you can agree to the point that “the heroic deeds of the Russian army can only be recognized at the moment when they, the funeral directors, bury the remains of the last Russian soldier in the ground!” This is scary!
G. Smirnov writes indignantly that today "it has become more difficult to think than to inform the whole world about your thoughts." So, before you freely interpret your understanding of the thoughts of a great man, you need to think, remember where, under what circumstances the quoted words were said. It is impossible not to agree with such an opinion!
Let's remember the hero of the novel by I. S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons" Yevgeny Bazarov. "Nature is not a temple, but a workshop, and man is a worker in it," - this statement of Turgenev's hero fell in love with many. We know that in Soviet times, for the sake of "new" views on life, many nimble journalists rephrased this statement, it sounded differently:. "Nature is not a temple, but a workshop, and man is the master in it." And once the owner, then he can do whatever he wants: turn the rivers, flood the islands with villages (remember V. Astafyev and his “Farewell to Matera”) ... And such a “owner” did a lot of trouble!
And how freely the statements of the great Pushkin are sometimes interpreted! "The people are silent!" - journalists say when it comes to people's indifference, lack of initiative, their unwillingness to make an independent decision. But in Pushkin's "Boris Godunov" the people are silent not because of indifference to what is happening, in Pushkin the people are silent from horror, realizing that a murderer has ascended the throne. In "Eugene Onegin" A. S. Pushkin writes:
We all look at Napoleons
There are millions of bipedal creatures
We have only one tool...
Some of the modern neo-fascists interpret this statement literally, not noticing Pushkin's irony, not realizing that such a statement is more suitable for ambitious, vain, arrogant people ..
What conclusion did I draw for myself, reading the text of G. Smirnov? If you want to show off your knowledge, utter the statement of a great person, do it, first of all, thinking, remember that your point of view is not always indisputable, do not slide from the position of education to "education".
Examiner Tips
I. About language, attentive and thoughtful attitude to it
1. According to G. Smirnov. Now, when it has become more difficult to think than to notify ...
2. According to N. Gal. A young father sternly reprimands his four-year-old daughter. About the offices.
3. According to T. Zharova. What a mirror of life our language is! On the purity of the Russian language
4. According to S. Kaznacheev. You are walking down the street, and suddenly a bright poster catches your eye ... The problem of the development and preservation of the Russian language
5. According to V. V. Kolesov. A proper name "belongs to itself...
6. According to V. Kostomarov. Everyone knows that the hour hand on the dial moves...
7. By Inna Kabysh. I remember that in my school years, patriotic education was invariably written with a hyphen ... What can be done to save the language?
8. According to L.I. Skvortsov. Ecology is the science of the interaction of living organisms ... The problem of language ecology
9. According to L. Pavlova. Did you know that there are many different ways to argue? Culture of discussion
Argument to the block "About language, attentive and thoughtful attitude to it"
II. About education, upbringing, science
1. According to S. Kokorina. Education ... (2) This word has a great many definitions
2. According to A.F. Losev. Leaving aside all material benefits for the time being
3. According to V. Kharchenko. Science is hard to do
4. According to F. Iskander. Perhaps the most touching and deepest feature of childhood. How do childhood memories affect a person, what do they mean in his life
Argumentation to the block of problems "On education, on upbringing"
III. The role of literature, poetry in human life
1. According to E. Vinokurov. It is safe to say that there are few poets in the world...
2. According to D. Granin. Is mercy practiced in our lives?
3. According to G. Smirnov. For more than a century and a half, the Great Russians have been living in spiritual and spiritual kinship ... Why Russia will never forget Pushkin
4. According to I. Goncharov. Lying down at Ilya Ilyich was not a necessity ... The interior as a means of characterizing the hero
Argumentation to the block "The role of literature, poetry in human life"
IV. About reading
1. S. Lvov. Reading aloud at home is very close…
2. According to V. Lakshin. In modern society, there is a whole ocean of problems.
3. According to V. Ivanov. Do you love literature as much as I do?
4. According to I. Kosolapov. He called the book a disinterested and faithful friend ...
5. S. Mikhalkov. One day I heard two people talking
6. According to V. Soloukhin. TV movie based on a literary work…
7. According to V.G. Lidin. The Germans were expelled from Uman... Immortality of the book.
8. L. N. Gumilyov. Children's years are always busy with the development of a multi-colored, diverse world ... On the role of reading in childhood
Argument to the block "Reading"
V. About culture, about the purpose of art, its impact on a person
1. According to S. Zalygin. Nothing presents such opportunities for personal development...
2. E. Rich. What is the meaning of our communication with art, literature ...
3. According to V. Konetsky. Once, starlings flew to me on a watch, October, autumn, rainy.
4. According to I. Gontsov. For some reason, many modern pop "stars" speak with particular pleasure ... The problem of the influence of pop "stars" on teenagers
5. According to the text of L. Mozgovoy. I recently read in an interview with a city official… What is needed to educate an actor, singer and musician, in a word, to form a person of art?
6. According to E. Bruskova. Galina Ulanova had universal fame.
7. According to K.G. Paustovsky. There are many preconceived notions and prejudices about writing...
8. Alexey Andreev. What we now have in abundance is television series ... On the dangers of gangster serials
9. According to V. Soloukhin. The editors told me ... The problem of the role of television
Argument to the block "About culture"
VI. Moral issue.
On Faith and Unbelief
1. S. Soloveichik. Usually the word "faith" is associated with "faith in God" ...
2. N.V. Gogol. It must be said that we have in Russia if .... Reverence
3. V. Rozov. People want to be happy... What is happiness?
4. According to V.V. Vorobyov. In Russian there is a beautiful word "ascetic" ...
5. V. Rozov. People want to be happy... What does it mean to be happy?
6. According to E. Pavlyuchenko. December 14, 1825 on the Senate Square in St. Petersburg
7. According to D. Shevarov. In a letter to his wife on May 18, 1836, Pushkin was surprised ... The problem of honor
8. According to D. Granin. About honor. Many consider the concept of honor obsolete ...
9. According to V. Konetsky. Shatalov melted the stove ... The problem of irresponsibility, moral choice
10. According to K. Akulinin. During a business trip, I slipped. The problem of moral choice in small things
11. According to A. Vladimirov. In the evening, the young shepherd Grishka Efimov... The problem of choice - to kill or refuse to kill
12. According to S. S. Kachalkov. Sergei Nikolaevich Pletenkin returned home ...
13. S. Soloveichik. Even the most advanced people, I noticed, are deeply convinced that living a spiritual life
14. According to K. Paustovsky. Gaidar's life was a continuation, and sometimes the beginning of his books... What kind of person deserves the respect of others, for what qualities can he be called "great, kind, talented"?
15. According to G.N. Bocharov. Once in the winter, an appeal from doctors sounded from the television screens of Omsk ...
16. According to I. Novikov. It was one of those autumn days...
17. According to V. Soloukhin "Limited Man"
18. According to M.S. Kryukov. "I'm better, I'm smarter than everyone." The problem of self-esteem of the individual
19. According to M. Khudyakov. He carried me eight kilometers… The problem of the complexity and inconsistency of human actions. (Why the story of true friendship turns into a story of betrayal)
20. According to G.I. Kositsky and I.N. Dyakonova. In autumn, near a house built in the forest ... The problem of unrealized human abilities
Argumentation to the block "Moral problems"
VII. The problem of fathers and children. Mother's love. New generation
1. According to K. G. Paustovsky. Katerina Ivanovna never complained about anything
2. According to A. Gelasimov. The boss looked into my eyes...
3. According to I. Maslov. Today's teenagers ... The problem of the dissimilarity of the modern generation
Argument to the block “The problem of fathers and children. Mother's love"
VIII. Love for native nature, patriotism
1 KG. Paustovsky. Autumn this year was - all the way - dry and warm.
2. According to K. Balmont. Three years ago I left Moscow…. The problem of patriotism in conditions of emigration
3. According to F. Iskander. Now, wherever I live, I don't have a trace of that hot, joyful craving for the city. The problem of love for one's home, for a small homeland
4. According to R. Savinov. As a child, I read books about Indians ... The problem of memory of native places
5. According to S. Pokrovsky. Prut campaign of Peter the Great. Russian national character
IX. Human and nature. Ecological problems.
1. According to G. Chernikov. Earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, eruptions...
2. G. Smirnov. The globe lives its own, unpredictable life
3. According to G. Smirnov. Fifteen years ago, the famous Bulgarian writer Dimitar Peev…
4. According to I. Smolnikov. Volzhskaya HPP, Cheboksary HPP. Ecological problems
5. According to V. Peskov. Shrubs and undergrowth… The problem of nature conservation
6. According to A. Morozov. Friend, who are you? On dog loyalty
Argumentation for the block “Man and nature. Ecological problems"
X. Man and scientific and technological revolution. The role of science
1. V. Soloukhin. I remember, when I was leaving, I promised you to write letters ... Has technology made a simple person more powerful
2. According to A. Kondratov. Everyone knows that archaeological research ... Why do we need archaeological research
XI. Philosophical problems
1. According to K.G. Paustovsky. People are always tormented by various regrets ... About the transience of time
X. The Problem of True Love
1. Yu. Kotlyarsky. “Nadya, do you love me so much?” The problem of selfishness in love
2. According to V. Astafiev. In the compartment of the train, where I entered late ...
3. According to E. Sikirich. Trying to evaluate relationships is a waste of time...
Argumentation to the block of problems "All about love"
XI. The problem of true beauty, its understanding
1. According to V. Soloukhin. Moscow absorbs a huge amount of flowers, and their prices are always high ... The problem of understanding beauty
Argumentation for the block “The problem of true beauty, its understanding
XII. List of things to remember (argument)
Teachers of classes that do not provide for an in-depth study of philological disciplines know that the task of the USE C1 - writing an essay-reasoning on the proposed text is difficult for many students. Graduates who complete this task must, firstly, after analyzing the proposed text, identify the author's position, and secondly, correctly and convincingly express their own attitude to what they have read. In literature lessons, students often perform similar tasks. But if high school students who analyze an episode, scene, poem in a literature lesson are already familiar with the author’s worldview, with the peculiarities of his creative manner, then at the Unified State Examination the situation is completely different: literary texts often offered to graduates at the exam are not included in the school curriculum. It is even more difficult for high school students if they are offered texts of popular science and journalistic styles (most of the texts of the Unified State Examination are journalistic style), because at the Russian language lessons in the middle level, only a partial analysis of the texts of these styles is performed and the tasks for the examination presentation orient students precisely towards fragmentary analysis : so, after writing a presentation, adolescents are offered either to identify the problem posed by the author, or to express their attitude to the author's position, or to find features of a particular style in the text. Thus, high school students in the last two years of study should master the complex analysis of the text and learn how to write an essay-reasoning on the proposed text.
To successfully solve this problem, students can be offered the following model for writing an essay-reasoning.
I. What to write about?
1. We begin the analysis of any text with the definition of the topic of the text, and for this we select key words (words related to the same topic, synonymous words and phrases).
Let's take, for example, the text of G. Smirnov and highlight the key words.
(1) Now that hard to think how to notify the whole world about your thoughts, in our life some have taken root mind-boggling nonsense fruits of the new Russian education . (2) For some reason, Suvorov was especially unlucky here. (3) No, no, yes, and you will hear from the lips of a television observer: they say, as Suvorov said, it’s hard in learning - it’s easy in battle.
(4) But Suvorov - great person , he basically couldn't say that nonsense ! (5) Someone, but he, understood: in a battle where your comrades-in-arms are killed, where your mortal enemy comes at you with a weapon in your hands, it cannot be easy! (6) Suvorov, on the other hand, said something else: hard in teaching - easy in the campaign! (7) On a campaign, not in battle! (8) For there is nothing more terrible and harder than a fight!
(9) More the more absurdly widespread interpretation Suvorov's words that the war is not over until the last soldier is buried. (ten) Understanding the word "buried" literally , voluntary gravediggers, having appropriated the unjustified mission of completing the Great Patriotic War, convince us from television screens: not all soldiers are buried; the war is not over; the heroic deeds of the Russian army can only be recognized at the moment when they, the funeral directors, bury the remains of the last Russian soldier in the ground! (eleven) Yeah think about what you're saying ! (12) Tens of thousands of soldiers disappeared without a trace, not a shred of flesh was left of them, they really disappeared without a trace. (13) They cannot be buried! (14) So what? (15) Do not consider a single war in history finished? (16) Isn't it easier to assume: you did not understand what Suvorov said ! (17) He said: the war, the fighting is not over until he is buried, that is, until he is killed, while he is alive, while he is fighting, while he is holding a weapon in his hands and until the last soldier is fighting! (18) After all, this is military duty: to fight to the last fighter. (19) And until this last soldier is killed, figuratively speaking, is not buried, the war is not over!
Highlighting keywords (“thinking became harder” ; some have taken root mind-boggling nonsense fruit new Russian education ”; great person …couldn't say that stupidity" ; “understanding the word ... in the literal sense”; “think about what you are saying ”; “you didn’t understand what Suvorov said”), you can define the subject of the text: this text is about inaccurate quoting and superficial interpretation of the words of famous people.
It can be difficult for students to identify a topic, so we offer them clichés to help them do this:
This text is about...
2. Having determined the topic, we formulate the problem of the text (the problem of the text is the question that the author thinks about). The problem of the proposed text can be formulated as follows: Why do absurd interpretations of the words of great people take root in the public mind?
Cliches to help formulate the problem:
…? The author of the text proposes to reflect on this problem.
3. We comment on the problem. Commenting on the problem, we, firstly, note either its novelty and topicality, or we classify the problem as “eternal” (What is good and what is evil? What is love? What can be considered beautiful? etc.) If the author of the text thinks about the “eternal” problem, one can recall how this problem was solved in the literature before him, and note the adherence to tradition or the originality of the author. If the problem is new, you can speculate about the reasons that prompted the author to think about it.
Secondly, commenting on the problem, we must identify the author's attitude towards it. The author's attitude can be expressed directly (“ I love you, Peter's work!" A. Pushkin; “ Sadly I look at our generation…” M. Lermontov) or indirectly (with the help of linguistic means). For example, a word with a diminutive suffix in the first line of Yesenin's poem “Letter to Mother” (“You are still alive, my old woman …”) conveys the love and tenderness of the lyrical hero.
A comment on the problem of the text we have taken might be as follows:
tires gives the word a negative-scornful connotation (cf. Bazarovshchina, Oblomovshchina, Khlestakovshchina)).
4. We determine the author's position, the idea of the text. Revealing the author's position, we must say about how the author solves the stated problem (problems), what arguments he gives in defense of his position, what is the purpose of writing this text and with what language means the author achieves persuasiveness.
The following clichés will help to formulate the idea of the text:
The idea of the text is:
... is the main idea of the text.
The idea of the proposed text can be formulated as follows:
Solving the problem, the author leads the reader to the idea that people who do not have sufficient knowledge, speaking on television, distort the words of the great ones, and therefore “stunning absurdities” take root in the minds of viewers and listeners who trust the media. Proving this idea, G. Smirnov cites two phrases of Suvorov, one of which is incorrectly quoted, the other is misinterpreted. And the reader understands how absurd these often reproduced interpretations of Suvorov's aphorisms are: after all, indeed, the great commander could not believe that it was easy to fight and that the war could not be ended until the last soldier was buried (in the literal sense of the word).
The purpose of the author of the text is to convince us that, preparing to “inform the whole world about their thoughts” (the bookish words “notify”, “thoughts” acquire an ironic connotation here) and intending to quote the great ones, the speakers should take care of the correct reproduction and interpretation words of famous people; and the rhetorical exclamation “Yes, think about what you are saying!” sounds like a call.
II. How to start an essay? You can start an essay with the “nominative theme” construction. Such an emotional beginning is especially suitable for essays based on texts in which the authors turn to “eternal” topics. Here is an example of such an opening:
“Love… Thousands of books have been written about it and hundreds of films have been made, both inexperienced teenagers and experienced people talk about it… This topic is probably of interest to each of us, so N.'s text is also devoted to love. ”
At the beginning of the essay, you can talk about your feelings, thoughts, associations that caused the first reading of the text.
Cliches to help you start writing:
When you read this text, you imagine (think, feel, experience, understand, etc.)…
Probably, each of us once (thought, thought, observed, felt) ... After reading the text, I again (introduced, remembered, thought, etc.)
This may be the introduction to the essay according to the text of G. Smirnov:
Many times I myself used the distorted Suvorov expression “hard in training - easy in battle”, somewhere heard, read, without thinking about whether Suvorov really said just that. It is not very pleasant to realize one's own ignorance, but if a person constantly hears the same phrase, even an absurd one, it involuntarily settles in the memory.
III. How to finish an essay? We end the essay-reasoning with an expression of our own attitude to the author's position. Proving our own opinion, we must give at least three arguments (providing evidence, you can refer to your life and reading experience). When expressing our own position, we observe correctness: for example, in case of disagreement with the author, one should not write “the author is wrong”, it is better to use the expression “it is difficult to agree with the author”.
Here are the clichés with which you can formulate your own position:
The essay according to the text of G. Smirnov can be finished like this:
for myself
Here is an essay - a reasoning on the text of G. Smirnov in its entirety:
When you read the text of G. Smirnov, you understand that in many respects our outlook, our consciousness is formed by the mass media, that it is natural for a person to trust television observers, journalists and just people who appear on television screens.
Many times I myself used the distorted Suvorov expression “hard in training - easy in battle”, somewhere heard, read, without thinking about whether Suvorov really said just that. It is not very pleasant to realize one's own ignorance, but if a person constantly hears the same phrase, even an absurd one, it involuntarily settles in the memory.
G. Smirnov writes about such an inaccurate, superficial, often absurd interpretation of the words of famous people.
Why do these dubious interpretations take root in the public mind? The author of the text thinks about this question.
G. Smirnov is extremely surprised, indignant at the "stunning absurdities" that take root in our lives after such speeches; and the phenomenon of mass imaginary education, the author defines the neologism “educated” (suffix tires gives the word a negative connotation).
Solving the problem, the author leads the reader to the idea that people who do not have sufficient knowledge and do not want to think, speaking on television, distort the words of the great ones, and therefore “stunning absurdities” take root in the minds of viewers and listeners who trust the media. Proving this idea, G. Smirnov cites two phrases of Suvorov, one of which is incorrectly quoted, the other is misinterpreted. And the reader understands how absurd these often reproduced interpretations of Suvorov's aphorisms are: after all, indeed, the great commander could not believe that it was easy to fight and that the war could not be ended until the last soldier was buried (in the literal sense of the word).
The purpose of the author of the text is to convince us that, preparing to “inform the whole world about their thoughts” (the bookish words “notify”, “thoughts” acquire an ironic connotation here) and intending to quote the great ones, the speakers should take care of the correct reproduction and interpretation words of famous people; and the rhetorical exclamation “Yes, think about what you are saying!” sounds like a call.
It is difficult to disagree with the author of the text. Indeed, the imaginary education of many public speakers, combined with the desire to demonstrate their erudition, leads to the fact that the statements of great people are distorted and often acquire a completely different meaning. And, unfortunately, not only Suvorov is “unlucky” in this.
The famous phrase of K. Marx “Religion is the opium of the people” is very often quoted as follows: “Religion is the opium for people." There is a distortion of meaning: K. Marx said that the people myself seeks consolation in religion, and the interpreters of this phrase claim that someone is forcing religion on the people.
Pushkin's famous "the people are silent" is often heard from the lips of journalists when it comes to people's indifference, lack of initiative, their unwillingness to make an independent decision. But in Pushkin's "Boris Godunov" the people are silent not because of indifference to what is happening, in Pushkin the people are silent from horror, realizing that a murderer has ascended the throne.
Thus, the fact that "some stunning absurdities have begun to take root in our lives" is partly to blame for people speaking to a wide audience; after all, many of them, relying on their education and memory, tell viewers and listeners distorted facts.
However, in my opinion, no one will impose a misinterpretation of anything on a well-read and educated person. And if we ourselves doubt, read, look for answers to questions, then not a single presumptuous speaker will make us believe obvious stupidity.
