Famous monument of history and culture. The most famous monuments of the world

Architectural monuments are objects that were created, as a rule, in honor of a significant event or important person. The age of some is calculated in tens of years, while others still remember the Egyptian pharaohs. This review contains the most famous monuments architecture, about which you can write the history of mankind.

1. Kaaba (Masjid al-Haram)

The Kaaba (Masjid al-Haram) is a cube-shaped building located in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. It is considered the most sacred place in Islam, as well as the oldest and most famous cultural monument in the world.

The Quran says that the Kaaba was built by Abraham (Ibrahim on Arabic) and his son Ismail, after the latter settled in Arabia. A mosque, the Masjid al-Haram, was built around this building. All Muslims around the world turn to face the Kaaba during prayers, no matter where they are.

One of the five basic laws of Islam requires every Muslim to make the Hajj - a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in their life. In this case, the Kaaba must be circumvented seven times counterclockwise (when viewed from above).

2. Taj Mahal

The Taj Mahal ("Crown of Palaces") is a white marble mausoleum located in the city of Agra, India. It was built by the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his third wife, Mumtaz Mahal. The Taj Mahal is widely regarded as "the jewel of Muslim art in India and one of the world's recognized masterpieces of world heritage". The area of ​​the Taj Mahal is about 221 hectares (38 hectares are occupied by the mausoleum itself and 183 hectares by the protected forest around it).

3. Egyptian pyramids

The earliest known Egyptian pyramids were found at Saqqara, northwest of Memphis. And the oldest of them is the Pyramid of Djoser, built in 2630-2611 BC. e., during the third dynasty. This pyramid and the complex surrounding it were designed by the architect Imhotep and are generally considered to be the world's oldest monumental structures made of bricks with facings.

4. Great Wall of China

Several walls were built as early as the 7th century BC and were later added to form what is today known as the Great Wall. Particularly famous is the part of the wall built between 220-206 BC. the first emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang (very little remains of her).

By the way, there are many more in China

5. Angkor Thom (Greater Angkor)

7. Chiang Kai-shek National Memorial Hall

The Chiang Kai-shek National Memorial Hall is a famous monument and local landmark erected in memory of Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, former President of the Republic of China. It is located in the Chinese city of Taipei. The monument, surrounded by a park, was built in the eastern part of Memorial Square. To the north of it is National Theater, and to the south is the National Concert Hall.

Ngawang Lobsang Gyatso, the fifth Grand Dalai Lama, began construction of the Potala Palace in 1645 after one of his spiritual advisors, Konchog Chopel, noted that the location between Drepung and Sera monasteries and the old city of Lhasa was ideal for the seat of government. The Potala was eventually built on the remains of an earlier fortress, called the White or Red Palace, built by King Songtsen Gampo of Tibet in 637. Today the Potala Palace is a museum.

On the Day of Historical and Cultural Monuments, we recall the frightening and funny - the most popular architectural objects among tourists.

Moai on Easter Island

Stone statues, up to 9 m in height, live on the second largest island in the world from the mainland - Rapa Nui, or Easter Island, which belongs to Chile. There are a total of 887 statues on the island, some left unfinished in quarries - made between the mid-11th and 14th centuries. The statues are made in four different styles, and the later, the more sophisticated both their appearance and the way they were made. And about how the statues were moved and installed, there are still disputes.

Jesus the Redeemer in Rio de Janeiro

For more than 80 years of existence (the statue was opened in 1931), Christ was abused only once - in 2010, the inscription "Cat from home - mice dance" was applied to his face and hands. The height of the statue is only 38 m.

Statue of Liberty in New York

The symbol of New York stands on Liberty Island, south of Manhattan, and is a gift from the French on the anniversary of the Declaration of Independence. The statue was depicted by the French sculptor Frederic Auguste Bartholdi, and all constructive issues (designing frames and supports) were taken over by Gustave Eiffel, the author of the famous tower in Paris.

Motherland on Mamaev Kurgan in Volgograd

The main sculpture of the ensemble Heroes Stalingrad battle on Mamaev Kurgan she calls her sons into battle with the enemy - that is why her mouth is open. One of the most complex in terms of technical calculations of the stability of sculptures in the world. Creations of the brilliant sculptor-monumentalist Evgeny Viktorovich Vuchetich.

Great Sphinx at Giza

The head of a lion lying on the sand, according to scientists, was sculpted from the pharaoh Khafre - and although science still does not know the time of construction of this sculpture, there is logic in the fact that it was either during the life of Khafre, or after his death - in any case, we arrive at an approximate date of about 2400 BC. It is also unknown how the Egyptians themselves called this monument - the word "sphinx" is Greek, and appeared much later than the construction in Egypt.

Mermaid in Copenhagen

The Little Mermaid was made in 1913 by order of Carl Jacobsen, the son of the founder of the Carlsberg brewing company - he would like the ballet based on Andersen's fairy tale at the Copenhagen theater, he even asked the prima of the theater to pose for the sculptor, but she refused (did not want to pose naked, but it was necessary), and the sculptor Edward Erickson had to persuade his wife. This is one of the most long-suffering sculptures in the world - they just didn’t do anything with it: they sawed off the head and arm a couple of times, finished drawing the bra, inserted a dildo into the arm and even wrapped it in a veil.

Buddha statue in Leshan

One of the tallest Buddha statues in the world - 71 m high. The Buddha is carved into the rock - the work lasted 90 years, starting from 713. On the sides of the Buddha, about a hundred images of bodhisattvas are carved in the rock - enlightened beings who decide to become a Buddha.

Manneken Pis in Brussels

The height of one of the symbols of Brussels is only 61 cm. The boy Julien (that's his name) is surrounded by a number of traditions - in holidays the water in the fountain is replaced with wine or beer, from time to time Julien is dressed up in costumes. The list of costumes is posted regularly on the grate next to the sculpture. There are already about 800 suits in the boy's "wardrobe", including the uniform of the American Air Force, the outfit of Dracula, a judoka, and even a Ukrainian Cossack.

Spring Temple Buddha in China

The tallest sculpture in the world, a 128 m high copper statue, along with a 208 m pedestal. The monument's construction cost a total of $55 million and was China's response to the systematic destruction of Buddhist relics in Afghanistan - the construction of this Buddha was announced after the explosion by the Taliban of two Buddha statues in the Bamiyan Valley, these statues began to be built in the 2nd century, and finished two hundred years later.

Genghis Khan in Mongolia

The equestrian statue of Genghis Khan near Ulan Bator is the largest equestrian statue in the world - its height without a pedestal is 40 m. The monument is surrounded by 36 columns, according to the number of khans of the Mongol Empire from Genghis to Ligden Khan. The monument was unveiled in 2008.

7 chose

The Moscow Kremlin and Red Square, the historical center of St. Petersburg, the white-stone monuments of Vladimir and Suzdal, the Kremlin of Rostov the Great, the Kizhi Churchyard, Peterhof, Solovki, the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, the Nizhny Novgorod, Kolomna and Pskov Kremlin are the famous historical monuments of Russia, the list of which can be continued and further. Russia is a country with a huge cultural past, its history still keeps many secrets and mysteries, every stone of ancient Russian cities and monasteries breathes history, behind every human fates. These autumn days, the multimedia project-competition "Russia 10" is coming to an end, giving us the opportunity to learn about the most famous and the most beautiful places of our country and in the first place - the main historical monuments of Russia, the wonders of architecture and architecture, the magical creations of the hands of Russian masters.

Kizhi

On one of the islands of Lake Onega in Karelia, the famous Kizhi churchyard is located: two wooden churches of the 18th century. and an octagonal wooden bell tower (1862). The architectural ensemble of Kizhi is an ode to Russian craftsmen, the pinnacle of carpentry, "wooden lace". According to legend, the Church of the Transfiguration was built with one ax, which the master threw into Lake Onega, finishing his work without a single nail. Kizhi is the real Eighth wonder of the world.

The main historical value of Russia is the hands of its masters...

Tsar Bell and Tsar Cannon

The Moscow Kremlin is a real treasury of monuments of Russian history and culture. Some of them are the Tsar Bell and the Tsar Cannon. They are famous not only for their size, but also for their amazing history…

The Tsar Bell was ordered to be cast by Empress Anna Ioannovna. At her request, foreign craftsmen were supposed to do this, but when they heard the required dimensions of the bell, they considered the desire of the empress ... a joke! Well, who cares, and who cares. The father and son of Motorina, the bell-maker, set to work. It was not so long that they created a project, as the approval of the Moscow Senate office that followed it, which lasted as much as 3 years! The first attempt to cast the bell was unsuccessful and ended in an explosion and the destruction of the furnace structure, and after that one of the craftsmen, Father Ivan Motorin, died. The second casting of the bell happened to be carried out by the master's son Mikhail Motorin, and three months later, on November 25, 1735, the birth of the famous bell took place. The bell weighed about 202 tons, its height was 6 meters 14 centimeters, and its diameter was 6 meters 60 centimeters.

They took a piss, but they did not raise it! During a fire in 1737, a piece of the bell, which was still in the smelting pit, broke off - weighing more than 11 tons. The Tsar Bell was raised from the casting pit only in 1836, thanks to Montferrand, who knew a lot about lifting heavy structures. However, Russia did not hear the voice of the Tsar Bell ...

Tsar Cannon on Ivanovskaya Square is considered a monument to Russian artillery. The length of the bronze gun is 5 meters 34 centimeters, the barrel diameter is 120 centimeters, the caliber is 890 millimeters, and the weight is almost 40 tons. The formidable weapon was supposed to protect the Moscow Kremlin from the side of the Execution Ground, but, according to weapons specialists, in its power it was suitable for destroying the fortress walls, but not for defense. Cast by the famous foundry master Andrei Chokhov in 1586 under Fyodor Ioannovich, she never took part in the hostilities. According to legend, it was shot only once - with the ashes of False Dmitry.

Mother Russia, everything is special for her - and the tsar cannon does not shoot and the tsar bell does not sound the gospel ...

Church of the Intercession of the Mother of God

On the day of the Protection Mother of God In 1552, Russian troops stormed Kazan, the capital of the Kazan Khanate. Ivan the Terrible, in honor of this event, ordered the construction of the Church of the Intercession in Moscow. How many legends and legends are associated with him ...

Previously, another church stood on this site - the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity, where Basil the Blessed, the most revered fool in Russia, who collected alms for the construction of this temple, rested. Later, others began to build around the Trinity Church - in honor of the most significant victories of Russian weapons. When there were already about ten of them, the Moscow Metropolitan Macarius came to Ivan the Terrible with a request to build one large church on this site.

The central tent of the Church of the Intercession of the Mother of God was the first to be consecrated, then a small church was completed on the grave of the holy fool, and the temple began to be called St. Basil's Cathedral. The cathedral symbolizes Heavenly Jerusalem - its 8 chapters create the eight-pointed star of Bethlehem. According to legend, at the end of construction, which lasted 6 years, the king, delighted with the unprecedented beauty of the temple, asked the builders if they could do something similar. The retribution for an affirmative answer was the blinding of the masters by order of the sovereign, so that there was nothing more beautiful on earth ....

Several times they tried to destroy the Temple, services in it were forbidden and allowed again, but it withstood for centuries, as the Russian land withstood all troubles.

The Church of the Intercession of the Mother of God is a beautiful and many-sided Holy Russia.

Peter-Pavel's Fortress

The Peter and Paul Fortress is the core of the city on the Neva, a historical, architectural and military engineering monument, one of the main symbols of Russian history. It was from Petropavlovka on May 16, 1703 that the construction of the city of Peter began. All of it is history, the history of wars and revolutions, faith and love. Its bastions bear the names of the associates of Peter the Great: Menshikov, Golovkin, Zotov, Trubetskoy, Naryshkin and Sovereign bastions.

In the center of the fortress is the Peter and Paul Cathedral - a symbol of the formation of a new city in Russia. It contains the history of the Imperial House of the Romanovs, the cathedral became the necropolis of Russian emperors, where their ashes from Peter I to Nicholas II are buried. Near the walls of the Cathedral is the Commandant's Cemetery, where 19 commandants are buried. Peter and Paul Fortress(out of 32 who served her).

The fortress was both the defense of the Northern capital and its state prison: the prisoners of the Trubetskoy bastion were Tsarevich Alexei, the Decembrists, Chernyshevsky, Kostsyushko and Dostoevsky, Narodnaya Volya, ministers Russian Empire, Socialist-Revolutionaries and Bolsheviks.

Petropavlovka, like Russia itself, is both an intercessor and a prison, but, nevertheless, the Motherland ...

Monument "Millennium of Russia"

The Millennium of Russia monument was erected in Veliky Novgorod opposite the St. Sophia Cathedral and the former building of the Offices in 1862 in honor of the millennial anniversary of the legendary calling of the Varangians to Russia. The anniversary of its opening is celebrated in these September days.

Authors of the monument project: sculptors Mikhail Mikeshin, Ivan Shroeder and architect Viktor Hartman. To create a monument-symbol of the history of Russia, a competition was announced, for which several dozen works were submitted. The project of young sculptors - M. O. Mikeshin, who graduated from the Academy just a year ago, and I. N. Schroeder, a volunteer student of the sculptural class of the Academy of Arts, won.

Russia is a large and beautiful country, rich in various architectural monuments that have a long history. In our article you can get acquainted with the most famous and beautiful architectural structures 16th, 17th, 18th and 19th centuries.

16th century

In the 16th century, urban planning was actively carried out in Russia, so this period can be safely called an “architectural upsurge”. Moscow expanded, new cities, cathedrals, temples were built. Let's look at the most famous architectural monuments built in the 16th century.

Ivan the Great belltower

The Ivan the Great Bell Tower is a white brick church located on Sobornaya Square of the Moscow Kremlin. The date of construction is 1500-1508. The project of its creation was carried out by the well-known at that time Italian architect on the estate of Bon Fryazin. The structure of the main ensemble of the bell tower includes 3 objects:

• tower of "Ivan the Great" (the head structure of the bell tower);
• belfry "Assumption";
• extension "Filaretovaya".

The belfry holds 34 bells of various sizes and sounds. The main ones are: "Uspensky" (67 tons), "Roaring" (33 tons) and "Lenten" (12 tons).

Cathedral of the Archangel

Arkhangelsk is a Christian Orthodox cathedral, which can be seen on Cathedral Square, located on the territory of the Moscow Kremlin. This building has five domes, six towers, a necropolis (a place for the burial of the dead, and separate rooms are provided for men and women), a special inner choir tier. The cathedral is finished with white stone. There are paintings inside famous artists- Fedor Zubov, Stepan Ryazants, and Joseph Vladimirov.

China town

Kitay-gorod is one of the historical districts of the capital, located on the territory of the Kitaygorod fortress wall, which was attached to the corner towers of the Kremlin in 1539. Kitay-Gorod stretches from Red Square to the Moskva River, borders on Okhotny Ryad, Theater Square, and the Lubyanka. Currently on this direction there is a metro station of the same name.

St. Basil's Cathedral

Perhaps one of the most famous churches in Russia is St. Basil's Cathedral, which is located on Red Square. The date of its construction is 1556. The structure of the cathedral includes 10 annexes, each of which was erected in honor of a particular saint. The central part is dedicated to the Blessed Virgin, the side buildings "belong" to the Holy Trinity, Nikola Velikoretsky, Alexander Svirsky, St. Basil the Blessed, as well as the Entrance of the Lord into Jerusalem.

Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin

The Kremlin is the main historical fortress of Nizhny Novgorod, which is located on the Volga-Oka Spit on the highest right bank. This building was erected in 1508 by order of Ivan the Terrible. The walls of the Kremlin are made of red brick. Their total length is about 2-3 km. The fortress also has 14 towers, 5 of which are rectangular and 9 are round. " stone city” (as the Kremlin is sometimes called) is surrounded by dry moats, which were created to protect against enemies.

Novodevichy Convent

Novodevichy is an Orthodox convent located on the territory of Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Street in the very center of Moscow. The date of construction is 1525. Novodevichy Convent was built by order of the Grand Russian Prince Basil III. This building has one belfry, two round observation towers, cells for nuns, as well as a separate standing churches where the daily prayer service took place.

Tula Kremlin

The Tula Kremlin is considered one of the oldest buildings in the city of Tula. It is located in the very central part. The date of construction is approximately 1514. The Tula Kremlin was built by order of Ivan the Terrible. The Kremlin walls are made of red brick. The structure includes several round as well as rectangular observation towers. There are 2 cathedrals on the territory: Assumption and Epiphany.

17th century

The 17th century is the era of architecture, during which a huge number of different significant events took place that greatly influenced the life of Russia, including its architecture. Most houses began to be built of brick or stone, but wooden structures still did not lose their former popularity. Let's look at the most famous architectural monuments of the 17th century.

Kolomna Palace

The Kolomna Palace is a royal estate located in the Moscow region in the village of Kolomenskoye. The approximate date of construction is 1667. This building is a whole complex of various wooden buildings, which are interconnected by endless passages and tunnels.

Church of the Intercession in Fili

Orthodox Church of the Intercession of the Virgin is located in the area Filevsky Park, Moscow city. The modern building of the temple was erected in 1690 with funds donated by the brother of Queen Natalia Naryshkina. The temple has five tiers, one bell tower, and 3 wide porches.

Dormition Divine Church

The marvelous church is located in the city of Uglich. It is one of the outstanding monuments of ancient Russian architecture of the 17th century. The approximate date of construction is 1628. This temple has a different name - "Assumption". The structure has a rather original appearance: three hipped domes forming a “trident” crown; a refectory adjoins the main part of the building, as well as a front porch decorated with decorative elements of white stone.

Church of Elijah the Prophet

The Church of Elijah the Prophet is located on the central (Soviet) square of the city of Yaroslavl. This temple was built in 1647. According to legend, it was founded along with the city itself by Prince Yaroslav the Wise. The Church of Elijah the Prophet can be recognized by the snow-white stone walls and grassy green domes.

Church of John the Baptist

The Church of John the Baptist is one of the main and ancient architectural monuments of Yaroslavl. This building was built in 1687 according to the design of Fyodor Ignatiev and Dmitry Plekhanov. For the construction of the temple, molded red bricks were used, as well as tiles. The church has 15 domes of various sizes.

18 century

The 18th century is the time when Russia “breathed” in a new way, because it was then that new cities began to be built, objects that are still considered historical monuments of architecture. The first half of the 18th century is closely connected with the name of the great Russian emperor Peter I. It was he who brought many innovations and changes borrowed from European countries. Let's look at the most beautiful buildings and structures of this era.

Winter Palace

The Winter Palace is the main imperial building in St. Petersburg. The date of construction is 1754. The building was built in the style of the Elizabethan Baroque, decorated with rich monograms, columns covered with gold leaf. Currently in winter palace situated historical Museum- Hermitage.

Admiralty building

The Admiralty consists of a complex of buildings located on the banks of the Neva on the Admiralteysky Island. Initially, this building played the role of a shipyard (place of construction, as well as repair of ships, ships, boats), but a little later it was somewhat modernized and given the title of an administrative center, which housed the command of the Russian Navy. Date of construction - 1704.

Pashkov House

One of the most famous buildings in Moscow, built in the style of early classicism, is the Pashkov House. This building was designed in 1784 at the request of the captain of the Semenovsky regiment Peter Pashkov. This house has an impressive appearance, which is partly related to the place on which it stands - Vagankovsky Hill. The main facade of the building faces the sunny side.

Alexander Nevsky Lavra

The Alexander Nevsky Lavra is a male monastery located at the end of Nevsky Prospect in the city of St. Petersburg. It is considered the largest monastery in the northern capital. Date of construction - 1710. According to the assumptions of local historians and historians, this building was erected by order of Peter I. The emperor allocated almost 5,000 sq.m. for construction. On the territory of the Lavra there is a wooden Church of the Annunciation, the Trinity Cathedral, the Feodorovskaya Church, the Gate Church.

Volkov Theater

The Volkov Theater is one of the oldest drama stages in Russia. This institution was built in 1750 in the city of Yaroslavl. The theater got its name in honor of its founder Fyodor Grigoryevich Volkov, the son of a wealthy merchant. The young man very often arranged various theatrical performances with his friends, from which the idea arose to open his own place for their display.

19th century

The architectural monuments of Russia, built in the 19th century, are distinguished by a new unconventional style for our country - eclectic (a combination of the incongruous, that is, a mixture of the most diverse and unimaginable trends). Eclecticism "imitates" ancient Russian art, Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque and Classicism. Let's look at the most popular buildings of the 19th century, built in an eclectic style.

Tsarskoye Selo

Tsarskoye Selo is a museum-reserve, which was established in 1811 in the city of Pushkin, Leningrad Region. This complex includes a palace and park ensemble, a suburban royal residence, Catherine's Park, the Hermitage Garden, the Grotto, the Alexander Garden, the Military Chamber and the Chinese Theater. On the this moment This place of extraordinary beauty attracts millions of tourists from all over the world.

Cathedral of Christ the Savior

The Cathedral of Christ the Savior is one of the main shrines of Russia, which was built in 1812. On the walls of the temple are depicted (sculpted from clay) Russian soldiers who laid down their lives for their homeland during Patriotic War 1812 with Napoleon Bonaparte. During the Stalinist reforms, the temple building was destroyed, but in 1994 it was rebuilt.

Triumphal Arch

The triumphal arch is an architectural monument built in 1829 in Moscow, which is a huge arch. Most often, triumphal arches are installed at the entrance to the city, at the end of major streets, avenues, bridges.

Arena

Manege is a historical building located in the central part of Moscow. This building was built in 1817 by architect Augustine Betancourt. Currently, the arena is the main museum and exhibition site of the capital, but it was built for drill training of troops guarding the Kremlin and Moscow borders. A little later, balls and royal receptions began to be held here.

Saint Isaac's Cathedral

The Cathedral of St. Isaac of Dolmatsky is one of the largest churches in St. Petersburg, built in 1858 according to the project famous architect Antonio Rinaldi. The main dome of St. Isaac's Cathedral is made of gold leaf, the facade is made of gray stone, and the columns of the main entrance are cast in bronze.

In our article, you got acquainted with the most famous and beautiful architectural monuments of Russia. Temples, churches, palaces, reserves were described. Russian Federation- country rich history, which is why here you can see unusual and unique structures that are not found anywhere else.

1. Sydney Opera House

The Sydney Opera House is located in Sydney (Australia) in the harbor at Bennelong Point. The theater is a symbol of Sydney and one of the most recognizable buildings in the world. The construction of the theater began in 1959. The architect of the theater is the Dane Jorn Utzon. The opening of the theater took place on October 20, 1973. In 2007, the theater was recognized as an object world heritage UNESCO. Queen Elizabeth II of Great Britain attended the opening. 102 million Australian dollars were spent on the construction, instead of the originally planned 7 million.

2. burj al arab

Burj Al Arab (literally "Arab Tower") is a luxury hotel in Dubai, the most major city United Arab Emirates. Construction began in 1994. The hotel was opened on December 1, 1999. Known as the only 7-star hotel in the world. Designed by architect Tom Wright Atkinson. It looks like a dhow sail, an Arab ship. The height of the building is 321 meters.

3. Burj Khalifa

Burj Khalifa ("Khalifa Tower") is a skyscraper 828 meters high with 163 floors. It is shaped like a stalagmite. Construction of the skyscraper began in 2004. In 2009, the building was finally ready, but it was officially opened only on January 4, 2010. The building was designed by the American architectural firm Skidmore, Owings and Merrill. It is currently the tallest man-made structure in the world.

4. Sagrada Familia

Sagrada Familia (full name: "Sagrada Familia Expiatory Temple", cat. Temple Expiatori de la Sagrada Família) is a Roman Catholic church in Barcelona, ​​in the Eixample district, Spain. It is famous for the fact that its construction began in 1882 and has not yet been completed. The expected completion date for construction is 2026. The most famous project of the architect Antoni Gaudí. In 2010, the temple was recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

5. Walt Disney Concert Hall

The Walt Disney Concert Hall is the newest concert venue in Los Angeles and home to the Los Angeles Philharmonic Orchestra. The initiator of the project was the widow of Walt Disney Lillian. In 1987, she donated $50 million to create a new concert hall. The architect of the project was the famous Frank Gehry. The project was ready by 1991, but full-scale construction began in 1999. The opening of the concert hall took place 4 years later, in 2003. The total cost of the project is estimated at $274 million.

6. The Shard

The Shard (The Shard London Bridge, which translated into Russian means "Shard of Glass" or simply "Shard") is a skyscraper in London, United Kingdom. Construction of the building began in 2009. The opening took place on July 5, 2012. The building was designed by the Italian architect Renzo Piano. The shape of the building, as the name implies, resembles a piece of glass. With a height of 309 meters, it is the most tall building not only in London, but throughout the European Union.

7. Big Ben

Big Ben is the name of the largest of the six bells of the Palace of Westminster in London, often referred to as the clock and the clock tower as a whole. The tower itself was renamed in September 2012 to "Elizabeth Tower". The tower was erected in 1858 according to the project of Augustus Pugin, an English architect. The height of the tower is 96.3 meters. The clock tower of the Palace of Westminster is the most recognizable symbol of Great Britain.

8. Taj Mahal

The Taj Mahal is a mausoleum-mosque located in Agra, India, on the banks of the Jumna River. It was built at the direction of the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his third wife, Mumtaz Mahal. The construction of the Taj Mahal began in 1632 and was completed in 1653. The building is recognized as the best example of Mughal architecture, combining elements of Persian, Indian and Islamic styles. Since 1983, it has been included in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

9. Coliseum

Colosseum (from lat. colosseus - huge, colossal) or Flavian Amphitheater (lat. Amphitheatrum Flavium) - amphitheater, architectural monument ancient rome, the most famous and one of the most grandiose structures ancient world that have survived to our time. Located in Rome, Italy, in a hollow between the Esquiline, Palatine and Caeli hills. The construction of the Colosseum was started in 72 AD. under the emperor Vespasian, and completed in 80 AD. under Emperor Titus. The Colosseum was used for gladiator fights, battles, hunting and executions. It can accommodate 50-80 thousand people.

10. chrysler building

The Chrysler Building is a skyscraper of the Chrysler Corporation. It is a symbol of New York, located in the eastern part of Manhattan at the intersection of 42nd Street and Lexington Avenue. The Chrysler Building was started in 1928 and completed in 1930. Built in Art Deco style. The building was designed by William van Elen. It was the tallest building in the world until 1931.

11. St. Basil's Cathedral

Basil's Cathedral, also called the Cathedral of the Intercession Holy Mother of God that on the Moat or Intercession Cathedral - an Orthodox church located on Red Square in Moscow. Construction began in 1555 and completed in 1561. The world-famous monument of Russian architecture and the symbol of Moscow. Built by order of Tsar Ivan the Terrible in tribute to the memory of the victories in the struggle for Kazan. Until the 17th century it was called the Trinity Cathedral. In fact, this is not one cathedral, but a whole architectural complex consisting of eight churches (four axial, four smaller ones between them), which are crowned with onion domes. All of them are grouped around the main, ninth, pillar-shaped church in honor of the Intercession of the Mother of God with a hipped dome. At present, all churches have a common foundation (although they were built gradually) and are united by a whole network of vaulted passages. The height of the cathedral is 65 meters. Total number domes - 11. In 1588, 10 churches were added to the cathedral from the northeast.

12. Eiffel Tower

The Eiffel Tower (fr. la tour Eiffel) is the most famous and recognizable architectural landmark of Paris, a symbol of France. Built in 1889. The tower was named after the designer and architect Gustave Eiffel, who designed it. The tower is 324 meters high and weighs 10,100 tons. For more than 40 years, the tower has been the tallest building in the world. There are 1792 steps leading to the tower. Of course, there are also elevators.

13. leaning tower of pisa

The Leaning Tower of Pisa (Italian: Torre pendente di Pisa) is a bell tower, part of the ensemble of the city's Cathedral of Santa Maria Assunta in the city of Pisa, Italy. The construction of the tower stretched from 1173 to 1360, i.e. for almost 200 years. The author of the project is Bonnano Pisano. World famous for its leaning, which earned it the nickname "The Leaning Tower". The height of the tower is 55.86 meters from the ground on the lowest side and 56.7 meters on the highest. The angle of the turret is currently 3o 54'. The tilt of the Leaning Tower of Pisa may be due to the softness of the soil, the unreliability or disproportion of the foundation, the erosion of the soil under the tower during construction. It was possible to stabilize the tower thanks to the work carried out at the end of the last and the beginning of the present century.

14. House Mila

House Mila (cat. Casa Mila) is a residential building, which is one of the attractions of Barcelona, ​​Spain. Also known as "Pedrera", which means "stone quarry". Designed by architect Antonio Gaudí. Built in 1906 - 1910 of the XX century. The project of the Mila house was innovative for its time: a well-thought-out natural ventilation system allows you to abandon air conditioners, interior partitions in each of the apartments can be moved at your discretion, there is an underground garage. Almost every room in the house has a window into which daylight enters. The building has no load-bearing walls or supports. Their functions are performed by load-bearing columns. In 1984, Mila's house was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List and became the first building of the 20th century in it.

15. Sultanahmet Mosque

The Blue Mosque or Sultanahmet Mosque (tur. Sultanahmet Camii) is a mosque located on the shores of the Sea of ​​Marmara in the historical center of Istanbul, Turkey. It was built between 1609 and 1616 during the reign of Ahmed I. The architect of the mosque is Sedefkar Mehmet Aga. The mosque has a main dome 43 meters high, 6 minarets. Light enters through 260 windows. It received the name "Blue Mosque" due to the huge number (more than 20 thousand) of white and blue Iznik ceramic tiles. self made used in interior decoration. It is considered an outstanding example of Islamic and world architecture.

16. White House

The White House is the official residence and workplace President of the United States, located in Washington, DC. Construction was completed in 1800. John Adams became the first owner of the White House. The building was designed by Irish architect James Hoban. The mansion was built in the Palladian style. All US presidents lived in the White House, with the exception of George Washington, because during the years of his reign (1789-1797) the building was only under construction. In August 1814, the White House was burned down by the British, after which it was reconstructed and restored.

17. Jin Mao Tower

Jin Mao Tower (literally "Golden Prosperity Tower") is one of the tallest skyscrapers in Asia, is calling card Shanghai, China. The skyscraper was designed by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill. The official opening of the building took place on August 28, 1998. The height of the building is 421 meters. The structure of the building includes a high-tech structural system that can withstand the force of hurricane-force winds up to 200 km/h and magnitude 7 earthquakes. The outer wall is made of glass, stainless steel, aluminum and granite and is covered with a lattice structure, which is made of pipes and aluminum alloy. On the upper floors is the five-star Grand Hyatt hotel.

18. Louvre glass pyramid

The glass pyramid of the Louvre in the courtyard of Napoleon serves as the main entrance to the Louvre and is one of the symbols of Paris. The construction of the Louvre pyramid took place from 1985 to 1989. The architect was Bei Yuming. The height of the pyramid is 21.65 meters, the length of the base is 35 meters, the angle of inclination is 52o. Around the large pyramid are three smaller pyramids that act as portholes. The faces of the pyramids consist entirely of glass segments (603 diamond-shaped and 70 triangular). Fountains are arranged around the large pyramid.

19. Palace of Parliament

The Palace of the Parliament (Rom. Palatul Parlamentului) is a famous architectural monument located in Bucharest, Romania. Construction began in 1984 by order of Nicolae Ceausescu. The construction was completed in 1989, but some imperfections in the palace still remain, in fact, its construction and decoration have not been completed. The palace is the largest civil building in the world and also the heaviest. The dimensions of the palace are 270 by 240 meters. Height - 86 meters. The underground part of the palace goes 92 meters deep. The palace has 1100 rooms with a total area of ​​350,000 m2, 12 floors.

20. CN Tower

CN Tower (eng. CN Tower) is a television, radio broadcasting and observation tower located in Toronto, Canada. Landmark and symbol of Toronto. The construction of the tower was carried out from 1973 to 1976. The height of the tower is 553.33 meters. Was the tallest building until 2007. Originally owned by the railway company, which built the tower. CN stands for Canada's National.