Peninsulas of foreign Europe on the map. List of Western European countries and their capitals

Europe is part of the Eurasian continent. This part of the world is home to 10% of the world's population. Europe owes its name to the heroine ancient Greek mythology. Europe is washed by the seas of the Atlantic and Arctic oceans. Inland seas - Black, Mediterranean, Marmara. The eastern and southeastern border of Europe runs along Ural ridge, the Emba River and the Caspian Sea.

AT Ancient Greece believed that Europe is a separate continent that separates the Black and Aegean Seas from Asia, and the Mediterranean Sea from Africa. Later it was found that Europe is only part of a huge mainland. The area of ​​the islands that make up the continent is 730 thousand square kilometers. 1/4 of the territory of Europe falls on the peninsulas - the Apennine, Balkan, Kola, Scandinavian and others.

The highest point in Europe is the top of Mount Elbrus, which is 5642 meters above sea level. On the map of Europe with cities, it can be seen that the largest lakes in the region are Geneva, Peipus, Onega, Ladoga and Balaton.

All European countries are divided into 4 regions - Northern, Southern, Western and Eastern. Europe includes 65 countries. 50 countries are independent states, 9 are dependent and 6 are unrecognized republics. Fourteen states are islands, 19 are inland, and 32 countries have access to the oceans and seas. The map of Europe in Russian shows the borders of all European states. Three states have their own territories, both in Europe and in Asia. These are Russia, Kazakhstan and Turkey. Spain, Portugal and France have part of their territory in Africa. Denmark and France have their territories in America.

The European Union consists of 27 countries, and NATO members - 25. The Council of Europe has 47 states. The smallest state in Europe is the Vatican, and the largest is Russia.

The collapse of the Roman Empire marked the beginning of the division of Europe into East and West. Eastern Europe is the largest region of the continent. dominated in the Slavic countries Orthodox religion, in the rest - Catholicism. Cyrillic and Latin scripts are used. Western Europe unites Latin-speaking states. This part of the continent is the most economically developed part in the world. The Scandinavian and Baltic states unite to form Northern Europe. South Slavic, Greek and Romance countries form Southern Europe.

Europe is part of the Eurasian continent. This part of the world is home to 10% of the world's population. Europe owes its name to the heroine of ancient Greek mythology. Europe is washed by the seas of the Atlantic and Arctic oceans. Inland seas - Black, Mediterranean, Marmara. The eastern and southeastern border of Europe runs along the Ural Range, the Emba River and the Caspian Sea.

In ancient Greece, it was believed that Europe is a separate continent that separates the Black and Aegean Seas from Asia, and the Mediterranean Sea from Africa. Later it was found that Europe is only part of a huge mainland. The area of ​​the islands that make up the continent is 730 thousand square kilometers. 1/4 of the territory of Europe falls on the peninsulas - the Apennine, Balkan, Kola, Scandinavian and others.

The highest point in Europe is the top of Mount Elbrus, which is 5642 meters above sea level. On the map of Europe with countries in Russian, it can be seen that the largest lakes in the region are Geneva, Chudskoye, Onega, Ladoga and Balaton.

All European countries are divided into 4 regions - Northern, Southern, Western and Eastern. Europe includes 65 countries. 50 countries are independent states, 9 are dependent and 6 are unrecognized republics. Fourteen states are islands, 19 are inland, and 32 countries have access to the oceans and seas. On the map of Europe with countries and capitals, the borders of all European states are indicated. Three states have their own territories, both in Europe and in Asia. These are Russia, Kazakhstan and Turkey. Spain, Portugal and France have part of their territory in Africa. Denmark and France have their territories in America.

The European Union consists of 27 countries, and NATO members - 25. The Council of Europe has 47 states. The smallest state in Europe is the Vatican, and the largest is Russia.

The collapse of the Roman Empire marked the beginning of the division of Europe into East and West. Eastern Europe is the largest region of the continent. In the Slavic countries, the Orthodox religion prevails, in the rest - Catholicism. Cyrillic and Latin scripts are used. Western Europe unites Latin-speaking states. This part of the continent is the most economically developed part in the world. The Scandinavian and Baltic states unite to form Northern Europe. South Slavic, Greek and Romance countries form Southern Europe.

The political map of the world shows the borders between countries, often provides information about the state structure and form of government. Foreign Europe, whose geography is studied in grade 11, includes 40 countries that have large differences in all these indicators.

Borders

The political map of Foreign Europe shows the borders between the countries that make up it. Foreign Europe has land borders with Russia and the CIS countries. The rest of the borders are maritime.

Most of the countries that form Overseas Europe are maritime.

The territory of the region is divided into four parts - Western, Northern, Eastern, Southern Europe. The formation of this division began a long time ago and was due to geographical, cultural and economic differences.

Rice. 1. Regions of Foreign Europe.

To date, the political situation in Europe is quite stable and significant changes are not expected in the near future. The photo shows a modern political map in Russian.

Rice. 2. Countries of foreign Europe.

Form of government and territorial structure

In addition to borders, using a political map, you can determine such characteristics of countries as the form of government and territorial structure. What do these terms mean?

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• Form of government It is the system of organization of the state power of the country. Here the order of their formation, duration of action, powers are specified.
• Territorial device - a way of organizing the territory of the state. This is how the internal structure of the country is determined.

Today, there are two possible forms of government in the world:

• monarchy- when the country is ruled by a king;
• republic- in this case, the authorities are elected by the people.

There is a third form - the absolute theocratic monarchy. In this case, the supreme power belongs to the church. To date, there is only one state in the world with such a form of government, and it is located in Foreign Europe. This is the Vatican City State.

Among the monarchies are absolute and constitutional. In the first case, the power belongs entirely to the king. In the second, the king is subject to the laws of the constitution.

Republics are parliamentary and presidential. In the first case, the country is governed by a parliament headed by a president. In the second case, all power belongs to the president.

Rice. 3. The Vatican is the only city-state in the world headed by a church.

According to the territorial structure, they distinguish:

• unitary state: state administration comes from a single center and is not divided into regions;
• federation: there is a single control center and many fragments of the country subordinate to it, called subjects;
• confederation: represents a union of two or more countries.

Characteristics of European countries in the table

M - monarchy
R - republic
U - unitary
F - federation

As can be seen from the table, most of the countries of Foreign Europe are unitary republics. An interesting fact is that almost all Northern region represented by monarchies. In the Eastern region, all countries are republics. In the Southern and Western regions, republics and monarchies are approximately equally divided.

What have we learned?

The political map of Foreign Europe is formed from 40 states that have borders between themselves and other regions. Countries have land and sea borders. The form of government is dominated by republics with a unitary organization of the territory.

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In the East and Southeast (on the border with Asia) border of Europe considered to be the ridge of the Ural Mountains. The extreme points of this part of the world are considered: in the North - Cape Nordkin 71° 08' north latitude. In the south, the extreme point is considered Cape Maroki which is located at 36° north latitude. In the west, the extreme point is considered to be Cape Destiny, located 9 ° 34 'East longitude, and in the east - the eastern part of the foot of the Urals up to about Baidaratskaya Bay, located at 67° 20' East longitude.
The western and northern shores of Europe are washed by the North, Baltic Sea and the Bay of Biscay, and the Mediterranean, Marmara and Azov - deeply cut into from South. The seas of the Arctic Ocean - Norwegian, Barents, Kara, White - wash Europe in the far north. In the southeast, there is the endorheic Caspian Sea-Lake, formerly part of the ancient Mediterranean-Black Sea basin.

Europe is a part of the world, most of which is located in the Eastern Hemisphere. The Strait of Gibraltar separates it from Africa, the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles from Asia, the eastern and southeastern conditional border runs along the eastern foothills of the Urals and along the main Caucasian ridge.
Europe as a continent is characterized by the following features. Firstly, it is a large single monolith with Asia, and therefore the division into Europe is more of a historical than physical-geographical nature. Secondly, it is relatively small in area - about 10.5 million square kilometers. (together with the European part of Russia and Turkey), that is, the largest from Canada is only 500 thousand square kilometers. Only Australia is smaller than Europe. Thirdly, a significant part of the territory of Europe consists of peninsulas - the Iberian, Apennine, Balkan, Scandinavian. Fourth, the mainland of Europe is surrounded by fairly large islands (Great Britain, Svalbard, Novaya Zemlya, Iceland, Sicily, Sardinia, etc.), which significantly expand its territory. Fifthly, Europe is the only continent that does not occupy the tropics, which means that the natural diversity of climatic zones and vegetation zones is somewhat lower here.

Europe has been and remains an important macro-region in the political, economic and cultural life of the entire planet.
Within Europe there are 43 independent states. They are small and fairly compact in size. The largest states in Europe are France, Spain, Sweden, which occupy an area of ​​603.7; 552.0; 504.8; 449.9 thousand km2. is a Eurasian power, occupying an area of ​​17.1 million km2. Only twelve countries have an area from 100 to 449 thousand km2. 19 countries have an area from 20 to 100 thousand km2. The smallest area is occupied by the so-called countries - the dwarfs of the Vatican, Andorra, Monaco, San Marino, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta.
All European countries, with the exception of the Vatican, are members of the United Nations.
For a long time Europe of the XX century. was divided into two parts - East and West. The first included the former so-called socialist countries (Central-Eastern or Central and Eastern Europe), and the second - capitalist (Western Europe). The events of the late 80s and early 90s radically changed the nature of the modern era. The collapse of the socialist system led to the unification of the German lands into a single state (1990), the formation of independent independent states on the territory of the former Soviet Union(1991), the collapse of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) in 1992, Czechoslovakia - in 1993 All this should not only political, but also important economic significance. Central-Eastern and Eastern Europe, as well as the countries of the Adriatic-Black Sea subregion, are gradually creating a market economy.

A new phase of detente, which began in the late 80s and early 90s of the XX century, created a completely new situation. The idea of ​​a common European home from the Atlantic to the Urals has become an objective reality. Conditions have been created for existence various forms integration in various regions of Europe, including Central-Eastern and Eastern Europe. The first such "swallow" in the conditions of the new Europe was an attempt to create an interstate association back in the early 1990s, which the neighboring states of Austria, Hungary, Italy and the former Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia called "Pentagonalia" (now "Octagonal"). This combination of states with different political and socio-economic status has shown that neighboring states have many common problems (protection environment, use of energy, cooperation in the field of culture, scientific and technical progress). After the collapse of the CMEA, a geopolitical vacuum arose in Central-Eastern Europe. The countries are looking for a way out of it in regional and subregional integration. So, in February 1991, the Visegrad sub-regional association arose as part of Poland, Hungary and the former Czechoslovakia, which aimed to accelerate the entry of these countries into pan-European integration processes.

Shores of Europe heavily indented by bays and straits, there are many peninsulas and islands. The largest peninsulas are Scandinavian, Jutland, Iberian, Apennine, Balkan and Crimean. They occupy about 1/4 of the total area of ​​Europe.

The area of ​​the European islands exceeds 700 thousand km2. These are Novaya Zemlya, the archipelago of Franz Josef Land, Svalbard, Iceland, Great Britain, Ireland. In the Mediterranean Sea there are such large islands as Corsica, Sicily, Sardinia.

In the waters washing the shores of European land, transport routes intersect that lead to Africa and America, and also connect the countries of Europe with each other.Europe. In the southeast is the undrained Caspian Sea-lake.

Coast of strongly indented bays and straits, there are many peninsulas and islands.The largest peninsula - Scandinavian , Jutland , Iberian , Apennine , Balkan and Crimea .They occupy about 1/4 of the total area of ​​Europe.

European islands area exceeds 700 km2 .This Novaya Zemlya archipelago of Franz Josef Land , Spitsbergen , Iceland , UK, Ireland .In the Mediterranean, there are such large islands as Corsica , Sicily , Sardinia.

In the waters around the coast of the European land transport cross paths that lead to Africa and America , as well as bind Europe together.

Interactive map of Europe online with cities. Satellite and classical maps of Europe

Europe is a part of the world located in the northern hemisphere of the Earth (on the continent of Eurasia). The map of Europe shows that its territory is washed by the seas of the Atlantic and Arctic oceans. The area of ​​the European part of the mainland is more than 10 million square kilometers. Approximately 10% of the world's population (740 million people) lives on this territory.

Satellite map of Europe at night

Geography of Europe

In the 18th century, V.N. Tatishchev proposed to accurately determine the eastern border of Europe: along the ridge of the Ural Mountains and the Yaik River to the Caspian Sea. Currently on satellite map Europe, you can see that the eastern border runs along the eastern foot of the Ural Mountains, along the Mugodzhar mountains, along the Emba River, the Caspian Sea, the Kume and Manych rivers, and also along the mouth of the Don.

Approximately ¼ of the territory of Europe falls on the peninsulas; 17% of the territory is occupied by mountains such as the Alps, the Pyrenees, the Carpathians, the Caucasus, etc. The highest point in Europe is Mont Blanc (4808 m), and the lowest is the Caspian Sea (-27 m). The largest rivers of the European part of the mainland are the Volga, Danube, Dnieper, Rhine, Don and others.

Peak Mont Blanc - the highest point in Europe

States of Europe

On the political map Europe, it can be seen that approximately 50 states are located on this territory. It is worth noting that only 43 states are officially recognized by other countries; five states are located in Europe only partially, and 2 countries have limited recognition or are not recognized at all by other countries.

Europe is often divided into several parts: Western, Eastern, Southern and Northern. Western European countries include Austria, Belgium, Great Britain, Germany, Liechtenstein, Ireland, France, Monaco, Luxembourg, Switzerland and the Netherlands.

In the territory of Eastern Europe are Belarus, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Moldova, Hungary, Czech Republic, Poland and Romania.

Political map of Europe

In Northern Europe there are Scandinavian countries and the Baltic countries: Denmark, Norway, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Sweden, Finland and Iceland.

Southern Europe is San Marino, Portugal, Spain, Italy, Vatican City, Greece, Andorra, Macedonia, Albania, Montenegro, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Malta and Slovenia.

Partly in Europe are countries such as Russia, Turkey, Kazakhstan, Georgia and Azerbaijan. The unrecognized entities include the Republic of Kosovo and the Transnistrian Moldavian Republic.

Danube river in Budapest

Politics of Europe

In the field of politics, the leaders are the following states of Europe: France, Germany, Great Britain and Italy. To date, 28 European states are part of the European Union - a supranational association that determines the political, trade and monetary activities of the participating countries.

Also, many European countries are part of NATO - a military alliance in which, in addition to European countries, the United States and Canada take part. Finally, 47 states are members of the Council of Europe, an organization that implements programs to protect human rights, protect the environment, and so on.

Events on Maidan in Ukraine

For 2014, the main centers of instability are Ukraine, where hostilities unfolded after Russia annexed Crimea and the events on the Maidan, as well as the Balkan Peninsula, where the problems that arose after the collapse of Yugoslavia have not yet been resolved.