6 how Lopakhin sees a new life. Composition on the topic: Hello, new life in the play The Cherry Orchard, Chekhov

slide 3

“Finished with the past calculation!”

“... This same Yermolai bought an estate, the most beautiful of which is nothing in the world. I bought an estate where my grandfather and father were slaves, where they were not even allowed into the kitchen.” - Read the monologue to the end. How did the acquirer Lopakhin appear before you? - How is this acquisition of Lopakhin different from previous purchases?

slide 4

Capital Knight"I can pay for everything!"

... A peasant ... My father, however, was a peasant, but here I am in a white vest, yellow shoes. With a pig's snout in a row of kalash... Just now he's rich, there's a lot of money, but if you think about it and figure it out, then a peasant is a peasant... (He flips through a book.) I read a book and did not understand anything. Read and fell asleep.

slide 5

Lopakhin. You know, I get up at five o'clock in the morning, work from morning to evening, well, I always have my own money and other people's money, and I see what kind of people are around. You just have to start doing something to understand how few honest, decent people there are. Sometimes, when I can’t sleep, I think: “Lord, you gave us huge forests, vast fields, the deepest horizons, and living here, we ourselves should really be giants ...” Comment on Lopakhin’s monologue The originality of the Chekhov hero

slide 6

-What is the new life for Lopakhin?

Hey, musicians, play, I want to listen to you! Everyone come and watch how Yermolai Lopakhin will hit the cherry orchard with an ax, how the trees will fall to the ground! We will set up dachas, and our grandchildren and great-grandchildren will see a new life here... Music, play!

Slide 7

"Tender soul" or "predatory beast"?

Trofimov. I, Yermolai Alekseevich, so understand: you are a rich man, you will soon be a millionaire. This is how, in terms of metabolism, you need a predatory beast that eats everything that comes in its way, so you are needed. - So who is more useful: Ranevskaya or Lopakhin?

Slide 8

Why, why didn't you listen to me? My poor, good, you will not return now. (With tears.) Oh, that all this would soon pass, that our awkward, unhappy life would somehow change. -What can you say about Lopakhin the man? -Remember his other virtues, noble deeds and gestures. Which beginning wins in Lopakhin?

Slide 9

Who is right in the dispute about the garden: Ranevskaya or Lopakhin?

LOPAKHIN. (Glancing at his watch.) Your estate is only twenty versts from the city; five thousand a year income. . Only, of course, you need to clean up, clean up ... for example, say, demolish all the old buildings, this house, which is no longer good for anything, cut down the old cherry orchard ... Lyubov Andreevna. Cut it down? My dear, if there is anything ... wonderful in the whole province, it is only our cherry orchard. Lopakhin. The only remarkable thing about this garden is that it is very large. Cherry is born every two years, and even that has nowhere to go, no one buys. Gaev. And the Encyclopedic Dictionary mentions this garden.

Slide 10

Russia of the future

slide 11

"Eternal Student" Petya Trofimov

To get around that petty and illusory thing that prevents us from being free and happy, this is the goal and meaning of our life. Forward! We march irresistibly towards the bright star that burns far away! Forward! Keep up, friends!

slide 12

I foresee happiness!

“If you have the keys to the household, then throw them into the well and leave! Be free as the wind." Around Trofimov, the romantic plan of the play is grouped, but also ironic. Prove it! What contradictions do you find in Petya's calls and actions?

slide 13

“That youth can be recognized as healthy, which does not put up with the old order and stupidly or cleverly fights against them - this is how nature wants and progress is based on this.” A.P. Chekhov Anya. 17 years

What does Lopakhin see as a new life? Why does Chekhov end the play with the sound of an ax hitting wood? and got the best answer

Answer from Alexey Khoroshev[guru]
The work of A.P. Chekhov falls on the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th century, when the feudal system was replaced by the capitalist formation, which made it possible to introduce new forms of economy.
However, representatives of the local nobility reluctantly entered into a new life. The conservatism of most of them, the inability to abandon the feudal methods of farming, the inability to use the current situation led the landowners' estates to ruin.
Against the background of the impoverishment of the nobility, a new layer of society enters the economic life of Russia, new people - entrepreneurs, "masters of life."
In the play The Cherry Orchard, this new master of life is Lopakhin, an intelligent, energetic businessman, industrialist. Against the backdrop of the impractical, weak-willed nobles Ranevsky and Gaev, who live more in the past than in the present, he is distinguished by enormous energy, a wide scope of work, and a thirst for education. He knows his place both in life and in society, and nowhere drops his dignity.
While Lopakhin is aware of the hopelessness of the situation of the owners of the cherry orchard and gives them practical advice, they compose pathetic hymns to the house and garden, talk to things - with a closet, with a table, kiss them and are carried away by their thoughts into a sweet, carefree past, so irretrievably gone.
Lopakhin directly and simply calls a spade a spade (“... your cherry orchard is being sold for debts ...”), is ready to help in trouble, but he does not have a common language with the Gaevs. His sober, realistic approach to reality seems to them “rudeness”, insulting to their honor, a lack of understanding of beauty. Lopakhin has his own understanding of beauty: “We will set up dachas, and our grandchildren and great-grandchildren will see a new life here.”
Lack of will, incapacity, inability to live, carelessness characterize these gentlemen. They are behind the times and must give up their house and their garden, their place to the new masters of life, sober, practical, intelligent and businesslike.
Lopakhin's philosophy: work is the basis of life. “When I work for a long time, without getting tired, then my thoughts are easier, and it seems as if I also know what I exist for. And how many, brother, are there people in Russia who exist for no one knows why.” He is able to feel beauty, admires the picture of a flowering poppy. According to Trofimov, he has "thin, tender fingers, like an artist's ... a thin, tender soul." He understands that “with a pig's snout, he climbs into the Kalash line ...” But with what triumph he says: “The Cherry Orchard is now mine! My! (Laughs.) My God, gentlemen, my cherry orchard! .. ”
Chekhov judges sternly, he wants to be heard: “Yes, do you, if you love your garden, beauty, at least something to protect it from the ax, take responsibility for the family hearth, and not just shed tears of tenderness over them . Wake up from carelessness when trouble is on the threshold! ” And only Firs remained completely devoted to that life, and that is why he was forgotten in a boarded up house, despite all the worries of Ranevskaya, Vari, Anya, Yasha. The guilt of the heroes in front of him is also a symbol of universal guilt for the death of the beautiful that was in the outgoing life. The play ends with the words of Firs, and then only the sound of a broken string and the sound of an ax cutting down a cherry orchard is heard.
A new owner of the garden, the house, and all such gardens and houses, and all this life, has come. What is the future of Lopakhin? Probably, having become even richer in the years remaining before the revolution, he will contribute to the economic prosperity of Russia, become a patron of the arts. Maybe he will build schools and hospitals for the poor with his own money. In the life of Russia there were many such people: Morozovs, Mamontovs, Ryabushinskys, Alekseevs, Soldatenkovs, Tretyakovs, Bakhrushins. And today, entrepreneurs, business people could play a significant role in the country's economy. But their behavior, disregard for spirituality, culture, the desire only for personal enrichment can lead to a decline in the spiritual forces of society, to the decline of the state, their ability to destroy, without thinking about the future, a beautiful cherry orchard - a symbol of Russia by Chekhov - can lead to sad consequences. .

The play "The Cherry Orchard", written by Chekhov in 1904, can rightfully be considered the creative testament of the writer. In it, the author raises a number of problems characteristic of Russian literature: the problem of the figure, fathers and children, love, suffering, and others. All these problems are united in the theme of the past, present and future of Russia.

In Chekhov's last play, there is one central image that determines the whole life of the characters. This is a cherry orchard. Ranevskaya has memories of his whole life associated with him: both bright and tragic. For her and her brother Gaev, this is a family nest. Or rather, even to say that she is not the owner of the garden, but he is its owner. “After all, I was born here,” she says, “my father and mother lived here, my grandfather, I love this house, I don’t understand my life without a cherry orchard, and if you really need to sell it, then sell me along with the garden ... "But for Ranevskaya and Gaev, the cherry orchard is a symbol of the past.

Another hero, Yermolai Lopakhin, looks at the garden from the point of view of the "circulation of business." He busily offers Ranevskaya and Gaev to break the estate into summer cottages, and cut down the garden. We can say that Ranevskaya is a garden in the past, Lopakhin is a garden in the present.

The garden in the future personifies the younger generation of the play: Petya Trofimov and Anya, Ranevskaya's daughter. Petya Trofimov is the son of a pharmacist. Now he is a raznochinets student, honestly working his way through life. He lives hard. He himself says that if it is winter, then he is hungry, anxious, poor. Varya calls Trofimov an eternal student, who has already been fired from the university twice. Like many progressive people of Russia, Petya is smart, proud, and honest. He knows the plight of the people. Trofimov thinks that this situation can be corrected only by continuous work. He lives by faith in the bright future of the Motherland. With delight, Trofimov exclaims: "Forward! We are moving irresistibly towards the bright star that burns there in the distance! Forward! Keep up, friends!" His speech is oratory, especially where he talks about the bright future of Russia. "All Russia is our garden!" he exclaims.

Anya is a seventeen-year-old girl, the daughter of Ranevskaya. Anya received the usual noble education. Trofimov had a great influence on the formation of Ani's worldview. Ani's spiritual appearance is characterized by spontaneity, sincerity and beauty of feelings and moods. There is a lot of semi-childish spontaneity in Anya's character, she says with childish joy: "And I flew in a balloon in Paris!" Trofimov arouses in Anya's soul a beautiful dream of a new beautiful life. The girl breaks ties with the past.

The girl breaks ties with the past. Anya decides to pass the exams for the gymnasium course and start living in a new way. Anya's speech is tender, sincere, filled with faith in the future.

The images of Anya and Trofimov evoke my sympathy. I really like spontaneity, sincerity, beauty of feelings and moods, faith in the bright future of my Motherland.

It is with their lives that Chekhov connects the future of Russia, it is in their mouths that he puts words of hope, his own thoughts. Therefore, these heroes can also be perceived as reasoners - spokesmen for the ideas and thoughts of the author himself.

So, Anya says goodbye to the garden, that is, to her past life, easily, joyfully. She is sure that, despite the fact that the knock of an ax is heard, that the estate will be sold for summer cottages, despite this, new people will come and plant new gardens that will be more beautiful than the previous ones. Together with her, Chekhov himself believes in this.

Debate is necessary for a person in the modern world. It will be legitimate to include debate as an educational technology in the educational process. Debates are distinguished by a high level of motivation, a conscious need for the assimilation of knowledge and skills, effectiveness and compliance with social norms.

1. stimulation of research activities of students;
2. development of communication and interaction skills in a small group;
3. formation of value-oriented unity of the group;
4. adoption of moral norms and rules of joint activity.

Design: statements of critics, a portrait of A.P. Chekhov, rules for conducting debates.

Vocabulary work: debate, problem, hypothesis, speaker, case, opponent, time speaker, reflection.

Teacher. Today we are having an unusual lesson. Its form is debate. I would like to remind you of the rules of the debate:

• not only the ability to speak is important, but also the ability to listen;
• it is necessary to speak clearly, speak out on the problem, avoiding redundancy of information;
• you need to be able to ask questions that help understand the message;
• We criticize ideas, not individuals.

Teacher: Today we are having an unusual lesson. Its form is debate. In the process of discussion, we will learn to listen to each other, accept someone else's point of view, yield or, on the contrary, without offending, prove the correctness of the position, opinion.

I. Putting forward the problem: A.P. Chekhov created the play "The Cherry Orchard" (1903), overcoming a fatal illness. He insisted that he created "not a drama, but a comedy, in places even a farce." Relationships, dialogues of literally all the characters reveal a misunderstanding of each other, a difference of opinions. We have already met the main characters of the play. A special place in the play is occupied by the image of Yermolai Lopakhin. Chekhov himself said more than once that the role of Lopakhin is central, and at the same time contradictory. Two people live and fight among themselves in it - a “subtle, tender soul” and a “predatory beast”. Today we have to find out who he really is. The affirmative side will defend the position - "Lopakhin is a subtle, tender soul", refuting - "Lopakhin is a predatory beast." At the end of the debate, we will hold a vote, as a result of which we will find out whose arguments were more convincing.

II. The course of the debate.

• Representation of the debating parties;
• Putting forward hypotheses.

Speaker U-1 (speech time - 5 min.): Resolution of today's debate: "Yermolai Lopakhin is a subtle, tender soul." In accordance with the resolution, we provide definitions of key concepts:

BUT) Thin - in the dictionary of the Russian language S.I. Ozhegov this word is given in 6 meanings, we decided to take the interpretation of this word in 3, 4, 5 meanings: 3. refined, not rude; 4. sharp, insightful, intelligent; 5. sensitive, quickly perceiving something (all meanings are given in a figurative sense)

B) Gentle-one. Affectionate, showing love; 2. pleasant, thin, not rough; 3. weak, fragile (p. 398).

AT) Soul– 1. the inner psychological world of a person, his consciousness; 2. one or another property of character, as well as a person with certain properties; 3. Peren. The inspirer of something, the main person; 4. about a person (usually in stable combinations) (p. 178)

Our criterion:“You have thin, tender fingers, like an artist, you have a thin, tender soul” (remark by Petya Trofimov, action 1U). On February 5, 1903, A.P. Chekhov informed Stanislavsky: “After February 20, I expect to sit down and finish the play by March 20. It's already in my head. It's called The Cherry Orchard, four acts, in act 1 you can see cherry blossoms through the windows, a solid white garden. And ladies in white dresses.” The play was still written. Among the characters, one of the main ones is Yermolai Lopakhin, a merchant, age is not specified. The fact that the role of Lopakhin is one of the main ones is emphasized by the author himself in a letter to his wife O.L. Knipper dated October 30, 1903: “After all, the role of Lopakhin is central. If it fails, then the whole play will fail” (A.P. Chekhov. Complete Works, Volume 20, p. 169). And in a letter to Stanislavsky, whom he wanted to see in the role of Lopakhin, Chekhov said: “Lopakhin, it is true, is a merchant, but a decent person in every sense, he must behave quite decently, intelligently, not petty, without tricks ..” In connection with this is what we put forward first argument to confirm the voiced resolution that A.P. Chekhov sought to create a living face that makes you think about the fundamental issues of life, and not a poster image of a merchant. grief, capable of generosity, disinterestedness. Let's look at the beginning of the play. Lopakhin spent the whole night at the Ranevskaya estate, waiting for their arrival. In a conversation with the maid Dunyasha, he mentions how, as a “boy of about fifteen, being beaten by his own father, he first saw Lyubov Andreevna: “Lyubov Andreevna, so thin, led me to the washstand, here in this very room, in the nursery. “Don’t cry, he says, little man, he will heal before the wedding. In this regard, we put forward second argument- Lopakhin's affection for Ranevskaya is not a relic of servile affection for the former mistress, but a deep, sincere feeling that grew out of gratitude, out of respect for kindness and beauty. For the sake of Lyubov Andreevna, Lopakhin endures Gaev's lordly neglect. For her sake, he is ready to give up his interests: dreaming of taking possession of the estate, he nonetheless offers a completely real project of preserving it in the property of Ranevskaya. Everything said here, in my opinion, fully proves the correctness of our resolution, that Lopakhin is a subtle and gentle person. Thank you for attention! Ready for cross-examination.

Question from speaker O-3 to O-1 (time - 3 min.)

- From your speech, we understood that Lopakhin still dreamed of taking possession of the estate. Do you agree with the interpretation of the word “quiet”, given in the same dictionary of the Russian language by S.I. Ozhegov, p. 789, “cunning, dexterous”. In my opinion, this definition is more suitable for him!

Answer U-1 A: No, I don't agree. We have given, in my opinion, as many and correct interpretations of the word "quiet" as possible, confirming our resolution. The definition of “cunning, dexterous” cannot be attributed to Lopakhin.

Question O-3: The researcher of the work of A.P. Chekhov, A. Revyakin, argues that “Lopakhins are people who manage the economic wealth of the country, the“ masters ”of life, those in power.” What do you say to this?

Answer Y-1: Perhaps I do not agree with him. Lopakhin is a representative of the emerging bourgeoisie, which, in comparison with the nobility, was conceived by A.P. Chekhov as a positive social force.

O- 3: I do not have any questions.

Judges: If there are no questions, go to the refuting side.

Speaker O-1 (speech time - 5 min.):

- We do not agree with the resolution of the “Romance” faction, therefore we are putting forward our own: “Yermolai Lopakhin is a predatory beast.” Our definitions:

Predatory-one. About animals: eating animal food. 2. trans. Greedy, full of desire to master someone, something; 3. Grab something (p. 849).

Beast - 1. Wild, usually predatory animal; 2. trans. about a cruel, ferocious person (S.I. Ozhegov “Dictionary of the Russian language (p. 223).

Our criterion: “Just as in the sense of metabolism a predatory animal is needed, which eats everything that comes in its way, so you are needed” (Petya Trofimov to Lopakhin, act 2). From the first pages of the play, Lopakhin smells of something cold, vile. Even the very fact that the owners of the estate were waiting for him all night speaks of his bad intentions, and he was not in such close family relations with Ranevskaya to wait all night for their arrival: “How late was the train? For two hours, at least (yawns and stretches) I'm good. what a fool you made! I came here on purpose (I emphasize this word!) to meet you at the station and suddenly overslept... I fell asleep while sitting. Annoyance ..” He already knew that the Ranevskaya estate was for sale, so he specially came to find out everything. The owners of the estate, having met him, were not even happy; Gaev, brother of Ranevskaya, tries to belittle him in the presence of everyone, no one listens to his words. I quote: “Lopakhin: Yes, time is running out. Gaev: Who? Lopakhin: Time, I say, is running out. Gaev: And here it smells of patchouli” And first argument reinforcing our resolution, it will sound like this: Lopakhin is a big predator, eating animal food, looking for food where they don’t even think about it, Knowing about Mount Ranevskaya, pretending to be a supposedly sympathetic person, he is looking for where and what to devour. He even has a “speaking” surname: Lopakhin - from the word “to burst”. After another harassment from Gaev, Lopakhin declares to Ranevskaya: “Your brother, here is Leonid Andreich, says about me that I am a boor, I am a kulak, but I absolutely don’t care. Let him speak. I only wish you still believed me, so that your amazing, touching eyes looked at me as before ... ”and immediately offers his project for saving the cherry orchard with cutting down trees and distributing land for summer cottages with an annual income of twenty-five thousand . Lopakhin does not even understand that it is blasphemy to cut down such beauty, the most beautiful thing in the whole province. “The remarkable thing about this garden is that it is very large. Cherry is born once every 2 years, and there is nowhere to put it, no one buys it, ”he says to the owners. It is no coincidence that Chekhov puts the words into Lopakhin's mouth: “And one can say that in 20 years the dacha resident will multiply (I emphasize!) to the point of extraordinary” This could only be said about animals, but not about people! In this regard, we put forward our second argument that in Lopakhin there is more animal than human. He even speaks like an animal, using coarse vulgar vocabulary and phraseology: “With an animal snout in a kalash row; What a breakthrough; I write ... like a pig; It's called crying out."

Thus, the Lopakhins in their lives are guided primarily by the interests of a personal, predatory good. Their enormous energy, sober mind, vital tenacity are aimed at satisfying the interests of personal gain, personal well-being, personal satiety.

Thank you for your attention! Ready for cross-examination.

Question from Speaker U-3 to O-1 (time 2 min):

- Here the thought sounded that Lopakhin pretends to love Ranevskaya, that he is grateful to her for everything that she once did for him. And the critic G.P. Berdnikov claims that “Lopakhin is so attached to Ranevskaya that he is even ready to endure the humiliation and oppression of Gaev”? Do you agree with this?

Answer O-1: No, I do not agree. These are not sincere feelings, but simply the disposition of a person towards himself. In the end, each of us should have at least a drop of pride.

Question U-3: Do you think the project for saving the cherry orchard proposed by Lopakhin is the only and correct one? After all, he warns that if nothing is invented, then the entire estate and the cherry orchard will be auctioned off and that there is no other way out.

What would you suggest in Lopakhin's place?

Answer O-1: If we consider this from the heights of our time, Lopakhin turned out to be far-sighted: now there are a lot of dachas and summer residents. But at that time, dachas were not listed, it was a manifestation of ignorance, rudeness. And if he loved Ranevskaya so much, why not borrow money ?! In Lopakhin's place, I would have done just that! Than throwing words into the wind, it is better to prove your love and affection in practice, in the end - to thank for all the good things!

U-3: No questions.

Judges: If there are no questions, cross-examination is over. Let's move on to the speech of the second speaker of the approval team. Time for performance - 4 minutes.

III. Confirmation and refutation of hypotheses.

U-2 speaker: (speech time - 4 min.)

In my speech, I continue to defend our resolution and want to provide the following evidence. But first, I want to express my disagreement with the opinion of the speaker who spoke before me, that in Lopakhin there is more predatory, bestial. What if Lopakhin is waiting for the owners of the estate all night? After all, he had not seen them for 5 whole years, he only feels respect for Ranevskaya, gratitude for everything that she once did for him. “My father was a serf with your grandfather and father, but you, in fact, you once did so much for me that I forgot everything and love you like my own, more than my own,” Lopakhin tells her (act 1 ). If he wished them harm, he would come the next day, two days later, or he might not come at all and not talk about the upcoming auction: come what may! He even warns them that the rich man Deriganov will personally come to the auction! As for the garden rescue project, in my opinion, Lopakhin is just interested in keeping this garden for Ranevskaya as a token of gratitude. I don’t see anything predatory in dividing the garden plot into dachas, on the contrary, it would bring income. How many people would have dachas! How much benefit they would bring to people! A man with a subtle soul, Lopakhin felt the possibility of helping people, earning gratitude from them. I continue to assert that in Lopakhin there is more tenderness, purity than predatory. Look how much he loves Varya! He doesn't even propose to her because he feels he's not ready for it. He, like a real gentleman, does not play with high feelings. But he could “pretend” to be a loving groom and deceive her. He doesn't. Because he is not indifferent to the fate of Varya and in general any person. He keeps respect not only for Ranevskaya personally, but also for her family members. This once again confirms the truth of our criterion. Thank you for your attention! Ready for cross-examination.

Question O-1 to O-2:

You claim that Lopakhin loves Varya, that he does not make a serious proposal to her because of his unpreparedness for marriage. Varya is 24 years old, Lopakhin is older than her, financially secure (a merchant), and he admits to Ranevskaya that Varya is a “good girl.” It turns out that Lopakhin is not ready to marry, and Varya is not ready to become his worthy wife (after all, quite soon she will become a beggar, a dowry?

Answer U-2: No, Lopakhin is a smart person. He will not spoil Varya's life. Marriage is sacred, so you need to think carefully.

Question O-1: Think about what? How much money does your beloved have, will she remain the mistress of at least a cherry orchard?

U-2: The play takes place when dowry girls are not highly valued. Take, for example, A. Ostrovsky's drama "Dowry". But the point is not in them, but in the nobility of Lopakhin.

A-1: No questions.

Judges: If there are no questions, we will give the floor to the second speaker of the negative team. Time for presentation 4 minutes.

Speaker O-2 (speech time - 4 minutes)

– I want to express my disagreement with the opinion of the speaker who spoke before me. Excuse me, but what nobility of Lopakhin are you talking about? About what love? Lopakhin is below love! A person who thinks only about personal gain, a person who seeks only material gain in everything, how can he talk about something unearthly, I mean love! As an illustration, consider the history of Lopakhin's relationship with Varya. He many times - under the mild but persistent influence of Ranevskaya - readily agrees to make an offer. And every time at the last moment he ducked with some awkward joke, like
“Okhmelia, go to the monastery!” or just “Meee!” . In this “Me-e-e!” again slips his bestial, animal nature! Let's remember the end of the play, act 4. When all the owners collect their things after the sale of the cherry orchard, Lyubov Andreevna herself says to Lopakhin: “My second sadness is Varya. She was used to getting up early and working ... I dreamed of marrying her to you, and it was clear to everyone that you were getting married. She loves you, you like her, and I don’t know why it’s exactly avoid each other” To which your “noble” Lopakhin says: “I myself don’t understand either, to be honest. Everything is somehow strange. If there is still time, then at least I’m ready now ... Let’s finish it right away - and that’s it, but without you I (I emphasize!), I feel I won’t make an offer ”And this is what your person says with a subtle and tender soul, afraid to hurt someone’s heart? Yes, he is most likely afraid of hurting his heart! Left alone with Varya, he did not even utter a word about marriage, and when he was called from the yard, he was simply delighted, as if he had been waiting for this call for a long time, and quickly left. In my opinion, the point is not that Lopakhin did not want to hurt Varya's heart, and not that he is not ready for marriage. Varya herself gives the answer: “For two years now everyone has been talking to me about him, but he is silent or joking. I understand. He gets rich, busy with business, he is not up to me”. The poor “bride” is right: Lopakhin is not up to Varya! In a dialogue with Petya Trofimov, Lopakhin says: “You just need to start doing something to understand how few honest, decent people are.” I think that's what he says about himself. There is just not enough decency in Lopakhin. He rejected Varya, because she, being the keeper of the old traditions associated with the possession of a cherry orchard, does not meet his commercial aspirations and plans. Thank you for your attention! Ready for cross-examination.

Question D-1 to G-2 (2 min):

Do you think that Lopakhin was not going to connect his life with Varya, since she does not meet his plans. And what are his plans, what does his new life look like to him?

Answer O-2: He does not associate the idea of ​​future happiness, of a happy new life with Varya in any way - this is a 100% guarantee. A new, happy life seems to him possible on “dacha tithes”, on the basis of some kind of entrepreneurial activity. After all, Chekhov warned that Lopakhin was not a fist, and explained that Varya, a serious and religious girl, would not love a fist. The idea of ​​future happiness is shaped by that atmosphere of acquisitiveness, businesslikeness, which is increasingly addictive.

U-1: No questions.

Judges: If there are no questions, we will give the floor to the 3rd speaker of the “Romantics” faction.

IV. Public defense and correction of hypotheses.

Speaker U-3 (time - 4 min.): I have to sum up our speeches and once again prove the correctness of the criterion put forward by us "Lopakhin is a subtle, tender soul." Continuing to defend our position, I would like to present the following as evidence. Here they presented the facts of Lopakhin's dishonesty. I generally deny it. Will a dishonest person experience excitement, some embarrassment in front of Ranevskaya because it was he who acquired the cherry orchard? He even pities her, shows sympathy for her: “Why, why didn’t you listen to me? My poor, good one .. "and with tears in her eyes she says:" Oh, if only all this would pass, our awkward, unhappy life would soon change! Let us recall the episode of Lopakhin's farewell to the former owners of the cherry orchard. He came personally to see them off, even brought a bottle of champagne, constantly reminding them that they might miss the train. A dishonest person would not do such a thing! Lopakhin remains a "subtle soul" throughout the play. Even the heroes themselves speak of him only positively: Lyubov Andreevna: “Well, Varya, I will be very happy. He is a good man." Simeonov-Pishchik: "A man, you must tell the truth ... worthy." Differing in many respects from Gaev, Lopakhin shows an active, practical activity, his individual properties are manifested in a certain kindness, gentleness, in the pursuit of beauty. Sometimes he is even dissatisfied with himself. Remembering his father, he says: “Actually, And I'm such a blockhead and an idiot. I didn’t learn anything, my handwriting is bad, I write in such a way that it’s typical of people.” Is such an individual feature of Lopakhin typical of the merchant class? A.P. Chekhov, in his letters to O.L. Knipper dated October 28 and 30, wrote: “After all, this is not a merchant in the vulgar sense of the word, you need to understand this ... Lopakhin should not be played as a screamer, it is not necessary that it must necessarily be a merchant. This is a gentle person,” the critic A.V. Amfiteatrov, in his article “The Cherry Orchard” by A.P. Chekhov, declares: “we should not consider him a rude predator, a grabber and a worker for his own womb. And he is a dreamer in his own way ... ". And the critic G. Petrov in the article “In Defense of Lopakhin” argued that Chekhov depicted the future of Russia in Lopakhin: “Trofimov laughs at Lopakhin that he is waving his arms. He calls Lopakhin a predatory beast. But Lopakhin not only waves his arms. He also has a scope .. Lopakhin has a tender soul, a sharp mind, a wide scope, thin fingers of artist artists.”

Summing up the above, I conclude that Ermolai Lopakhin is a gentle soul and for this reason I ask the respected judges to give their votes to our team. Thank you for your attention!.

Judges: The floor is given to the third speaker of the denying team.

Speaker O-3 (time - 4 min.): Dear judges, guests present in this hall! I had the honor to sum up the speeches of the speakers of our faction. There were a lot of clashes over one argument or another, but, in my opinion, our arguments are much stronger and more weighty. I'll start in order. We already know that Ermolai Lopakhin has become the new owner of the cherry orchard. The very process of acquiring this garden is considered dishonesty on his part, although the opposite was claimed here. From the moment Lopakhin appeared on the estate of the thoughtlessly merry Ranevskaya after the auction, something unpleasant was wafted. To the question of Ranevskaya “Who bought it?” Lopakhin answers laughing: “I bought it! Go gentlemen, do me a favor, my head is clouded, I can’t speak ... ”, laughs:“ The Cherry Orchard is now mine! My! My God, Lord, my cherry orchard! Tell me that I'm drunk, out of my mind, that all this seems to me! ..” Here, the pride of the “beaten, illiterate Yermolai, who ran barefoot in winter”, a descendant of serf slaves, and the triumph of the entrepreneur after a successful a deal in which he beat a competitor, and the roar of a predatory beast. Even the last phrase of Lopakhin in this scene is “I can pay for everything!” so significant. And what he does on the day of the farewell of the Ranevskys with his estate is not subject to discussion at all! Here the nature of the predator is clearly traced. To come to a house where they don’t even want to see him, to get in the way (in the literal sense of the word!), to lock the doors of each room with a key, when the former owners have not yet left, to constantly remind you of the train’s departure time – these are no longer manifestations of sympathy and pity, as our opponents tried to present to us here, but most likely a manifestation of a master's attitude towards a newly acquired cherry orchard, a manifestation of the habits of an animal that has found some kind of living creature and is afraid to lose it! Lopakhin feels like a new master, and on these rights he gives advice to Petya Trofimov, Gaev, he is even ready to lend them money at first. (It would be better if he borrowed money to buy out the garden!). Lopakhin, without waiting for the departure of Ranevskaya, to whom he owes a lot (according to him), obviously tactlessly began to cut down the cherry orchard, although he was asked not to do this. These persistent blows of the ax make one think that beauty, bought by a predatory capitalist, is perishing. Lopakhin is a more practical, rude exploiter. vigorous. Showing this brute force, he shouts: “A new landowner is coming, the owner of a cherry orchard!”. So, Yermolai Lopakhin is a predatory beast, thinking only about his own personal benefit, putting personal enrichment in the forefront, for which there are no questions of morality, honor. A new happy life seems to him possible on the "summer tithes", on the basis of some kind of entrepreneurial activity. The Lopakhins have taken root deeply. Even after so many years they can be found among our contemporaries. Lopakhin's words become the principle of their life: “I can pay for everything!”.

I hope that the arguments given by my teammates turned out to be more weighty, and for this reason I ask the distinguished judges to give their votes to our team, Thank you for your attention!

Judges: The debate is over. All performances of both teams are listened to. Viewers present, please vote. (After counting the votes, the results of the debate are announced).

V. General conclusion.

Teacher. The comedy "The Cherry Orchard" is an eternal mystery, the same mystery as its author, who managed with his play to put himself on a par with those whom we call the classics of great Russian literature. This play is also designed for a new viewer who is able to catch its lyrical, symbolic context. In literary criticism, the image of Lopakhin is controversial. Literary critics have not come to a consensus. And if we look more broadly, then the main character of the play is the new Russia. Time runs! But who is destined to be the creator of a new life, who will plant a new cherry orchard? The answer to this question remains open.

VI. Summing up the lesson: grading, homework.