Encyclopedia of fairy-tale heroes: "Wild landowner". Analysis "The Wild Landowner" Saltykov-Shchedrin The main idea of ​​Shchedrin's fairy tale is the wild landowner short

Saltykov-Shchedrin M., fairy tale "The Wild Landowner"

Genre: satirical story

The main characters of the fairy tale "The Wild Landowner" and their characteristics

1. Wild landowner. Stupid, stubborn, stubborn, narrow-minded, tyrant
2. Guys. Simple, unprepossessing, hardworking
3. Correction Captain. Faithful servant.
4. Four generals. They like to play cards and drink.
5. Actor Sadovsky. Man of sense.

1. Wealthy landowner.
2. Prayer of the landowner to God
3. fines
4. The prayers of the men
5. chaff whirlwind
6. Purity and freshness
7. Actor Sadovsky
8. Four generals
9. Dreams of a landowner
10. Police Captain
11. Savage landowner
12. Friendship with a bear
13. The decision of the authorities
14. swarm of men
15. General welfare.

1. The landowner lived in prosperity and contentment, but did not want to see the peasants and imposed fines on them
2. The peasants prayed to God and carried them away with a whirlwind of chaff.
3. The landowner's guests called him stupid, but the landowner only dreamed and stubbornly stood his ground.
4. The landowner began to run wild, overgrown and became very strong, made friends with a bear
5. The authorities ordered the return of the peasant and the suggestion to the landowner
6. They caught a swarm of peasants, caught the landowner and prosperity came.

What does the fairy tale "The Wild Landowner" teach?
The fairy tale teaches not to take an example from stupid articles in newspapers, but to think with your own head. Learn to respect the work of others. It teaches that work is honorable, and idleness and laziness are harmful. It teaches you not to be stubborn, teaches you to listen to the opinions of others. Learn to have your head on your shoulders. Learn not to be selfish. It teaches that labor made the ape man.

Review of the fairy tale "The Wild Landowner"
I really like this beautiful story. Her main character is not just a wild, but a very stupid landowner who believed that everything around appears by itself. He despised the peasant, but left alone he could not feed himself, could not take care of himself, became a savage, turned into an animal. He was too stubborn to admit his mistakes. But oddly enough, the landowner's wild life suited him just fine. But this state of affairs did not suit the state, which also could not exist without peasants.

Proverbs to the fairy tale "Wild landowner"
Absolutely stupid, who does not know anyone.
Stupidity is not a vice, but a misfortune.
A man works weeping, but he collects bread galloping.
Peasant calluses and bars live well.
To teach a fool that the dead can be cured.

Read a summary, a brief retelling of the fairy tale "Wild Landowner"
There lived a landowner in a certain kingdom and he had plenty of everything. And peasants, and land, and bread and livestock. But the landowner was stupid, because he read the "News". And so the landowner asked God to save him from the peasants, but God did not heed his request, because he knew about the stupidity of the landowner.
And the landowner, seeing that the peasant still abides, read the word "Try" in the newspaper and began to try.
The landlord imposed various fines and requisitions on the peasants, so that the peasant could not even breathe without a fine. And the peasants already prayed that God would deliver them from such a landowner. And God heeded the peasant prayer. A chaff wind picked up and the men disappeared.
The landowner went out onto the balcony, and the air around was clean, pure. The fool rejoiced.
He invited the actor Sadovsky and the actors to visit. And when he found out that the landowner had exhausted the peasants, he said that he was stupid. After all, now no one will give him a wash. And with these words he left.
Then the landowner called four generals to play cards.
The generals arrived, satisfied that there was no peasant and that the air was clean. They play cards. Only the time has come to drink vodka, and the landowner brings candy and gingerbread.
The generals goggled, what kind of treat is this, they would have beef. They called the landowner stupid and parted in anger.
But the landowner decided to be firm to the end. He laid out solitaire, he converged with him, so we must continue to stick to our line. He began to dream about how he would order cars from England, and what kind of gardens he would plant. He will wander around the rooms, shout to Senka, but remember that there is none, and go to bed.
And in a dream he dreams how he was made a minister for his firmness. He wakes up, shouts to Senka, but he comes to his senses.
And then the police captain came to the landowner and arranged an interrogation, where the temporarily liable had disappeared and who would now pay taxes. The landowner offered to pay with a glass of vodka and printed gingerbread. But the police officer called him stupid and left.
The landowner thought, because the third person called him stupid. I thought, is it really because of him that now there is no bread or meat in the bazaar. And got scared. I began to think what it smells like and good, if only Cheboksary. The landowner is scared, but a secret thought flickers through him that maybe in Cheboksary he will meet a peasant.
And the mice at that time had already eaten his cards, the paths in the garden were overgrown with burdock, wild animals were howling in the park.
Once even a bear came to the house, looked out the window, licked his lips. The landowner began to cry, but he did not want to deviate from his principles.
And then autumn came, frost hit. And the landowner is so wild that he does not feel the cold. Overgrown with hair, his nails have become iron, he walks more and more on all fours. I even forgot how to pronounce articulate sounds. Just haven't got a tail yet. The landowner will go out into the park, climb a tree, watch for a hare, tear it apart and eat it with giblets.
And the landowner became very strong, so he even made friends with the bear. Only the landowner's bear calls him stupid.
And the police captain sent a report to the province and the provincial authorities were alarmed. He asks who will pay taxes, and engage in innocent activities. And the captain reports that innocent occupations have been abolished, and instead robbery and robbery are flourishing. Just the other day, some man-bear almost killed him himself. And the authorities decided to return the peasant, and to make a suggestion to the landowner so that he would stop his fanfare.
As if on purpose, a swarm of peasants flew past, and sat down on the town square. This swarm was immediately caught and sent to the county. And immediately flour and meat appeared in the bazaar, a lot of taxes arrived, and in the district there was a smell of peasant trousers.
The landowner was caught, washed and cut. They took away the newspaper "Vest" and put Senka in charge. He is alive to this day, plays solitaire, washes under compulsion, yearns for his life in the forests and bellows from time to time.

Drawings and illustrations for the fairy tale "The Wild Landowner"

In the work of Saltykov-Shchedrin, the theme of serfdom, the oppression of the peasantry, has always played an important role. Since the writer could not openly express his protest against the existing system, almost all of his works are filled with fairy tale motifs and allegories. The satirical tale "The Wild Landowner" was no exception, the analysis of which will help students in grade 9 better prepare for the literature lesson. A detailed analysis of the fairy tale will help to highlight the main idea of ​​the work, the features of the composition, and will also allow you to better understand what the author teaches in his work.

Brief analysis

Year of writing– 1869

History of creation- Not being able to openly ridicule the vices of autocracy, Saltykov-Shchedrin resorted to an allegorical literary form - a fairy tale.

Subject– In Saltykov-Shchedrin's work "The Wild Landowner" the theme of the position of serfs in the conditions of Tsarist Russia, the absurdity of the existence of a class of landowners who are unable and unwilling to work independently, is most fully disclosed.

Composition- The plot of the tale is based on a grotesque situation, behind which are hidden real relations between the classes of landowners and serfs. Despite the small size of the work, the composition was created according to the standard plan: the plot, the climax and the denouement.

Genre- A satirical tale.

Direction- Epos.

History of creation

Mikhail Evgrafovich was always extremely sensitive to the plight of the peasants, who were forced to be in lifelong bondage to the landowners. Many of the writer's works, in which this topic was openly touched upon, were criticized and were not allowed to be printed by censors.

However, Saltykov-Shchedrin nevertheless found a way out of this situation, turning his attention to the outwardly quite harmless genre of fairy tales. Thanks to a skillful combination of fantasy and reality, the use of traditional folklore elements, metaphors, and bright aphoristic language, the writer managed to disguise the evil and sharp ridicule of landowner vices under the guise of an ordinary fairy tale.

In an environment of governmental reaction, it was only thanks to fairy tale fiction that it was possible to express one's views on the existing state system. The use of satirical techniques in a folk tale allowed the writer to significantly expand the circle of his readers, to reach out to the masses.

At that time, the magazine was headed by a close friend and associate of the writer - Nikolai Nekrasov, and Saltykov-Shchedrin had no problems with the publication of the work.

Subject

Main theme The fairy tale "The Wild Landowner" lies in social inequality, a huge gap between the two classes that existed in Russia: landowners and serfs. The enslavement of the common people, the complex relationship between the exploiters and the exploited - main issue of this work.

In a fabulously allegorical form, Saltykov-Shchedrin wanted to convey to readers a simple idea- it is the peasant who is the salt of the earth, and without him the landowner is only an empty place. Few of the landowners think about this, and therefore the attitude towards the peasant is contemptuous, demanding and often frankly cruel. But it is only thanks to the peasant that the landlord gets the opportunity to enjoy all the benefits that he has in abundance.

In his work, Mikhail Evgrafovich concludes that it is the people who are the drinkers and breadwinners not only of their landlord, but of the entire state. The true bulwark of the state is not the class of helpless and lazy landowners, but the exceptionally simple Russian people.

It is this thought that haunts the writer: he sincerely complains that the peasants are too patient, dark and downtrodden, and do not fully realize all their strength. He criticizes the irresponsibility and patience of the Russian people, who do nothing to improve their situation.

Composition

The fairy tale "The Wild Landowner" is a small work, which in "Notes of the Fatherland" took only a few pages. It talks about a stupid master who endlessly pestered the peasants working for him because of the “slave smell”.

In the eyeballs of the work, the protagonist turned to God with a request to get rid of this dark and hated environment forever. When the landowner's prayers for deliverance from the peasants were heard, he was left completely alone in his large estate.

climax fairy tales fully reveal the helplessness of the master without the peasants, who in his life were the source of all blessings. When they disappeared, the once polished gentleman quickly turned into a wild animal: he stopped washing, taking care of himself, and eating normal human food. The life of the landowner turned into a boring, unremarkable existence, in which there was no place for joy and pleasure. This was the meaning of the name of the tale - the unwillingness to give up one's own principles inevitably leads to "savagery" - civil, intellectual, political.

In the denouement works, the landowner, completely impoverished and run wild, completely loses his mind.

main characters

Genre

From the first lines of The Wild Landowner, it becomes clear that this fairy tale genre. But not good-naturedly instructive, but caustically satirical, in which the author harshly ridiculed the main vices of the social system in tsarist Russia.

In his work, Saltykov-Shchedrin managed to preserve the spirit and general style of the people. He skillfully used such popular folklore elements as a fabulous beginning, fantasy, hyperbole. However, at the same time, he managed to tell about modern problems in society, to describe events in Russia.

Thanks to fantastic, fabulous techniques, the writer was able to reveal all the vices of society. The work in its direction is an epic, in which the real relations in society are shown grotesquely.

Artwork test

Analysis Rating

Average rating: 4.1. Total ratings received: 520.

The writing

A special place in the work of Saltykov-Shchedrin is occupied by fairy tales with their allegorical images, in which the author managed to say more about Russian society in the sixties-eighties of the nineteenth century than the historians of those years. Chernyshevsky argued: "None of the writers preceding Shchedrin painted pictures of our life in darker colors. No one punished our own ulcers with greater mercilessness."

Saltykov-Shchedrin writes "fairy tales" "for children of a fair age," that is, for an adult reader who needs to open his eyes to life. The tale, by the simplicity of its form, is accessible to anyone, even an inexperienced reader, and therefore is especially dangerous for the "tops". No wonder the censor Lebedev informed: “G. S.’s intention to publish some of his fairy tales in separate pamphlets is more than strange. What G. S. calls fairy tales does not at all correspond to its name; more or less directed against our social and political order."

The main problem of fairy tales is the relationship between the exploiters and the exploited. In fairy tales, a satire is given on tsarist Russia: on bureaucrats, on bureaucrats, on landowners. The reader is presented with images of the rulers of Russia ("The Bear in the Voivodeship", "The Eagle-Maecenas"), the exploiters and the exploited ("The Wild Landowner", "How One Man Feeded Two Generals"), the townsfolk ("The Wise Gudgeon", "The Dried Vobla" other).

The fairy tale "The Wild Landowner" is directed against the entire social system, based on exploitation, and anti-people in its essence. Keeping the spirit and style of the folk tale, the satirist speaks about the real events of his contemporary life. Although the action takes place in "a certain kingdom, a certain state," the pages of the tale depict a very specific image of a Russian landowner. The whole point of his existence is to "soak up his white, loose, crumbly body." He lives off

his muzhiks, but hates them, is afraid, cannot bear their "servant spirit". He considers himself a true representative of the Russian state, its support, he is proud that he is a hereditary Russian nobleman, Prince Urus-Kuchum-Kildibaev. He rejoices when, in some kind of chaff whirlwind, all the peasants were swept away to no one knows where, and the air became pure and pure in his domain. But the peasants disappeared, and such a famine set in that in the city "... one cannot buy a piece of meat or a pound of bread in the market." And the landowner himself became completely wild: “He was all overgrown with hair from head to toe ... and his legs became like iron. He stopped blowing his nose a long time ago, but he walked more and more on all fours. He even lost the ability to utter articulate sounds .. .". In order not to die of hunger when the last gingerbread was eaten, the Russian nobleman began to hunt: he would notice a hare - "like an arrow jumping off a tree, clinging to its prey, tearing it apart with its nails, yes, with all the insides, even with the skin, it will eat."

The savagery of the landowner testifies that without the help of the "muzhik" he cannot live. After all, it was not for nothing that as soon as the “swarm of peasants” was caught and put in place, “there was a smell of chaff and sheepskin in that district; flour and meat, and all kinds of living creatures appeared in the market, and so many taxes were received in one day that the treasurer, seeing such a pile of money , just threw up his hands in surprise ... "

If we compare the well-known folk tales about the gentleman and the peasant with the tales of Saltykov-Shchedrin, for example, with The Wild Landowner, we will see that the image of the landowner in Shchedrin's tales is very close to folk tales. But Shchedrin's peasants are different from the fabulous ones. In folk tales, a man is quick-witted, dexterous, resourceful, defeats a stupid master. And in "The Wild Landowner" a collective image of workers, breadwinners of the country and at the same time martyrs-sufferers appears, their "tearful orphan prayer" sounds: "Lord, it is easier for us to perish even with small children than to suffer like this all our lives!" So, modifying the folk tale, the writer condemns the long-suffering of the people, and his tales sound like a call to rise to the struggle, to renounce the slavish worldview.

Many fairy tales by Saltykov-Shchedrin are dedicated to exposing the philistine. One of the most poignant is the "Wise Gudgeon". Minnow was "moderate and liberal". Papa taught him the "wisdom of life": not to interfere in anything, to take care of yourself. Now he sits all his life in his hole and trembles, as if not to hit his ear or not be in the mouth of a pike. He lived like this for more than a hundred years and kept trembling, and when the time came to die, he trembled when he died. And it turned out that he did nothing good in his life, and no one remembers him and does not know.

The political orientation of Saltykov-Shchedrin's satire required new artistic forms. To get around the censorship obstacles, the satirist had to turn to allegories, allusions, to "Aesopian language". So, in the fairy tale "The Wild Landowner", telling about the events "in a certain kingdom, in a certain state", the author calls the newspaper "Vest", mentions the actor Sadovsky, and the reader immediately recognizes Russia in the middle of the 19th century. And in the "Wise Gudgeon" the image of a small, miserable fish, helpless and cowardly, is displayed. It characterizes the trembling layman in the best possible way. Shchedrin ascribes human properties to fish and at the same time shows that "fish" features can also be inherent in a person. The meaning of this allegory is revealed in the words of the author: "Those who think that only those minnows can be considered worthy citizens, who, mad with fear, sit in a hole and tremble, believe incorrectly. No, these are not citizens, but at least useless minnows " .

Saltykov-Shchedrin remained faithful to the ideas of his friends in spirit until the end of his life: Chernyshevsky, Dobrolyubov, Nekrasov. The significance of M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin's work is all the more great because in the years of the most difficult reaction, he almost alone continued the progressive ideological traditions of the sixties.

They walked with open heads, with long forelocks; they had beards
released. They walked not timidly, not sullenly, but with a kind of quiet pride;
their dresses of expensive cloth were worn out and dangled from them shabby
patchwork; they did not look or bow to the people. Ostap was ahead of everyone.
What did old Taras feel when he saw his Ostap? What happened
then in his heart? He looked at him from the crowd and did not utter a single
his movements. They have already approached the place of execution. Ostap stopped. Him
the first had to drink this heavy cup. He looked at his own, raised his hand
up and said loudly:
- Please, God, so that everyone, no matter what heretics stand here, will not hear,
the wicked, how the Christian is tormented! so that none of us say anything
one word!
After that, he approached the scaffold.
- Good, son, good! - Bulba said softly and pointed his
gray head.
The executioner pulled off his shabby rags; they tied his hands and feet in purposely
machine tools made, and... Let's not confuse readers with a picture of hellish torments, from
whose hair would stand on end. They were a product of the then
rude, ferocious age, when man still led the bloody life of some military
feats and tempered in her soul, not sensing humanity. In vain some
few, who were exceptions from the century, were opponents of these terrible
measures. In vain the king and many knights, enlightened in mind and soul,
imagined that such cruelty of punishment could only ignite vengeance
Cossack nation. But the power of the king and smart opinions was nothing before confusion
and by the bold will of the state magnates, who, by their thoughtlessness,
incomprehensible lack of any foresight, childish pride and
with insignificant pride they turned the Diet into a satire of the government. Ostap endured
torment and torture, like a giant. No scream, no moan was heard even then,
when they began to interrupt the bones on his arms and legs, when their terrible grunt
was heard among the dead crowd by distant spectators, when ladies
turned away their eyes, nothing like a groan escaped from his mouth,
his face trembled. Taras stood in the crowd with bowed head and at the same time
proudly raising his eyes, and only saying approvingly: "Good, son, good!"
But when they brought him to the last mortal torment, it seemed as if
his strength began to flow. And he led his eyes around him: God, everything
unknown, all alien faces! At least one of the relatives was present at
his death! He would not like to hear the weeping and lamentations of a weak mother or
the insane screams of the wife tearing out her hair and beating her white breasts;
now he would like to see a firm husband who would refresh with a reasonable word
and consoled him at his death. And he fell with strength and exclaimed in spiritual weakness:
- Father! where are you! Do you hear?
- I hear! - resounded amidst the general silence, and all the million people in
shuddered for a while.
Part of the military horsemen rushed to carefully examine the crowds of people.
Yankel turned as pale as death, and when the riders moved a little away from him, he
fearfully turned back to look at Taras; but Taras is already near
he was not there: he was gone.

Main idea

The tale of M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin “The Wild Landowner” is a caustic satire on the ruling class. All the action described in it takes place as if within the framework of one estate, but in fact, it extends far beyond the boundaries of the whole province. The author took up writing such “fairy tales” in his final period of creativity.

In them, he confidently raised topics of concern to society in the second half of the 19th century.

The main problem of all his “fairy tales” is the relationship between the exploited and the exploiters.

So the story of the "Wild Landowner" was intended to ridicule the social system based on the exploitation of the peasants. The author begins his work as an ordinary fairy tale with the words: “In a certain kingdom, in a certain state, once upon a time…” This method of using traditional fairy tale terms is manifested in almost all of his fairy tales.

From the first lines it becomes clear that we are talking about a stupid and lazy person. The landowner Saltykov-Shchedrin was so ungrateful that he regarded the work of his peasants as something philistine. It seemed to him that the “muzhiks” were nothing but worries.

They eat a lot, spend a lot of water, burn a lot of candles, litter the land. In a word, the main character was completely dissatisfied with the “spirit of chaff”.

As soon as he got rid of them, it became easier for him to breathe and live freely.

But here's the bad luck: without the peasants and the economy was gone. There was no one to take care of the fertile lands, cattle and garden. He himself also gradually degraded, eating only candy and gingerbread.

He stopped washing, combing, began to grow hair, walk on all fours, and finally became wild. According to the author, it was thanks to the people that landowners like him had moral and material benefits. With the disappearance of the people, he lost these benefits.

It is not for nothing that the author came up with such a name for his "landowner" - Prince Urus-Kuchum-Kildibaev. This is a true nobleman who is proud of his roots and hates ordinary men. Without the “servant spirit”, the air seems to him pure, pure.

However, with the disappearance of the peasants, the food on the market also disappears, and therefore he has to go hunting in the forest himself. The landowner is not accustomed to such work. All his life he did nothing but lie on his estate and lay out grand solitaire.

In fact, describing all these details, Saltykov-Shchedrin gradually reveals the main goal of his fairy tale. He condemns not only the landowner for an idle way of life, but also the patience of the peasants, their slavish worldview. By returning the “muzhiks” to their homes, the author expresses faith in the triumph of freedom.

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