Russia from the head of the feast for the whole world. ON THE

The story of the "branded" convict, murderer and "hero of the Holy Russian" Savely naturally continues the chapter "Feast for the whole world", originally titled “Who is the sinner of all. - Who are all saints. - The legend of serfdom. The analysis of the chapter "A Feast for the Whole World" is of particular difficulty, and it is connected with the absence of a canonical text. Prepared for the December issue of Notes of the Fatherland and banned by censorship, the chapter was thoroughly redone by Nekrasov for the next issue of the journal, but was not published during the writer's lifetime. In an effort to restore the text that suffered from the censor's scissors or corrected by the poet himself, who obeyed the will of the censor, the publishers of the poem included lines from different editions - a draft manuscript, a text prepared for typesetting and prohibited, as well as a text altered by the author after the censor's ban. And this connection of lines from different editions, of course, changes the meaning of the images and the pathos of the chapter.

The author himself pointed to the plot connection of "Feast" with "Last Child". The central event of the chapter is the "feast for the whole world", arranged by the Vakhlaks after the death of Prince Utyatin. Not knowing what they received as a reward for their "gum" not meadows, but litigation with the heirs, they rejoice in a new life. “Without corvée... without tribute... / Without a stick... is it true, Lord?” - these thoughts of Vlas convey the general mood of the Vakhlaks:

Everyone in the chest
A new feeling played
Like she took them out
mighty wave
From the bottom of the bottomless abyss
To the world where the endless
They have a feast!

The word “feast” in the chapter has several meanings: it is a “commemoration for the roofs”, a holiday that was arranged by the Vakhlak peasants when they learned that the old prince had died. This is, by definition, N.N. Skatov, "a spiritual feast, the awakening of the peasants to a new life." "Feast" is also a metaphor for the "Vakhlat" understanding of life as an eternal holiday - one of the peasant illusions that life itself will very soon break. "Feast", according to popular beliefs, is a symbol happy life: it is with a “feast” that many Russian fairy tales end. But, unlike fairy tales, the "feast" of the Vakhlaks in Nekrasov's poem does not mean the end of trials. It is no coincidence that from the very beginning of the chapter the author warns that the peasants will soon face a long litigation because of the meadows.

LEGENDS ABOUT serfdom and their role in the narrative

The chapter is composed of the conversations and disputes of the peasants, the legends they tell, the songs they sing. Remembering the past, various "opportunities" and legends about serfdom, songs born by tragic life, Vahlaks in one night, as it were, relive the long centuries of slavery. But the author's task is not only to show how keenly the peasants remember everything they experienced, how deeply slavery affected their souls. Listening to stories about the past, Vakhlaks gradually change themselves: sympathy or painful silence after the next story more and more often turns into an argument. For the first time, the peasants ask themselves the question: on whose conscience is the great sin - people's slavery. “The Russian people are gathering strength / And learning to be a citizen” - these words from Grisha Dobrosklonov’s song very accurately convey what is happening before the eyes of the reader, the passionate search for truth by the Vahlaks, hard work souls.

We note the following feature of the narrative: the author describes in detail each narrator, gives a clear idea of ​​both his character and his fate. He is just as attentive to the reaction of the peasants to the story. Taking each story to heart, empathizing with the heroes or condemning them, the men express their innermost thoughts. The combination of three points of view: the author's, the narrator's and the listeners' makes it possible to understand Nekrasov's task: he seeks not only to reveal to the reader the popular opinion about the most important issues of life: what is sin and what is holiness, but also to show that this opinion can change, become more complicated, approach the true essence of phenomena.

The movement of listeners to the truth is clearly visible from their attitude to the story "About the faithful Jacob - an exemplary serf." It is known that Nekrasov did not agree with the censor's demand to exclude her from the chapter, even under the threat of arrest of the magazine's book, where the chapter "A Feast for the Whole World" was placed. "<...>Throw out the story about Jacob<...>I can’t - the poem will lose its meaning, ”he argued in one of his letters. The story of Yakov, an “opportunity” that “doesn’t have anything more wonderful,” is told by the former courtyard of Baron Sineguzin (that’s what the Vahlaks of Tizenhausen call it). He himself suffered a lot from the eccentricities of the mistress, the courtyard, “jumped into arable farming from the back”, “martyr ran up”, i.e. a man who came to Vakhlachin and suffered a lot in his life, it is he who tells the story of lackey Yakov. The narrator characterizes master Yakov as "a man of low birth" who bought the estate for bribes. He is stingy and cruel - not only in relation to serfs, but also to relatives. Yakov got the most from him, but

People of the servile rank -
real dogs sometimes:
The more severe the punishment
So dear to them, gentlemen.

The limit to Jacob's patience came only when the master sent his beloved nephew to the soldiers. The servant took revenge on the master: he brought him to the Devil's ravine and hanged himself in front of his eyes. The death of a faithful servant, a night spent by a helpless master in a ravine, made him realize for the first time the sinfulness of his life:

The master returned home, wailing:
"I'm a sinner, a sinner! Execute me!"

The last words of the “opportunity” undoubtedly express the opinion of the former courtyard: “You, master, will be an exemplary servant, / Jacob the faithful / Remember until the day of judgment!” But for the author, the essence of this story is not only to show the ingratitude of the masters, driving faithful servants to suicide, i.e. recall the "great master's sin." There is another meaning in this story: Nekrasov again writes about the unlimited patience of the "serfs", whose affection cannot be justified by the moral qualities of their master. It is interesting that, after listening to this story, some men feel sorry for both Yakov and the master ("What an execution he took!"), Others - only Yakov. "Great noble sin!" - the sedate Vlas will say, agreeing with the narrator. But at the same time, this story changed the way the men thought: new topic entered their conversation, a new question now occupies them: who is the sinner of all. The dispute will make the story about Jacob rethink: returning to this story later, the listeners will not only feel sorry for Jacob, but also condemn him, they will talk not only about the “great noble sin”, but also about the sin of “Jacob the unfortunate”. And then, not without the help of Grisha Dobrosklonov, they will also point out the true culprit: “strengthen with all the wine”:

The snake will give birth to kites,
And fasten - the sins of the landowner,
The sin of Jacob the unfortunate<...>
No support - no landowner,
To the loop leading
diligent slave,
No support - no yard,
Suicide avenging
To your villain!

But in order to come to this idea, to accept it, the Vahlaks had to listen to other, no less sad stories about serfdom, understand them, realize the deep meaning of the legends. Characteristically, the story of a faithful serf and an ungrateful master is followed by a story about two great sinners - the robber Kudeyar and Pan Glukhovsky. She has two narrators. The pilgrim-wanderer Ionushka Lyapushkin heard it from the Solovki monk Father Pitirim. Thanks to such storytellers, the legend is perceived as a parable - that is what Nekrasov himself called it. This is not just an "opportunity", which "there is no more wonderful", but a story filled with deep wisdom, which has a universal meaning.

Two destinies are contrasted and compared in this legend-parable: the fate of the robber Kudeyar and Pan Glukhovsky. Both of them are great sinners, both are murderers. Kudeyar - "villain", "animal-man", who killed many innocent people - "you can't count a whole army." “A lot of cruel, terrible” is also known about Pan Glukhovsky: he kills his serfs, not considering it a sin. Researchers rightly point out that the pan's surname is symbolic: he is "deaf to the suffering of the people." The lawless robber and the rightful owner of serf souls are equalized in their atrocities. But a miracle happens to Kudeyar: “suddenly, the Lord awakened the conscience of a fierce robber.” For a long time Kudeyar struggled with pangs of conscience, and yet "the conscience of the villain mastered." However, no matter how hard he tried, he could not atone for his guilt. And then he had a vision: to cut off with that knife, "that he robbed", an age-old oak: "The tree will just collapse, / The chains of sin will fall." Long years pass in hard work: but the oak collapsed only when the monk kills Pan Glukhovsky, who boasts that he “does not look forward to” salvation, does not feel the pangs of conscience.

How to understand the meaning of this legend? Researchers see here a call for a peasant revolution, "for reprisal against the oppressors": the chains of sin will fall from the peasants when they put an end to their tormentors. But Glukhovsky is not just an "oppressor", and it is not a serf, not a peasant who kills him (Nekrasov, by the way, removed all references to Kudeyar's peasant past from the text), but a monk. Glukhovsky is a great sinner not only because he “destroys, tortures, tortures and hangs serfs”, but also because he does not recognize the mockery of serfs and even the murder of peasants as a sin, he is deprived of the pangs of conscience, “does not long for” salvation, i.e. e. does not believe in God and God's judgment - and this is truly a mortal, great sin. The monk who atoned for sins by killing an unrepentant sinner appears in the parable as an instrument of God's wrath. One of the researchers accurately noted that the monk at the time of the murder is “a passive figure, he is controlled by other forces, which is emphasized by “passive” verbs: “became”, “felt”. But the main thing is that his desire to raise a knife on Glukhovsky is called a “miracle”, which directly indicates divine intervention.

The idea of ​​the inevitability of the highest, God's judgment on unrepentant criminals, with whom the landowners who did not admit their sin, who killed or tortured the serfs legally belonging to them, are equalized, was also affirmed by the final words of the parable: “Glory to the omnipresent Creator / Today and forever and ever!” Nekrasov was forced to change these final words after the chapter was banned by the censor. New ending: “Let us pray to the Lord God: / Have mercy on us, dark slaves!” - sounds less strong - this is a call to the mercy of God, the expectation of mercy, and not a steady faith in a speedy judgment, although the thought of God as the highest judge remains. The poet “goes to deliberately violate the church norm for the sake of, as it seems to him, the restoration of the “Christian” norm and Christian truth, which does not differ from human truth. This is how murder is justified in the legend, to which the significance of a Christian feat is attached.

The story of two great sinners is included in the Wanderers and Pilgrims section. As the researchers noted, Nekrasov gave special meaning this section: there are five variants of it. The section itself opens up another side of the grandiose picture created by Nekrasov folk life. The Russian people are truly many-sided and contradictory, the soul of the Russian people is complex, dark, often incomprehensible: it is easy to deceive it, easy to pity. Entire villages went to "begging in the autumn." But the poor people gave to the false sufferers: “In the people’s conscience / The decision stared, / That there is more misfortune here than lies<...>". Talking about wanderers and pilgrims wandering along the roads of Russia, the author also reveals the "front side" of this phenomenon: among the wanderers one can meet those who are "all saints" - ascetics and helpers to the people. They also remind of the true purpose of a person - "to live like a god." What is "holiness" in the understanding of the people? This is the life of Fomushka:

Board and stone in the head,
And food is bread.

“In a divine way” also lives the “old believer of the Kropilnikovs”, the “obstinate prophet”, the old man, “whose whole life / Either his will, or a jail.” Living according to the laws of God, he “reproaches the laity with godlessness”, “calls to the dense forests to be saved” and does not back down before the authorities, preaching God's truth. The townsman's widow Efrosinyushka also appears as a true saint:

As God's messenger
The old lady appears
In cholera years;
Buries, heals, messes around
With the sick. Almost praying
Peasant women on her...

The attitude of the peasants to the wanderers, to their stories, reveals not only the pity of the Russian people, his understanding of holiness as life "in a divine way", but also the responsiveness of the Russian soul to the heroic, holy, sublime, the need of the Russian people in stories about great deeds. The author describes only the perception by the peasants of one story: the heroic death of Athos monks who took part in the uprising of the Greeks against the Turks. Telling how shocked all members of a large peasant family - from young to old - by this heroic tragedy, the author says the words about the soul of the people - good soil, waiting only for the sower, about the "broad path" of the Russian people:

Who has seen how he listens
Of their passing wanderers
peasant family,
Understand that no work
Not eternal care
Nor the yoke of long slavery,
Not a tavern by ourselves
More Russian people
No limits set:
Before him is a wide path.

The story of peasant sin, told by Ignaty Prokhorov, also fell on this "good ground". Ignatius Prokhorov was already familiar to readers: he was first mentioned in the chapter "Last Child". Former Vakhlak, who became a "rich Petersburger", he did not take part in the "stupid gum". A peasant by birth, he knows firsthand about all the hardships of the peasant's lot, and at the same time looks at peasant life from the outside: much, after life in St. Petersburg, is more visible and understandable to him. It is no coincidence that this former peasant and entrusted with the story of peasant sin - the right to judge the peasant himself. The story of the headman Gleb, who burned the will, according to which eight thousand souls received their will, is compared by the narrator with the betrayal of Judas: he betrayed the most precious, most sacred - freedom.

This story crowns the tales of the past. The author pays special attention to the perception of this story: several times Ignatius tried to start this story, but the very idea that a peasant could be the biggest sinner caused protests from the Vakhlaks, especially Klim Lavin. Ignatius was not allowed to tell his story. But disputes about “who is the sinner of all”, heard legends about serfdom prepared the souls of the Vakhlaks for the story of peasant sin. After listening to Ignatius, the crowd of peasants responds not with silence, as with the story of two great sinners, not with sympathy, as with the story of Yakov. When Ignatius Prokhorov ends the story with the words:

God forgives everything, but Judas sin
Doesn't forgive.
Oh man! man! you are the worst of all
And for that you always toil! -

a crowd of peasants “jumped to their feet, / A sigh passed, and they heard: / So here it is, the sin of a peasant! And indeed a terrible sin!” / And indeed: we always toil<...>". The Vakhlaks were also deeply impressed by the story, and these words of Ignatius Prokhorov, because each of the listeners begins to think about his guilt, about himself, about his participation in the “stupid comedy”, uses these words. As if by magic, the expressions on the faces of the peasants, their behavior change:

The poor fell again
To the bottom of a bottomless abyss
Shut up, snuggle up<...>

Of course, it is important to answer the question: does the author agree with the opinion of his hero? It is interesting that not only the cunning and greedy Klim Lavin, but also Grisha Dobrosklonov acts as an opponent of Ignatius. The main thing that he instills in the Vakhlaks is “that they are not the defendants / For the accursed Gleb, / Strengthen everything with wine!” This idea is undoubtedly close to Nekrasov, who showed how “strong the habit” is to slavery over the peasant, how slavery breaks human soul. But it is no coincidence that the author makes this story the final among the legends about serfdom: recognizing oneself not only as a victim, but also responsible for “slander”, to use Nekrasov’s word, leads to purification, to awakening, to a new life. The motive of a clear conscience - recognized responsibility for the past and present, repentance - is one of the most important in the poem. In the final song for the head, "Rus", it is precisely the "calm conscience" along with the "tenacious truth" that is recognized as a source of "people's strength", "mighty strength". It is important to note that in the works of the Russian righteous, which the seminarian Grisha Dobrosklonov was supposed to know, the condition for “returning bliss” to the life of mankind was considered “contrition in the hearts of human lives contrary to God, and the planting of a new, holy and God-pleasing life. The pure conscience of the people, their heart of gold, "tenacious truth", causing readiness for sacrifice, are affirmed as a source of strength for the people, and hence their happy future.

Poem by N.A. Nekrasov “Who should live well in Russia” shows pre-reform and post-reform Russia. The main idea of ​​the poem is the inevitability of the peasant revolution, which will become possible on the basis of the growth of the revolutionary consciousness of the people, led by the democratic intelligentsia. The compositional structure is designed to emphasize the main idea of ​​the work.

It is the last chapter, "A Feast for the Whole World" that has great importance in disclosure ideological content poems. In it, the author gives a solution to the questions posed earlier. Nekrasov turned "A Feast for the Whole World" into a kind of revolutionary proclamation.

“A feast for the whole world” is a traditional expression for a fairy tale, meaning a wide and spacious fun. The feast is evident in this part of the poem, but what caused it? It was caused by gaining freedom on the occasion of liberation from Prince Utyatin, which significantly changed the lives of the workers. It is this chapter that explains that, remembering their past, the Vakhlaks realized that the main thing in the life of the people is to gain freedom, to get rid of the “support”.

Describing the Vakhlat mass, the poet first of all speaks not about its past, not about relations with the clergy, he again returns to the dispute about rented meadows, in which the desire of the workers to take their position in life is manifested.

The peasants decided to sell the rented meadows in order to pay off the tax. Vlas meets again (formerly a steward). This image is important as a bearer of another type of peasant consciousness associated with communal ideals.

At the same time, Vlas is afraid to believe that a peasant can be free and control his own destiny. Ho Vlas was transformed by the dream of possible freedom and independence.

Nekrasov emphasizes the importance of changing the content of songs - abandoning old ones and mastering new ones. The author built a comparison that gives an idea of ​​the spiritual uplift of the peasants who felt freedom. For example:

Everyone in the chest

A new feeling played
Like she took them out

mighty wave
From the bottom of the bottomless abyss
To the world where the endless
A feast is prepared for them.

Such peasants cannot be called slaves. “A slave who is aware of his slavish position and fights against him is a revolutionary,” wrote V.I. Lenin.

The author will make his many-sided hero experience a kind of farewell to the recent past. This hero still does not understand much, but he understood one thing: he considers himself responsible for his life, which began after "calculation with the master". Such was Vlas - a typical representative of this people. He is "...learning to be a citizen".

The author has also changed. His voice sounds more clear, he directly, strongly and distinctly introduces the author's direct statements. While working on the chapter “A Feast for the Whole World”, Nekrasov used folk poetry to make the poem accessible to the people and, with its help, influence the people in a revolutionary democratic spirit. Many songs, legends and parables are introduced into the chapter.

It is no coincidence that before "Merry" sounds, the author talks about its popularity. It mobilizes the reader's attention.

Slowly as the cloud moves in
The words flowed viscous.

In the last chapter, Nekrasov emphasizes the awakening of the consciousness of the peasantry. In this chapter, we clearly see how the author deepens the theme of the people. After all, the men-truth-seekers went to look for a happy man, and along the way, how many questions arose (what is happiness, heroism, how does the consciousness of peasants awaken, what is sin ...).

Here we have an exemplary serf, faithful Jacob. Offended by the cruel landowner Polivanov, he takes revenge on him by committing suicide in front of his eyes. Slave death! Instead of killing the cruel landowner, taking revenge on him, he dies himself.

As if emphasizing the absurdity of such senseless revenge, Nekrasov, following the story “About the exemplary serf - Jacob the faithful”, gives the parable “About two great sinners”. This parable is one of the sharpest politically. The hero of the Nekrasov legend - the robber Kudeyar - is a penitent sinner. He received forgiveness only by killing the oppressor. The point here is not in the external form. The artist poetizes the new "holiness". The story of Kudeyar elevates the murder of a nobleman (Pan Glukhovsky) to a religious feat, for which God himself forgives even the robber all his sins.

The inserted legends “About two great sinners” and “About an exemplary serf - Jacob the faithful”, given in order of opposition, lead to a certain conclusion: the path to a happy life for the peasantry lies through the revolution, through the overthrow of the power of the landowners and the tsar.

Grisha Dobrosklonov - a revolutionary propagandist - is a kind of link between the present and the future. His songs are dedicated to this, such as: “In a moment of despondency, oh motherland ...” and “Rus”. In these songs, the leading idea is the growth of peasant self-consciousness. Sincerity, ardent hatred for the oppressors of the people, calls for struggle are heard in every song of Gregory.

Enough! Finished with the last calculation,
Done with sir!
The Russian people gather with strength
And learn to be a citizen.

Grigory Dobrosklonov is a revolutionary who deliberately took to the open struggle. He loves his people. In its name, he embarked on the path of revolutionary struggle.

... Fate prepared for him

The path is the main one, the name is loud

people's protector,
Consumption and Siberia!

A new man, he refuses to be happy for himself. The concepts of "freedom", "homeland", "happiness" are merged into one with the speeches of Gregory. He feels happy from the consciousness of the correctness of the chosen path. Grisha's happiness lies in serving the people, and his happiness is inseparable from the people's. He says:

I don't need any silver
No gold, but God forbid
So that my countrymen
And every peasant
Lived freely and cheerfully
In all holy Russia!

Here is the solution to the problem of happiness. Nekrasov shows that not only in the mind, but also in the feelings of his hero, love for his mother, his native Vakhlachin, his native people are inextricably linked.

In Nekrasov's poem "Who Lives Well in Russia", the prospect of the victory of the bright principles of goodness and justice over the dark forces of evil and oppression opens up, and faith in the triumph of people's happiness sounds. The last chapter of the poem "A Feast for the Whole World" reveals these perspectives. This determined its leading role in the poem.

Nekrasov's poem "Who Lives Well in Russia" was created over more than ten years. It so happened that the last, fourth, was the chapter "A Feast for the Whole World." In the finale, it acquires a certain completeness - it is known that the author failed to realize the plan in full. This was manifested in the fact that the author indirectly names the happiest person in Russia. This is Grisha, who decided to devote his life to serving the people and his native country.

Introduction

In the chapter "A Feast for the Whole World" the action takes place on the banks of the Volga River, on the outskirts of the village of Vakhlachina. The most important events always took place here: both holidays and reprisals against the guilty. The great feast was organized by Klim, already familiar to the reader. Next to the Vakhlaks, among whom were the elder Vlas, the parish deacon Tryphon and his sons: the nineteen-year-old Savvushka and Grigory, with a thin, pale face and thin, curly hair, sat down and the seven main characters of the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia." People who were waiting for the ferry also stopped here, beggars, among whom were a wanderer and a quiet praying mantis.

Local peasants gathered under the old willow not by chance. Nekrasov connects the chapter “A Feast for the Last World” with the plot of “Last Child”, which reports the death of the prince. The Vahlaks began to decide what to do with the meadows that they now hoped to get. Not often, but still it happened that blessed corners of the earth with meadows or woods fell to the peasants. Their owners felt independent of the headman who collected taxes. So the Vahlaks wanted to surrender the meadows to Vlas. Klim proclaimed that this would be more than enough to pay both taxes and dues, which means that it would be possible to feel free. This is the beginning of the chapter and its summary. “A feast for the whole world” Nekrasov continues with Vlas's response speech and his characterization.

Good soul man

That was the name of the headman of the Vakhlaks. He was distinguished by justice and tried to help the peasants, to protect them from the cruelties of the landowner. In his youth, Vlas kept hoping for the best, but any change brought only promises or trouble. From this, the headman became unbelieving and gloomy. And then all of a sudden the general merriment seized him. He could not believe that now, indeed, life would come without taxes, sticks and corvee. The author compares the kind smile of Vlas with a sunbeam that made everything around golden. And a new, previously unexplored feeling seized every man. To celebrate, they put another bucket, and the songs began. One of them, “funny”, was performed by Grisha - its summary will be given below.

"A Feast for the Whole World" includes several songs about the hard peasant life.

About the bitter lot

At the request of the audience, the seminarians remembered the folk song. It tells about how defenseless the people are in front of those on whom they depend. So the landowner stole the cow from the peasant, the judge took away the chickens. The fate of children is unenviable: the girls are waiting for the servants, and the boys - a long service. Against the background of these stories, the repeated refrain sounds bitterly: “It is glorious for the people to live in holy Russia!”.

Then the Vakhlaks sang their native song - about corvee. The same sad: the people's soul has not yet come up with merry ones.

"Corvee": a summary

“A Feast for the Whole World” tells about how the Vakhlaks and their neighbors live. The first story is about Kalinushka, whose back is "decorated" with scars - often and severely flogged - and his stomach is swollen from the chaff. Out of hopelessness, he goes to a tavern and drowns out his grief with wine - this will come back to haunt his wife on Saturday.

The following is a story about how the inhabitants of Vahlachin had suffered under the landowner. During the day they worked like hard labor, and at night they waited for the messengers sent for the girls. From shame, they stopped looking into each other's eyes and could not exchange a word.

A neighboring peasant reported how a landowner in their volost decided to flog everyone who strong word will say. Namalyalis - after all, without him, the peasant does not. But having received freedom, they abused plenty ...

The chapter "A Feast for the Whole World" continues with a story about a new hero - Vikenty Alexandrovich. At first he served under the baron, then moved to the plowmen. He told his story.

About the faithful serf Jacob

Polivanov bought a village for bribes and lived there for 33 years. He became famous for his cruelty: having given his daughter in marriage, he immediately whipped the young and drove him away. He did not associate with other landowners, he was greedy, he drank a lot. Kholopa Yakov, who faithfully served him from an early age, would beat his teeth with his heel for nothing, and that gentleman in every possible way cherished and appeased. So both lived to old age. Polivanov's legs began to hurt, and no treatment helped. They had entertainment left: playing cards and visiting the landowner's sister. Yakov himself endured the master and took him to visit. For the time being, everything went peacefully. Yes, as soon as the servant's nephew Grisha grew up and wanted to get married. Hearing that the bride was Arisha, Polivanov became angry: he laid eyes on her himself. And he gave the groom to the recruits. Yakov was very offended and started to drink. And the master felt embarrassed without a faithful servant, whom he called his brother. This is the first part of the story and its summary.

“A Feast for the Whole World” Nekrasov continues with a story about how Jacob decided to avenge his nephew. After a while he returned to the master, repented and began to serve further. It just got gloomy. Somehow the master's serf took him to visit his sister. On the way, he suddenly turned to a ravine, where there was a forest slum, and stopped under pine trees. When he began to unharness the horses, the frightened landowner begged. But Yakov only laughed evilly and replied that he would not dirty his hands with murder. He fixed the reins on a tall pine tree and his head in a noose ... The master screams, rushes about, but no one hears him. And the serf hangs over his head, sways. Only the next morning did a hunter see Polivanov and take him home. The punished gentleman only lamented: “I am a sinner! Execute me!

Controversy about sinners

The narrator fell silent, and the men argued. Some felt sorry for Yakov, others for the master. And they began to decide who is the most sinful of all: tavern owners, landowners, peasants? The merchant Eremin named the robbers, which caused indignation in Klim. Their argument soon turned into a fight. The praying mantis Ionushka, who until then had been sitting quietly, decided to reconcile the merchant and the peasant. He told his story, which will continue the summary of the chapter "A Feast for the Whole World."

About wanderers and pilgrims

Ionushka began by saying that there are many homeless people in Russia. Sometimes, entire villages are begging. Such people do not plow and do not reap, but the settled peasants are called the hump of the granary. Of course, among them come across the wicked, such as a wanderer-thief or pilgrims who approached the mistress by deceit. The old man is also known, who undertook to teach the girls to sing, but only spoiled them all. But more often wanderers are kind-hearted people, like Fomushka, who lives like a god, is girded with chains and eats only bread.

Ionushka also told about Kropilnikov, who came to Usolovo, accused the villagers of godlessness and urged them to go into the forest. They asked the Stranger to submit, then they took him to prison, and he kept saying that grief and even more difficult life awaited everyone ahead. The frightened residents were baptized, and in the morning soldiers came to the neighboring village, from whom the Usolovets also got it. So the prophecy of Kropilnikov came true.

In "A Feast for the Whole World" Nekrasov also includes a description of a peasant's hut in which a passing wanderer stopped. The whole family is busy with work and listens to measured speech. At some point, the old man drops the bast shoes that he was repairing, and the girl does not notice that she pricked her finger. Even the children freeze and listen with their heads hanging from the bedspreads. So the Russian soul has not yet been explored, it is waiting for a sower who will show the right path.

About two sinners

And then Ionushka told about the robber and the pan. He heard this story in Solovki from Father Pitirim.

12 robbers led by Kudeyar were outraged. Many were robbed and killed. But somehow the conscience woke up in the ataman, he began to see the shadows of the dead. Then Kudeyar spotted the captain, beheaded his mistress, dismissed the gang, buried the knife under an oak tree, and distributed the stolen wealth. And he began to forgive sins. He traveled a lot and repented, and after returning home, he settled under an oak tree. God took pity on him and proclaimed: he will receive forgiveness as soon as he cuts down a mighty tree with his knife. For several years the hermit cut an oak three times wide. And somehow a rich pan drove up to him. Glukhovsky chuckled and said that one should live according to his principles. And he added that he respects only women, loves wine, ruined many slaves, and sleeps peacefully. Anger seized Kudeyar, and he plunged his knife into the chest of the pan. At the same moment, a mighty oak collapsed. Thus, the poem "To whom it is good to live in Russia" shows how the former robber receives forgiveness after the punishment of evil.

About peasant sin

We listened to Ionushka and thought about it. And Ignatius again noted that the most serious sin is the peasant one. Klim was indignant, but then nevertheless said: "Tell me." Here is the story the men heard.

One admiral received eight thousand souls for his faithful service from the empress. And before his death, he handed over to the headman a casket, in which was his last wish: to release all the serfs into freedom. But a distant relative arrived, who, after the funeral, called the headman to him. Having learned about the casket, he promised Gleb freedom and gold. The greedy headman burned the will and doomed all eight thousand souls to eternal bondage.

Vahlaks made a noise: "It is indeed a great sin." And their whole past and future hard life appeared before them. Then they calmed down and suddenly started singing “Hungry” in unison. We offer its brief content ("A Feast for the Whole World" by Nekrasov, it seems, fills with centuries of suffering of the people). A tortured peasant goes to a strip of rye and calls on her: “Rise up, mother, eat a mountain of carpet, I won’t give it to anyone.” As if in their guts, the Vakhlaks sang a song to the hungry and went to the bucket. And Grisha suddenly noticed that the cause of all sins is strength. Klim immediately exclaimed: “Down with the “Hungry”. And they began to talk about the support, praising Grisha.

"Soldier's"

It began to get light. Ignatius found a sleeping man near the logs and called Vlas. The rest of the men approached, and seeing the man lying on the ground, they began to beat him. To the question of the wanderers, for what, they answered: “We don’t know. But this is how it is punished from Tiskov. So it turns out - since the whole world is ordered, then there is guilt behind him. Here the hostesses brought out cheesecakes and goose, and everyone pounced on the food. The Vakhlaks were amused by the news that someone was coming.

Ovsyannikov, familiar to everyone, was on the cart - a soldier who earned money by playing on spoons. They asked him to sing. And again, a bitter story poured out about how the former warrior tried to achieve a well-deserved pension. However, all the wounds he received were measured in inches and rejected: second-rate. Klim sang along to the old man, and the people collected a ruble for a penny and a penny.

The end of the feast

Only in the morning the Vakhlaks began to disperse. They took home their father and Savvushka with Grisha. They walked and sang that the happiness of the people lies in freedom. Further, the author introduces a story about the life of Tryphon. He did not keep farms, they ate what others would share. The wife was caring, but died early. The sons studied at the seminary. This is its summary.

Nekrasov concludes "A Feast for the Whole World" with Grisha's song. Having brought the parent to the house, he went to the fields. He remembered in solitude the songs that his mother sang, especially "Salty". And not by accident. You could ask the Vakhlaks for bread, but you only bought salt. Forever sunk into the soul and study: the housekeeper underfed the seminarians, taking everything for himself. Knowing well the difficult peasant life, Grisha already at the age of fifteen decided to fight for the happiness of the miserable, but dear Vakhlachina. And now, under the influence of what he had heard, he thought about the fate of the people, and his thoughts poured into songs about the imminent reprisal against the landowner, about the difficult fate of a barge hauler (he saw three loaded barges on the Volga), about wretched and plentiful, mighty and powerless Russia, the salvation of which he saw in the strength of the people. A spark ignites, and a great army rises, containing indestructible power.

At the end of the village of Valakhchina,
Where the resident is a plowman from time immemorial
And partly - tar,
Under the old, old willow,
A modest witness
All the life of Vahlaks,
Where the holidays are celebrated
Where gatherings are held
Where they flog during the day, and in the evening
Kiss, have mercy, -
There was a feast, a great feast!
To wield in St. Petersburg
Accustomed to everything,
Our friend Klim Yakovlich,
Seen noble
Feasts with speeches, speeches,
The entertainer of the feast was.
On the logs lying here,
On a log house built up
The men sat down;
Here, too, our wanderers
We sat with Vlas the elder
(They care about everything).
As soon as you decide to drink,
Vlas to a young son
He shouted: “Run after Tryphon!”
With the parish sexton Tryphon,
Reveler, godfather of the elder,
His sons came
Seminarians: Savvushka
And Grisha; was the eldest
Wow nineteen years old;
Now a protodeacon
I looked, and at Gregory
Face thin, pale
And the hair is thin, curly,
With a hint of red.
Simple guys, kind,
Mowed, reaped, sowed
And drank vodka on holidays
equal to the peasantry.

Right next to the village
The Volga was going, and beyond the Volga
There was a small town
(To be more precise, cities
At that time there was no shadow
And there were bunts:
The fire destroyed the Third Days).
So people passing by
Vakhlak friends,
Here they also became
The ferry is waiting
They fed the horses.
The beggars wandered here,
And the chatterer-wanderer,
And a quiet praying mantis.

On the day of the death of the old prince
The peasants did not foresee
What are not floodplain meadows,
And they will make a litigation.
And after drinking a glass,
First of all, they argued:
How should they be with the meadows?
Not all of you, Russia, is measured
Zemlitsej: come across
blessed corners,
Where did it go well.
Some random -
The ignorance of the landowner,
living far away
Broker's mistake
And more often twists
Peasant leaders -
In the allotment of the peasants occasionally
There was also a fishing line.
There is a proud man, try it
Knock on the window the headman
For a tribute - get angry!
One answer before time:
“And you sell the fishing line!”
And the wahlaks thought
Its meadows are flooded
Hand over to the headman - on a tribute:
Everything is weighed, calculated,
Just - quitrent and tribute,
Too much. "Is that right, Vlas?"

“And if the filing is done,
I don't say hello to anyone!
There is a hunt - I work,
Not that - I'm lying with a woman,
Not that - I'm going to a tavern!

"So!" - the whole horde of the Vakhlats
At the word of Klim Lavin
Responded - to the tribute!
Do you agree, Uncle Vlas?"

“Klim has a short speech
And clear as a sign
Calling to the tavern, -
The old man said jokingly. -
Klimakh will start with a woman,
And it will end with a tavern!
- “But what! Not with a spear
Finish-that? The thing is right
Don't croak, settle!"

But Vlas is not up to croaking.
Vlas was a kind soul,
I was sick for the whole vakhlachin -
Not for one family.
Serving under a strict master,
Carry a burden on your conscience
unwilling participant
His cruelties.
How young he was, waiting for the best,
Yes, it always happened
What's the best ending
Nothing or disaster.
And became afraid of the new,
Rich in promises
Unbelieving Vlas.
Not so much in Belokamennaya
Passed over the bridge
Like a peasant
Grievances have passed ... to the point of laughter? ..
Vlas was always gloomy.
And then - the old man blew it!
Tomfoolery vakhlatskoe
Touched him too!
He involuntarily thought:
“Without corvée… without tribute…
Without a stick ... is it true, Lord?
And Vlas smiled.
So the sun from the sultry sky
Into the dense forest
I threw a beam - and a miracle is there:
The dew burns with diamonds
The moss is golden.
“Drink, wahlachki, take a walk!”
It was too much fun:
Everyone in the chest
A new feeling played
Like she took them out
mighty wave
From the bottom of the bottomless abyss
To the world where the endless
They have a feast!
Another bucket was placed
Noisy continuous
And the songs began!
How to bury the dead
Relatives and friends
They only talk about him
Until they manage
With a host's meal
And they won't start to yawn, -
So the noise is long
Behind a cup, under a willow,
Everything, read it, happened
In commemoration of the cropped ones,
Landlord "strings".
To the deacon with the seminarians
They stuck: "Sing merry!"
The good guys sang.
(That song - not folk -
For the first time the son of Tryphon sang,
Gregory, vakhlakam,
And from the "Position" of the king,
From the people who removed the support,
She's on drunken holidays
Like a dance song
Priests and courtyards, -
Vakhlak did not sing it,
And, listening, stomped,
whistled; "merry"
Not jokingly called.)

1. Bitter times - bitter songs

“Eat prison, Yasha!
There is no milk!"
- "Where is our cow?"
- "Taken away, my light"
Master for offspring
I took her home!"
It's nice to live people
Saint in Russia!

"Where are our chickens?" -
The girls are yelling.
"Don't scream, fools!
The Zemsky court ate them;
I took another supply
Yes, he promised to stay ... "
It's nice to live people
Saint in Russia!

Broke my back
And the sourdough doesn't wait!
Baba Katerina
Remembered - roars:
In the yard for over a year
Daughter ... no dear!
It's nice to live people
Saint in Russia!

A little from the kids
Look - and there are no children:
The king will take the boys
Barin - daughters!
One freak
Live with family.
It's nice to live people
Saint in Russia!

Then his vahlatskaya,
Native, they thundered in unison,
Long, sad -
There are no other places.
Isn't it a wonder? wide
Side Russia baptized,
The people in it are dark,
And not in one soul
From time immemorial before ours
The song didn't catch on
Cheerful and clear
Like a crazy day.
Isn't it a wonder? isn't it scary?
Oh time, new time!
You will also say in the song
But how?.. The soul of the people!
Laugh at last!

Corvee

Poor, unkempt Kalinushka,
Nothing for him to flaunt
Only the back is painted
Yes, you don’t know behind the shirt.
From the bast to the gate
The skin is all torn
The belly swells from the chaff.

twisted, twisted,
Slashed, tormented,
Hardly Kalina wanders.

It will knock on the feet of the tavern keeper,
Sorrow drowns in wine
Only on Saturday will come around
From the lord's stables to his wife ...

“Ay, the song!.. I would remember!..”
Our wanderers grieve,
That memory is short
And the wahlaki boasted:
“We are corvee! From our something
Try it, be patient!
We are corvee! grew up
Under the snout of the landowner;
Day is hard labor, but night?
What a shame! For the girls
The messengers rode in threes
in our villages.
We forgot in the face
To each other, looking at the ground,
We have lost our speech.
They got drunk in silence
Kissed in silence
The fight went on in silence!
- “Well, are you talking about the silence?
Not good! we are silent
I got salty! -
Said to the neighboring parish
Peasant with hay
(Necess has overtaken extreme,
Mowed - and to the market!). -
Our young lady decided
Gertrude Alexandrovna,
Who will say a strong word,
Togo mercilessly to fight.
And they fought! Pokudova
Don't stop barking
And the man does not bark -
The only thing to be silent.
We got drunk! really
We celebrated the will
Like a holiday: they cursed so much,
That pop Ivan was offended
For the ringing of bells
Buzzing that day."

Such tales are wonderful
They fell down ... and is it a wonder?
Walk far for the word
No need - everything is spelled out
On your own back.

"We had an opportunity, -
Said the kid with the blacks
Big sideburns -
So there is no more wonderful thing about it."
(On a small hat is round,
With a badge, red vest,
With a dozen bright buttons,
Skinny pants
And bast shoes: small looked like
To the tree from which
Tiny shepherd bark
Ripped off all the bottom.
And above - not a scratch,
At the top does not disdain
Crow to build a nest.)
- "So, brother, tell me!"
- “Let me smoke first!”
While he smoked
Vlas has our wanderers
They asked: "What kind of goose?"
- “So, the martyr ran up,
Assigned to our parish,
Baron Sineguzin
yard man,
Vikenty Alexandrovich.
From the back to arable farming
Jumped! Behind him was
And the nickname: "Exit".
Healthy but weak legs
Tremble; his mistress
I rode in a carriage
Four for mushrooms ...
He will tell! listen!
Such a great memory
It must be (the headman finished),
Ate magpie eggs.

Adjusting the round hat
Vikenty Alexandrovich
Started the story.

About the exemplary serf - Yakov Verny

There was a gentleman of a low family,
He bought a village for bribes,
Lived in it without a break for thirty-three years,
He went free, drank, drank bitter.
Greedy, stingy, did not make friends with the nobles,
I only went to my sister for seagulls;
Even with relatives, not only with peasants,
Mr. Polivanov was cruel;
Having married the daughter, the faithful hubby
Carved - both drove away naked,
In the teeth of an exemplary slave,
Jacob the faithful
Like he beat with his heel.

People of the servile rank -
Real dogs sometimes:
The more severe the punishment
So dear to them, gentlemen.
Jacob showed up like this from his youth,
Only Jacob had joy:
Gentleman groom, cherish, appease
Yes, the nephew is a youngster to download.
So they both lived to old age.
The master's legs began to wither,
I went to be treated, but my legs did not come to life ...
Full of carousing, indulging and singing!
Eyes are clear
Cheeks are red
Plump hands as white as sugar,
Yes, there are shackles on the legs!

Quietly the landowner lies under a dressing gown,
Bitter fate curses
Yakov with the master: friend and brother
Faithful Yakov, the master is calling.
Winter and summer spent together,
They played more cards
To dispel boredom went to my sister
Twelve versts on good days.
Yakov himself will carry him out, lay him down,
Himself on duty will take to his sister,
He himself will help to get to the old woman,
So they lived happily - for the time being ...

Yakov's nephew, Grisha, grew up,
The master at the feet: “I want to marry!”
- "Who is the bride?" - "The bride - Arisha."
The master replies: “I’ll knock it into the coffin!”
He himself thought, looking at Arisha:
“If only the Lord would turn his legs!”
No matter how uncle asked for his nephew,
The master of the opponent in recruits sold out.
Strongly offended the exemplary slave,
Jacob the faithful
Barin, - the serf fooled!
I washed down the dead ... It's embarrassing without Jacob,
Whoever serves is a fool, a scoundrel!
Anger has long boiled in everyone,
Fortunately, there is a case: be rude, take out!
The master then asks, then pessimistically swears,
So two weeks passed.
Suddenly, his faithful slave returns ...
The first thing is a bow to the ground.
It’s a pity for him, you see, he became legless:
Who can follow it?
“Do not only remember the deeds of the cruel;
I will carry my cross to the grave!”
Again the landowner lies under a bathrobe,
Again at his feet Jacob sits,
Again the landowner calls him brother.
"Why are you frowning, Yasha?" - "Mutit!"
A lot of fungi strung on threads,
They played cards, drank tea,
Poured cherries, raspberries into drinks
And they gathered to have some fun with their sister.

The landowner smokes, lies carefree,
Clear sun, greenery glad.
Jacob is gloomy, speaks reluctantly,
Jacob's reins are trembling,
Baptized. “Keep me away, unclean power! -
Whispers - crumble! (troubled by his enemy)
They are going ... To the right is a wooded slum,
Her name is from time immemorial: Devil's ravine;
Yakov turned and drove down a ravine,
The master was taken aback: “Where are you, where?”
Jacob doesn't say a word. We drove by step
Several miles; no road - trouble!
Pits, deadwood; running down the ravine
Spring waters, trees rustle ...
The horses have become - and not a step further,
Pine trees stick out like a wall in front of them.

Jacob, not looking at the poor master,
Began to unharness the horses,
Faithful Yash, trembling, pale,
The landowner then began to beg.
Yakov listened to the promises - and rudely,
Evil laughed: “I found the murderer!
I will dirty my hands with murder,
No, you don't have to die!"
Yakov spun on a tall pine tree,
The reins at the top strengthened it,
Crossed himself, looked at the sun,
Head in a noose - and lowered his legs! ..

What passions of the Lord! hanging
Yakov over the master, swaying measuredly.
The master rushes about, sobbing, screaming,
Echo one responds!

Stretching out his head, strained his voice
Barin - vain screams!
The devil's ravine was wrapped in a shroud,
At night there are great dews,
Zgi not to see! only owls scurry,
The earth spreading its wings,
You can hear the horses chewing the leaves,
Quietly ringing bells.
Like a cast iron fits - they burn
Someone's two round, bright eyes,
Some birds fly with noise,
I hear they live nearby.
The raven above Jacob croaked alone.
Chu! there were hundreds of them!
Hooted, threatening with a crutch mister!
What passions of the Lord!

The master lay in the ravine all night,
Moans of birds and wolves driving away,
In the morning the hunter saw him.
The master returned home, wailing:
"I'm a sinner, a sinner! Execute me!"
Will you, sir, be an exemplary serf,
Jacob the faithful
Remember until judgment day!

“Sins, sins,” it was heard
From all sides. - Sorry Jacob.
Yes, it’s scary for the master, -
What a punishment he took!
- "Sorry! .." They also heard
Two or three scary stories
and heatedly argued
Who is the worst of all.
One said: taverns,
Another said: landlords,
And the third one is men.
That was Ignatius Prokhorov,
involved in the export,
Powerful and wealthy
The man is not an empty talker.
He saw all kinds
Traveled all over the county
And along and across.
You should listen to him
However, the wahlaks
So angry, did not give
Ignatius to say a word,
Especially Klim Yakovlev
Courageous: “You are a fool! ..”
“And you should have listened first…”
- “You are a fool…”
- "And all of you,
I see fools! -
Suddenly inserted the word rude
Eremin, merchant brother,
Buying from peasants
Whatever, bast shoes,
Is it a calf, is it a lingonberry,
And most importantly - a master
watch out for the odds,
When taxes were collected
And the property of the Vakhlats
Launched with a hammer. -
Started an argument
And they didn’t miss the point!
Who is the worst of all? think!"
- “Well, who is it? speak!"
- "We know who: the robbers!"
And Klim answered him:
"You were not serfs,
There was a great drop
Yes, not on your baldness!
Filled the moshna: imagining
Robbers are everywhere to him;
Robbery is a special article,
Robbery has nothing to do with it!”
- "The robber for the robber
Stepped in!" - Prasol said,
And Lavigne - lope to him!
"Pray!" - and in the teeth of prasol.
"Say goodbye to tummies!" -
And prasol in Lavin's teeth.
"Hey, fight! well done!"
The peasants parted
Nobody teased
Nobody took it apart.
Hailstorms rained down:
"I'll kill you! write to your parents!
- "I'll kill you! call the priest!
So it ended that prasola
Klim squeezed his hand like a hoop,
Another grabbed my hair
And bent with the word "bow"
Merchant at your feet.
"Well, that's it!" - Prasol said.
Klim released the offender,
The offender sat on a log,
Wide checkered scarf
Turned away and said:
"You win! isn't it a wonder?
Doesn't reap, doesn't plow - wanders around
According to the position of Konoval.
How not to work up strength?
(The peasants laugh.)
- "Don't you want it yet?" -
Klim said fervently.
"Did you think not? Let's try!"
The merchant took off the chuyka carefully
And he spat in his hands.

"Open the mouth of sinful
The time has come: listen!
And so I will reconcile you!” -
Suddenly Ionushka exclaimed,
All evening silently listening,
Sighing and baptized,
Humble praying mantis.
The merchant was glad; Klim Yakovlev
He was silent. sit down,
There was silence.

2. Wanderers and pilgrims

Homeless, homeless
A lot comes across
The people in Russia
Do not reap, do not sow - feed
From the same common granary,
What feeds a small mouse
And an innumerable army:
settled peasant
Her name is Hump.
Let the people know
that entire villages
Begging in autumn
Like a profitable business
Go: in the people's conscience
Got tired of the decision
What is more misfortune here,
Than lies - they are served.
Let there be frequent cases
That the wanderer will turn out
Thief; what does the grandmother have
For Athos prosphora,
For "tears of the Virgin"
The pilgrim will lure out the yarn,
And after the women will tell
What's next Trinity-Sergius
He himself has not been.
There was an old man, wonderful singing
He captivated the hearts of the people;
With the consent of the mothers,
In the village of Steep Backwaters
Divine singing
Began to teach girls;
Red girls all winter
They locked themselves in the barn with him,
From there the singing was heard,
And more often laughter and squealing.
However, what was the end?
He didn't learn to sing
And spoiled everyone.
There are great masters
To please the ladies:
First through bab
Accessible to the girl's,
And there to the landowner.
Jingling keys, around the yard
Walks like a barin
Spitting in the face of a peasant
Praying old woman
Bent into a ram's horn!
But he sees in the same wanderers
And the front side
People. Who builds churches?
Who are the monastery mugs
Filled over the edge?
Others don't do good
And evil is not seen behind him,
You won't understand otherwise.
Fomushka is familiar to the people:
Two-pood chains
Belted around the body
In winter and summer barefoot,
Mumbling incomprehensibly,
And to live - lives like a god:
Board and stone in the head,
And food is bread.
Wonderful to him and memorable
Old Believer Kropilnikov,
An old man whose whole life
That will, then prison.
Came to the village of Usolovo:
Reproach the laity with godlessness,
Calls to dense forests
Save yourself. Stanovoy
Happened here, listened to everything:
"To the interrogation of the accuser!"
He, too, to him:
“You are an enemy of Christ, antichrist
Messenger! Sotsky, headman
They blinked at the old man:
"Hey, bow down!" Not listening!
They took him to prison
And he reproached the chief
And, standing on a cart,
Usolovtsev shouted:

“Woe to you, woe, lost heads!
Were torn off - you will be naked,
They beat you with sticks, rods, whips,
You will be beaten with iron bars!..”

Usolovtsy were baptized,
The chief beat the herald:
"Remember you, anathema,
Judge of Jerusalem!"
The guy, the driver,
The reins fell out of fright
And the hair stood on end!
And, as a sin, military
The team broke out in the morning:
In Ustoy, a nearby village,
The soldiers have arrived.
Interrogations! pacification!
Anxiety! by affinity
The Usolovets also got it:
Prophecy of the Shrew
Nearly missed the point.

Will never forget
The people of Efrosinioshka,
Posad widow:
Like a messenger of God
The old lady appears
In cholera years;
Buries, heals, messes around
With the sick. Almost praying
Peasant women on her ...

Knock, unknown guest!
Whoever you are, sure
In a village gate
Knock! Not suspicious
native peasant,
Thought does not originate in it,
Like people who are sufficient
At the sight of a stranger
Wretched and timid:
Wouldn't steal what?
And the women are those radekhonki.
In winter before the torch
The family sits, works,
And the stranger says.
Already in the bath he took a steam bath,
Ears with a spoon of your own,
With a blessing hand
He took a sip.
A charm walks through the veins,
Speech flows like a river.
In the hut everything seemed to freeze:
The old man who fixed the shoes
Dropped them at their feet;
The shuttle has not ticked for a long time,
The worker listened
At the loom;
Frozen already on the prick
Evgenyushka's little finger,
Master's eldest daughter,
high bump,
And the girl did not hear
How she pricked herself to the point of blood;
Sewing to the feet went down,
Sitting - pupils are dilated,
Spread her hands...
Guys hanging their heads
From the floor, do not move:
How sleepy the seals are
On the ice floes beyond Arkhangelsk,
They lie on their stomach.
No faces to be seen, hung
Down strands
Hair - no need to say
That they are yellow.
Wait! soon stranger
Will tell the true story of Athos,
Like a Turk rebellious
Monks drove into the sea,
How the monks walked obediently
And they died by the hundreds...
Hear the whisper of terror
You will see a number of frightened,
Tears of full eyes!
A terrible moment has come -
And the hostess herself
Spindle pot-bellied
Rolled off my knees.
Vaska the cat was alert -
And jump to the spindle!
At another time, something would
Vaska got smart,
And then they didn't notice
How he with a nimble paw
I touched the spindle
How to jump on it
And how it rolled
Until it unraveled
Tight thread!

Who has seen how he listens
Of their passing wanderers
peasant family,
Understand that no work
Not eternal care
Nor the yoke of long slavery,
Not a tavern by ourselves
More Russian people
No limits set:
Before him is a wide path.
When they change the plowman
The fields are old,
Shreds in the forest outskirts
He tries to plow.
Enough work here
But the stripes are new
Give without fertilizer
Abundant harvest.
Soil is good
The soul of the Russian people...
O sower! come!..

Jonah (aka Lyapushkin)
Vakhlatskaya side
I've been visiting for a long time.
Not only did they not disdain
The peasants are God's wanderer,
And they argued about
Who will take him in first?
While their disputes Lyapushkin
Did not end:
"Hey! women! take out
Icons! The women took it out;
Before each icon
Jonah fell prostrate:
“Don't argue! God's work
Who looks kinder
I'll go after that!"
And often for the poorest
Ionushka walked as an icon
In the poorest hut.
And to that hut special
Reverence: women run
With knots, pans
In that hut. A cup full
By the grace of Ionushka,
She becomes.

Quietly and unhurriedly
Led the story of Ionushka
"About two great sinners",
Crossing yourself diligently.

About two great sinners

Let's pray to the Lord God
We will announce the ancient story,
He told me in Solovki
Monk, Father Pitirim.

There were twelve robbers
There was Kudeyar - ataman,
Many robbers shed
The blood of honest Christians,

Lots of wealth was stolen
Lived in a dense forest
Leader Kudeyar from near Kyiv
Take the beautiful girl out.

In the afternoon with his mistress, he amused himself,
He made raids at night,
Suddenly at the fierce robber
The Lord awakened the conscience.

The dream flew away; disgusted
Drunkenness, murder, robbery,
The shadows of the slain are,
A whole army - you can't count!

Long fought, resisted
Lord beast-man,
Head blew off his mistress
And Yesaula spotted.

The conscience of the villain mastered
Disbanded his band
Distributed property to the church,
Buried the knife under the willow.

And forgive sins
Goes to the tomb of the Lord
Wandering, praying, repenting,
It doesn't get any easier for him.

An old man, in monastic clothes,
The sinner came home
Lived under the canopy of the oldest
Duba, in the forest slum.

Day and night of the Most High
Pray: forgive sins!
Let your body be tortured
Let me save my soul!

God took pity and to salvation
The schemer showed the way:
An old man in prayer vigil
Some saint appeared

Rivers "Not without God's providence
You chose the age-old oak,
With the same knife that robbed
Cut it off with the same hand!

There will be great work
There will be a reward for labor;
The tree just collapsed
The chains of sin will fall."

The hermit measured the monster:
Oak - three girths around!
I went to work with a prayer
Cuts with a damask knife

Cuts tough wood
Singing glory to the Lord
Years go - moves on
Slowly business forward.

What to do with the giant
Frail, sick person?
We need iron strength here,
We don't need an old age!

Doubt creeps into the heart
Cuts and hears the words:
"Hey old man, what are you doing?"
Crossed first,

I looked - and Pan Glukhovsky
He sees on a greyhound horse,
Pan rich, noble,
The first one in that direction.

A lot of cruel, scary
The old man heard about the pan
And as a lesson to the sinner
He told his secret.

Pan chuckled: "Salvation
I haven't had tea for a long time
In the world I honor only a woman,
Gold, honor and wine.

You have to live, old man, in my opinion:
How many slaves I destroy
I torture, I torture and hang,
And I would like to see how I sleep!

The miracle with the hermit happened:
Felt rage,
Rushed to Pan Glukhovsky,
A knife plunged into his heart!

Just pan bloody
Fell head on the saddle
A huge tree collapsed
The echo shook the whole forest.

The tree collapsed, rolled down
From a monk the burden of sins! ..
Let us pray to the Lord God:
Have mercy on us, dark slaves!

3. Old and new

Jonah has finished, is being baptized;
The people are silent. Suddenly prasola
An angry cry broke out:

“Hey you sleepy grouse!
Steam, live, steam!
- “You can’t call the ferry
Until the sun! carriers
And in the afternoon they celebrate the coward,
Their ferry is thin,
Wait! About Kudeyar something ... "
- Ferry! ferry! ferry!"
He left, fiddling with the cart,
The cow is tied to her -
He kicked her;
In it the hens are cooing,
He told them: “Fools! poof!"
The calf dangles in it -
Got a calf too
An asterisk on the forehead.
Burned a Savras horse
With a whip - and moved to the Volga.
Sailed a month over the road,
Such a funny shadow
Ran next to prasol
Along the moon lane!
“I thought it over, it became, to fight something?
And to argue - sees - there is nothing, -
Vlas noticed. - Oh, my God!
Great noble sin!
- “Great, but still not to be him
Against the sin of the peasant, -
Again Ignatius Prokhorov
Couldn't resist, he said.
Klim spat. "Oh, it sucked!
Who with what, and our tick
Native galchenyatochki
Just a mile ... Well, tell me
What is the great sin?

Peasant sin

Ammiral the widower walked the seas,
I walked the seas, I drove ships,
Near Achakov fought with the Turks,
Defeated him
And the empress gave him
Eight thousand souls as a reward.
In that patrimony clover
The widower-ammiral is living his life,
And he gives, dying,
Gleb the headman a golden casket.
“Goy, you elder! Take care of the chest!
My will is preserved in it:
From chains-supports to freedom
Eight thousand souls are released!”

Amiral the widower lies on the table...
A distant relative rolls to bury.

Buried, forgotten! Calls the elder
And starts a roundabout speech with him;
He told everything, promised him
Mountains of gold, issued a free ...

Gleb - he was greedy - is tempted:
The will is burned!

For decades, until recently
Eight thousand souls were secured by the villain,
With the clan, with the tribe; what to the people!
What the people! With a stone in the water!

God forgives everything, but Judas sin
Doesn't forgive.
Oh man! man! you are the worst of all
And for that you always toil!

Stern and angry
Thunderous threatening voice
Ignatius finished speaking.
The crowd jumped to their feet
A sigh passed, I heard:
“So here it is, the sin of the peasant!
And indeed a terrible sin!”
- “And indeed: we always toil,
Oh-oh! .. "- said the elder himself,
Killed again, for the better
Not a believer Vlas.
And soon succumbed
As I grieve, so do joys,
"Great sin! great sin! -
Klim echoed sadly.

The site in front of the Volga,
illuminated by the moon,
Changed suddenly.
The proud people are gone
With a confident walk
Wahlaki remained,
Not eating enough
Unsalted slurped,
Which instead of the master
The volost will fight,
Which hunger to knock
Threats: long drought
And then there's the bug!
Which prasol-burning
cut the price boasts
On their hard prey,
Resin, Vakhlatsky tear, -
Cut, reproach:
“Why pay you so much?
You have unpurchased goods
Of you drowning in the sun
Resin, like from a pine tree!

The poor fell again
To the bottom of a bottomless abyss
Shut up, snuggle up
They lay down on their stomachs;
They lay, they thought
And suddenly they sang. Slowly,
As the cloud moves
The words flowed viscous.
So the song was minted
That immediately our wanderers
Remembered her:

hungry

The man is standing
swaying
A man is walking
Don't breathe!

From its bark
swelled up,
Longing trouble
Exhausted.

Darker face
Glass
Not seen
At the drunk.

Goes - puffs,
Walks and sleeps
Went there
Where the rye is noisy.

How the idol became
On the strip
Worth singing
No voice:

"Rise up, rise up
Mother Rye!
I am your plowman
Pankratushka!

I'll eat the rug
mountain mountain,
Eat a cheesecake
With a big table!

Eat everything alone
I manage myself.
Whether mother or son
Ask - I will not give!

“Oh, father, I want to eat!” -
Said in a low voice
One man; from the cave
He took out a crust - eats.
"They sing without a voice,
And to listen - trembling through the hair! -
Another guy said.
And it's true that not with a voice -
Inside - his "Hungry"
Wahlaki sang.
Another while singing
He stood up, showed
How the relaxed man walked,
How sleep filled the hungry,
How the wind swayed
And they were strict, slow
Movement. Singing "Hungry"
shaking like broken
Go in single file to the bucket
And the singers drank.

"Dare!" - heard behind them
Diachkovo word; his son
Gregory, godson of the elder,
Suitable for countrymen.
"Do you want some vodka?" “Drank enough.
What happened to you here?
How you are lowered into the water! ... "
- "We? .. what are you? .." They alerted,
Vlas laid on the godson
Wide hand.

“Captarity has returned to you?
Will they drive you to the barshchina?
Have your meadows been taken away?”
- "Meadows something? .. You're joking, brother!"
“So what has changed?”
They croaked "Hungry",
Do you want to invite hunger?"
- “No way and really nothing!” -
Klim shot out like a cannon;
Many itched
Necks, whispers are heard:
“No way and really nothing!”

“Drink vakhlachki, take a walk!
It's okay, it's all our way
As expected.
Don't hang your head!"

“Is it our way, Klimushka?
And Gleb something? .. "
Interpreted
A lot: put in the mouth,
That they are not responsible
For the cursed Gleb,
It's all my fault: stand strong!
"The snake will give birth to kites,
And fasten - the sins of the landowner,
The sin of unfortunate Jacob,
Sin gave birth to Gleb!
No support - no landowner,
To the loop leading
diligent slave,
No support - no yard,
Suicide avenging
to my villain,
No support - Gleb new
Will not be in Russia!

All closer, all the more joyful
Listened to Grisha Prov:
grinned, comrades
He said in a triumphant voice:
"Move on your mustache!"
- “So, that means “Hungry”
Now forever on the side?
Hey others! Sing merry!" -
Klim shouted happily ...
Gone, the crowd picked up,
Oh strengthen the word true
To tremble: "No snake -
There will be no serpents!”
Klim Yakovlev Ignatia
He scolded again: “You are a fool!”
Almost got into a fight!
The deacon sobbed over Grisha:
“God will create a little head!
No wonder it breaks
To Moscow, to Novovorsitet!”
And Vlas stroked him:
"God bless you and silver,
And gold, give me smart,
Healthy wife!
“I don’t need any silver
No gold, but God forbid
So that my countrymen
And every peasant
Lived freely and cheerfully
All over holy Russia! -
Blushing like a girl
Said from the heart
Gregory - and left.

It's getting light. equipping
Carriers. “Hey, Vlas Ilyich!
Come here, look who's here!" -
Ignatius Prokhorov said
Taking to the logs rolled
Doug. Suitable Vlas,
Klim Yakovlev runs after him,
Behind Klim - our wanderers
(They care about everything):
Behind the logs where the beggars
Sleep side by side from the evening,
Some kind of embarrassed lay,
Beaten man;
He has new clothes on
Yes, it's all torn
On the neck red silk
Scarf, red shirt,
Vest and watch.
Lavigne bent down to sleep,
He looked and shouted: “Beat him!”
He kicked in the teeth with his heel.
Jumped up kid, muddy
He rubbed his eyes, and Vlas his
Meanwhile in the cheekbone.
Like a pinched rat
The kid squeaked plaintively -
And to the forest! Legs are long
Runs - the earth trembles!
Four guys rushed
In pursuit of a child
The people shouted to them: "Beat him!",
Until they disappeared into the forest
Both the guys and the fugitive.

“What kind of a man? - headman
Strangers asked. -
Why is he being bullied?"

“We don’t know, so punished
We are from the village of Tiskov,
What will appear where
Egorka Shutov - beat him!
And we beat. The visemen will come,
They will tell." - "Satisfied?" -
The old man asked the returnees
From the pursuit of fellows.
“Caught up, satisfied!
Escape to Kuzma-Demyansky,
There, apparently, to cross
Strives for the Volga.

"Wonderful people! beat sleepy,
Why don’t you know about…”

“If the whole world is ordered:
Bay! - it became, there is a reason! -
Vlas shouted at the strangers. -
Not tyskovtsy carminers,
How long ago is the tenth
Flogged? .. oh, Yegor! ..
Ai service - a vile position!
Dirty man! - Don't hit him
So who to beat?
We are not the only ones punished:
From Tiskov along the Volga
There are fourteen villages here, -
Tea, through all fourteen
Driven away, as if through the ranks!

Our strangers fell silent.
They would like to know
What's the matter, yes angry
And so uncle Vlas.

Quite light. have breakfast
The hostess' husbands were given:
Cheesecakes with cottage cheese,
Goose (driven away here
Geese; three got tired
The man carried them under his arm:
“Sell! will die before the city!” -
Bought for nothing.)
How a man drinks, interpreted
A lot, but not for everyone
Know how he eats.
Hungry for beef
Than wine, rushes.
There was a non-drinking bricklayer here,
So drunk with a goose
What is your wine!
Chu! a cry is heard: “Someone is coming!
Who is going!” pecked
Another help for the noisy
The fun of the Vahlaks.
The hay cart is coming,
High on the cart
The soldier Ovsyanikov is sitting,
Twenty miles in circumference
Familiar to men
And next to him is Ustinyushka,
Orphan-niece,
Old man support.
Grandpa was fed by Raykom,
Moscow and the Kremlin showed
Suddenly the instrument broke
But no capital!
Three yellow spoons
Bought - so do not have to
learned by heart
Sayings to new music,
People will not laugh!
Heather soldier! by time
Invented new words
And the spoons went.
Rejoiced at the old
"Hey, grandpa! jump off
Have a drink with us
Yes, hit the spoons!
- “I climbed up,
And how I will go, I do not know:
Leads!” - "I suppose to the city
Again for a full pension?
Yes, the city burned down!
- "Burned out? And serve him right!
Burned out? So I'm up to Peter!
All my comrades are there
Walking with full pension
They'll figure it out there!"
- “Tea, will you touch the cast-iron?”
The officer whistled:
"You didn't serve long.
Orthodox people,
Busurman cast iron!
You were our love
Like from Moscow to St. Petersburg
I drove for three rubles,
And if seven rubles
Pay, so to hell with you!”

“And you hit the spoons, -
The elder said to the soldier,
To the people who took a sip
As long as there's enough
Maybe things will get better.
Wield quickly, Klim!
(Vlas Klima disliked,
And a little hard business,
Immediately to him: “Work, Klim!”,
And Klim is happy about that.)

They let grandpa down from the cart,
The soldier was frail on his feet,
Tall and thin to the extreme;
He is wearing a frock coat with medals
Hanging like on a pole.
It cannot be said that good
had a face, especially
When it brought the old -
Damn it! The mouth will snarl
Eyes - what coals!

The soldier hit the spoons
What was right up to the shore
The people are running away.
Hit - and sang:

Soldier's

Toshen light,
There is no truth,
Life is boring
The pain is strong.
German bullets,
Turkish bullets,
French bullets,
Russian sticks!
Toshen light,
There is no bread
There is no blood
There is no death.
Well, from the redoubt, from the first number,
Well, with George - around the world, around the world!
At the rich
At the rich
Almost raised
On the horn.
Fence full of nails
bristled,
And the owner, the thief,
Bumped up.
The poor have no
Copper penny:
"Do not seek soldiers!"
- "And do not, brother!"
Toshen light,
There is no bread
There is no blood
There is no death.
Only three matrons
Da Luca with Peter
I'll change it good.
Luke with Peter
sniff tobacco,
And three Matryas
We'll find a supply.
At the first Matryona
Breasts are vigorous,
Matryona second
Carries loaf,
At the third water I will drink from the ladle:
Water is key, and measure is the soul!
Toshen light,
There is no truth
Life is boring
The pain is strong.

The servant was delayed.
Leaning on Ustinyushka,
He raised his left leg
And began to shake it,
Like a weight on weight;
Did the same with the right
Cursed: "Life damned!" -
And suddenly he became both.

"Orudiy, Klim!" St. Petersburg
Klim equipped the case:
On a wooden saucer
Gave to uncle and niece,
Put them side by side
And he jumped on a log
And shouted loudly: "Listen!"
(The servant could not stand
And often in the speech of a peasant
Inserted a well-aimed word
And knocked on the spoons.)

The deck is oak
At my yard
Lies for a long time: from youth
I chop wood on it,
So she's not so hurt
Like a gentleman.
Take a look: what is the soul!

German bullets,
Turkish bullets,
French bullets,
Russian sticks.

And a full pension
Didn't work, rejected
All the wounds of the old man;
The doctor's assistant looked
Said, “Secondary!
According to him and pension.

Full issue is not ordered:
The heart is not shot through!

(The servant sobbed; in spoons
I wanted to hit - grimaced!
Do not be with him Ustinyushka,
The old man would fall.)

Soldier again with a request.
They measured the wounds with tops
and appreciated each
Almost a copper penny.
So the bailiff measured
Beatings on the fights
On the men's market:
"Under the right eye abrasion
The size of two kopecks,
hole in the middle of the forehead
In the whole. Total:
For a ruble fifteen with money
Beatings ... "Let's equate
To the massacre of the market
War near Sevastopol
Where did the soldier pour blood?

Only the mountains did not move
And how they jumped on the redoubts!
Hares, squirrels, wild cats.
There I said goodbye to my legs,
From the hellish roar, the whistle was deaf,
I almost died from Russian hunger!

He would need to go to Peter
To the committee of the wounded, -
Pesh will reach Moscow
And then how? Cast iron something
Started biting!

Important lady! proud lady!
Walks, hisses like a snake:
“Empty for you! empty for you! empty for you! -
The Russian village is screaming;
Snorts in the peasant's face,
Presses, maims, somersaults,
Soon all Russian people
Cleaner broom sweep.

The soldier stomped a little,
And heard how knocked
Dry bone on bone
But Klim was silent: he had already moved
To the serving people.
Everyone gave: a penny,
For a penny, on plates
Rublishko got...

4. Good time - good songs

In replacement of speeches with songs,
In support of speech with a fight
The feast ended only in the morning,
Great feast! .. Disperses
People. Fall asleep, stay
Under the willow our wanderers
And then Ionushka slept,
Humble praying mantis.
Swinging, Savva with Grisha
take a parent home
And they sang; in clean air
Over the Volga, like alarms,
Consonants and strong
Voices thundered:

The share of the people
his happiness,
Light and freedom
Primarily!

We are a little
We ask God:
honest deal
do skillfully
Give us strength!

Working life -
Direct to friend
To dear to the heart,
Away from the threshold
Coward and lazy!
Isn't it heaven?

The share of the people
his happiness,
Light and freedom
Primarily!

Poorer than seedy
the last peasant
Trifon lived. Two boxes:
One with a smoking stove
The other is a sazhen - summer,
And all here is short-lived;
No cow, no horse
There was a dog Itchy,
There was a cat - and they left.

Putting the parent to sleep
I took up the book Savvushka,
But Grisha could not sit still,
He went to the fields, to the meadows.

Grisha has a wide bone,
But very emaciated
Face - underfed them
Grabber-economy.
Gregory in the seminary
Wakes up at midnight
And then until the sun
He does not sleep - he is eagerly waiting for the rush,
which was given to them
With a beat in the morning.
No matter how poor vakhlachina,
They ate in it.
Thanks to Vlas the godfather
And other men!
Young people paid them
To the best of my ability, work,
According to their deeds chores
Celebrated in the city.

The deacon boasted of the children,
And what do they eat?
And I forgot to think.
He was always hungry
All spent looking
Where to drink, where to eat.
And he was of a light temper,
And if it were otherwise, it would hardly
And lived to gray hair.
His mistress Domnushka
She was very caring
But also durability
God didn't give her. deceased
All my life I thought about salt:
No bread - anyone
Ask for salt
It is necessary to give clean money,
And they are all over the vakhlachin,
Driven to corvee,
Not much! Good - bread
Vakhlak shared with Domna.
Long ago they would have decayed in the earth
Her native children
Don't be a wahlat hand
Generous than God sent.

Unrequited laborer
For everyone who has something
Help her on a rainy day
All my life I thought about salt
Domnushka sang about salt -
Did you wash, did you mow,
Did Grishenka lullaby,
Beloved son.
How the boy's heart sank
When the peasant women remembered
And sang a song to Domnina
(Nicknamed her "Salty"
resourceful wahlak).

Nobody is like God!
Doesn't eat, doesn't drink
little son,
Look - die!

Gave a piece
Gave another -
Doesn't eat, screams
"Sprinkle with salt!"

And no salt
At least a pinch!
"Sprinkle with flour" -
The Lord whispered.

Bitten once or twice
Crooked mouth.
"Salt more!" -
The son screams.

Again flour...
And for a piece
River tear!
Ate son!

Mother boasted -
Saved my son...
Know, salt
There was a tear!

Grisha remembered the song
And with a voice of prayer
Quietly in the seminary
Where it was dark and cold
Gloomy, strict, hungry,
Peval - grieved for mother
And about all the vakhlachin,
His nurse.
And soon in the heart of a boy
With love to the poor mother
Love for all vakhlachin
Merged - and fifteen years
Gregory already knew for sure
What will live for happiness
Wretched and dark
native corner.

Pretty demon rage
He flew with a punishing sword
Over Russian land.
Pretty slavery is hard
Some paths are wicked
open, engaging
Kept in Russia!
Over Russia dying out
Another song is heard:
It's an angel of mercy
Invisibly flying
Above her, strong souls
Calling for an honest path.

In the middle of the world
For a free heart
There are two ways.

Weigh the proud strength
Weigh firm will, -
How to go?

One spacious
The road is torn,
The passions of a slave

On it is huge,
Hungry for temptation
The crowd is coming.

About sincere life
About the lofty goal
There thought is ridiculous.

Eternal boils there
Inhuman
feud-war

For mortal blessings.
There are captive souls
Full of sin.

Looks shiny
There life is deadly
Good deaf.

The other one is tight
The road is honest
They walk on it

Only strong souls
loving,
To fight, to work.

For the bypassed
For the oppressed
In their footsteps

Go to the downtrodden
Go to the offended -
Be the first there!

And an angel of mercy
No wonder the invocation song
Sings over the Russian youth, -
Russia has already sent a lot
His sons, marked
The seal of the gift of God,
On honest paths
Many have mourned
(While a falling star
They're moving!).
No matter how dark vakhlachina,
No matter how crowded with corvee
And slavery - and she,
Blessed, put
In Grigory Dobrosklonov
Such a messenger.
Fate prepared for him
The path is glorious, the name is loud
people's protector,
Consumption and Siberia.

The sun shone softly
Breathed early morning
Coolness, aromas
Mowed grass everywhere ...

Gregory walked thoughtfully
First on the big road
(Old: with high
curly birches,
straight as an arrow).
He was having fun
That's sad. horny
Vakhlatskaya feast,
Thought worked strongly in him
And poured out in song:

“In moments of despondency, O Motherland!
I am thinking ahead.
You are destined to suffer a lot,
But you won't die, I know.

The darkness was thicker than ignorance over you,
A suffocating dream is unawakening,
You were a deeply unhappy country,
Depressed, slavishly unjudicial.

How long have your people served as a toy
The shameful passions of the master?
A descendant of the Tatars, like a horse, led
To the Slave Slave Market,

And the Russian maiden was dragged to shame,
The scourge raged without fear,
And the horror of the people at the word "set"
Was it like the horror of execution?

Enough! Finished with the last calculation,
Done with sir!
The Russian people gather with strength
And learn to be a citizen.

And your burden was lightened by fate,
Companion of the days of the Slav!
You are also a slave in the family,
But the mother is already a free son!”

Enticed Grisha narrow,
winding path,
Running through bread
Mowed in a wide meadow
He went down to her.
Drying grass in the meadow
Peasant women met Grisha
His favorite song.
The young man was sad
For a suffering mother
And more anger took.
He went into the forest. haunting,
In the forest like quails
In the rye, small ones wandered
Guys (and older
They turned senzo).
He is with them a body of saffron milk caps
Scored. The sun is already burning;
Went to the river. Bathing -
Three days ago burned
of the charred city
Picture in front of him:
Not a survivor's house
One prison saved
newly whitewashed,
Like a white cow
Out on the road, it's worth it.
The authorities hid there,
And the inhabitants under the shore,
Like an army, they became a camp,
Everything is still sleeping, few
Woke up: two clerks,
holding the shelves
Bathrobes, sneaking
Between cabinets, chairs,
Knots, crews
To the tent-tavern.
There the tailor is crouched
Arshin, iron and scissors
Carries - like a leaf trembles.
Wake up from sleep with a prayer
Combing his head
And keeps on flying away
Like a girl, a long braid
Tall and portly
Archpriest Stefan.
Down the sleepy Volga slowly
Rafts with firewood stretch,
Standing under the right bank
Three barges loaded:
Yesterday barge haulers with songs
They were brought here.
And here he is - exhausted
Burlak! festive gait
Goes, the shirt is clean,
Copper rings in my pocket.
Gregory walked, looked
For a contented barge hauler,
And words escaped from my lips
Whispers, then loud.
Gregory thought aloud:

Shoulders, chest and back
He pulled the whip barge,
The midday heat scorched him,
And sweat poured from him in streams.
And he fell and got up again
Hoarsely, "Dubinushka" groaned;
He reached the barque
And fell asleep in a heroic dream,
And, in the bath, washing off the sweat in the morning,
Carelessly the pier goes.
Three rubles are sewn into the belt.
The rest - copper - stirring,
I thought for a moment, went into a tavern
And silently threw it on the workbench
Hard-earned pennies
And, having drunk, grunted from the heart,
He crossed his chest on the church;
It's time to go! it's time to go!
He walked briskly, chewed kalach,
As a gift, he brought his wife a kumach,
Sister scarf, but for children
In the gold leaf of horses.
He was going home - not a short way,
God bless and rest!

From the burlak of Grishina's thoughts
To all mysterious Russia,
Moved to the people.
And for a long time Grisha shore
Wandering, worrying, thinking
As long as a new song
Did not satisfy the strained,
Burning head.

You are poor
You are abundant
You are powerful
You are powerless
Mother Russia!

Saved in bondage
Free heart -
Gold, gold
The heart of the people!

The strength of the people
mighty force -
Conscience is calm
The truth is alive!

Strength with unrighteousness
Doesn't get along
Victim of untruth
Not called -

Russia does not stir
Russia is dead!
And lit up in it
The hidden spark

We got up - nebuzheny,
Came out - uninvited,
Live by the grain
The mountains have been applied!

Rat rises -
Innumerable!
The strength will affect her
Invincible!

You are poor
You are abundant
You are beaten
You are almighty
Mother Russia!

“I got a good song! - said Grisha, jumping. -
The great truth in it hotly affected!
Tomorrow I'll sing it to the vakhlachka - not all the same to them
Songs to sing dull... Help, oh God, them!
As from the game and from running, the cheeks flare up,
So with a good song they rise in spirit
Poor, downtrodden…” After reading solemnly
Brother a new song (brother said: "Divine!")
Grisha tried to sleep. Slept, didn't sleep
More beautiful than the previous song was composed in a half-dream;
Would our wanderers be under their native roof,
If only they could know what happened to Grisha.
He heard immense strength in his chest,
Gracious sounds delighted his ears,
Sounds of the radiant hymn of the noble -
He sang the embodiment of the happiness of the people! ..

From the second part of "To whom it is good to live in Russia." This chapter follows the chapter "The Last", placed in the "Notes of the Fatherland" in 1873, No. 2 and in a separate, 6th edition of Nekrasov's "Poems": part 6.

At the end of the village under the willow,
A modest witness
All the life of Vahlaks,
Where the holidays are celebrated
Where gatherings are held
Where they flog during the day, and in the evening
Kiss, have mercy, -
All night long lights and noise.
On the logs lying here,
On a log house built up
The men sat down;
Here, too, our wanderers
Sat next to Vlasushka
Vlas poured vodka,
“Drink, wahlachki, take a walk!” -
Klim shouted merrily.
As soon as you decide to drink,
Vlas to a young son
He shouted: “Run after Tryphon!”
With the parish sexton Tryphon,
Reveler, godfather of the elder,
His sons came
Seminarians: Savvushka
And Grisha, good guys,
Letters to peasants to relatives
Wrote; "Position"
As it turned out, they interpreted
Mowed, reaped, sowed
And drank vodka on holidays
equal to the peasantry.
Now Savva is a deacon
I looked, and at Gregory
Face thin, pale
And the hair is thin, curly,
With a hint of red.
Right next to the village
The Volga was going, and beyond the Volga
There was a small town
(To be more precise, cities
At that time there was no shadow
And there were bunts:
The fire destroyed the Third Days).
So people passing by
Vakhlak friends,
Here they also became
The ferry is waiting
They fed the horses.
The beggars wandered here,
And the chatterer-wanderer,
And a quiet praying mantis. On the day of the death of the old prince
The peasants did not foresee
What are not floodplain meadows,
And they will make a litigation.
And after drinking a glass,
First of all, they argued:
How can they be with the meadows? Not all of you, Russia, is measured
Zemlitsej: come across
blessed corners,
Where did it go well.
Some random -
The ignorance of the landowner,
living far away
Broker's mistake
And more often twists
Peasant leaders -
In the allotment of the peasants occasionally
There was also a fishing line.
There is a proud man, try it
Knock on the window the headman
For a tribute - get angry!
One answer before time:
“And you sell the fishing line!”
And the wahlaks thought
Its meadows are flooded
Hand over to the headman - on a tribute:
Everything is weighed, calculated,
Just - quitrent and tribute,
Too much. “Is that right, Vlas?
And if the filing is done,
I don't say hello to anyone!
There is a hunt - I work,
Not that - I'm lying with a woman,
Not that - I'm going to a tavern! ”- So! - the whole horde of the Vakhlats
At the word of Klim Lavin
Responded. - On the tribute!
Do you agree, Uncle Vlas? - - Klim's speech is short
And clear as a sign
Calling to the tavern, -
The old man said jokingly. -
Klimakh will start with a woman,
And it will end - a tavern! - “But what! Not with a spear
Finish that? The thing is right
Do not croak, solve it! ”But Vlas is not up to croaking.
Vlas was a kind soul,
I was sick for the whole vakhlachin -
Not for one family.
Serving under a strict master.
Carry a burden on your conscience
unwilling participant
His cruelties.
How young he was, waiting for the best,
Yes, it always happened
What's the best ending
Nothing or disaster.
And became afraid of the new,
Rich in promises.
Unbelieving Vlas.
Not so much in Belokamennaya
Passed over the bridge
Like a peasant
Grievances have passed ... to laughter? ..
Vlas was always gloomy.
And then - the old man blew it!
Tomfoolery vakhlatskoe
Touched him too!
He involuntarily thought:
“Without corvée... without tribute...
Without a stick ... is it true, Lord?
And Vlas smiled.
So the sun from the sultry sky
Into the dense forest
Throw a beam - and a miracle is there:
The dew burns with diamonds
The moss is golden.
“Drink, wahlachki, take a walk!”
It was too much fun:
Everyone in the chest
A new feeling played
Like she took them out
mighty wave
From the bottom of the bottomless abyss
To the world where the endless
They have a feast!
Another bucket was placed
Noisy continuous
And the songs began.
So, burying the dead,
Relatives and friends
They only talk about him
Until they manage
With a host's meal
And they won't start to yawn, -
So the noise is long
Behind a cup, under a willow,
Everything, read it, happened
In commemoration of the cropped
To the landowner's "strings". To the sexton with the seminarians
They approached: "Sing "Merry"!"
The good guys sang.
(That song - not folk -
The son of Tryphon sang for the first time.
Gregory, vakhlakam,
And from the "Position" of the king,
From the people who removed the support,
She's on drunken holidays
Like a dance song
Priests and courtyards, -
Vakhlak did not sing it,
And, listening, stomped,
whistled; "Merry"
He didn’t call it jokingly.) FUNNY “Eat prison, Yasha!
There is no milk!"
- Where is our cow? -
“Gone away, my light!
Master for offspring
I took her home."
It's nice to live people
Saint in Russia! - Where are our chickens? -
The girls are yelling.
"Don't scream, fools!
The Zemsky court ate them;
I took another supply
Yes, he promised to stay ... "
It's nice to live people
Saint in Russia! Broke my back,
And the sourdough doesn't wait!
Baba Katerina
Remembered - roars:
In the yard for over a year
Daughter ... no dear!
It's nice to live people
In Russia, a saint! A little from the kids,
Look, there are no children:
The king will take the boys
Barin - daughters!
One freak
Live with family.
It's nice to live people
Saint in Russia!
etc. Then your vahlatskaya,
Native, they thundered in unison.
Long, sad -
There are no other places.
Isn't it a wonder? wide
Side Russia baptized,
The people in it are dark,
And not in one soul
From time immemorial before ours
The song didn't catch on
Cheerful and clear
Like a crazy day.
Isn't it wonderful? isn't it scary?
Oh time, new time! You will also say in the song,
But how? ... The soul of the people!
Finally laugh! Corvée Poor, unkempt Kalinushka,
Nothing for him to flaunt
Only the back is painted
Yes, you don’t know behind the shirt.
From the bast to the gate
The skin is all torn
The belly swells from the chaff.
twisted, twisted,
Slashed, tormented,
Hardly Kalina wanders.
It will knock on the feet of the tavern keeper,
Sorrow will drown in wine.
Only on Saturday will come around
From the master's stables to his wife ... "Ay, a song! .. I would remember! .."
Our wanderers grieve.
That memory is short
And the wahlaki boasted:
“We are corvee! From our something
Try it, be patient!
We are corvee! grew up
Under the snout of the landowner;
The day is hard labor, but the night?
What a shame! For the girls
The messengers rode in threes
in our villages.
We forgot in the face
To each other, looking at the ground,
We have lost our speech.
They got drunk in silence
Kissed in silence
The fight went on in silence."
- Well, you're talking about silence something
Not good! we are silent
I got salty! -
Said to the neighboring parish
Peasant with hay
(Necess has overtaken extreme,
Mowed - and to the market!)
Our young lady decided
Gertrude Alexandrovna,
Who will say a strong word.
Togo mercilessly to fight.
And they fought! pokudova
They didn't stop barking.
And the man does not bark -
The only thing to be silent.
We got drunk! really
We celebrated the will
Like a holiday: they cursed so much,
That pop Ivan was offended
For the ringing of bells.
Buzzing that day. -These stories are amazing.
They fell down ... And is it a miracle?
Go far for the word
No need - everything is spelled out
On your own back. “We had an opportunity, -
Said the kid with the blacks
Big sideburns. -
So there is no more wonderful,
(On a small hat is round,
With a badge, red vest,
With a dozen bright buttons,
Skinny pants
And bast shoes: small looked like
To the tree from which
Tiny shepherd bark
Ripped off all the bottom.
And above - not a scratch,
At the top does not disdain
Crow to build a nest.)
- So, brother, tell me! -
"Give me a smoke first!"
While he smoked
Vlas has our wanderers
They asked: "What kind of goose?"
- So, the martyr ran up,
Assigned to our parish,
Baron Sineguzin
yard man,
Vikenty Alexandrovich.
From the back to arable farming
Jumped! Behind him was
And the nickname "exit".
Healthy but weak legs
Tremble; his mistress
I rode in a carriage
Four for mushrooms ...
He will tell! listen!
Such a great memory
It must be (the headman finished),
Ate magpie eggs. - Adjusting the round hat,
Vikenty Alexandrovich
I started the story.
He bought a village with bribes,
Lived in it without a break for thirty-three years,
He went free, drank, drank bitter.
Greedy, stingy, did not make friends with the nobles,
I only went to my sister for seagulls;
Even with relatives, not only with peasants,
Mr. Polivanov was cruel;
Having married the daughter, the faithful hubby
Carved - both drove away naked,
In the teeth of an exemplary slave,
Jacob the faithful
Like he was blowing with his heel. People of the serf rank -
Real dogs sometimes:
The more severe the punishment
So dear to them, gentlemen.
Jacob showed up like this from his youth,
Only Jacob had joy:
Gentleman groom, cherish, appease
Yes, the nephew is a youngster to download.
So they both lived to old age.
The master's legs began to wither,
I went to be treated, but my legs did not come to life ...
Full of carousing, indulging and singing!
Eyes are clear
Cheeks are red
plump hands as white as sugar"
Yes, there are shackles on the legs!
Quietly the landowner lies under a dressing gown,
Bitter fate curses
Yakov with the master: friend and brother
Faithful Yakov, the master is calling.
Winter and summer spent together,
They played more cards
To dispel boredom went to my sister
Twelve versts in good din.
Yakov himself will carry him out, lay him down,
Himself on duty will take to his sister,
He himself will help to get to the old woman,
So they lived in harmony - for the time being ... Yakov's nephew, Grisha, grew up,
The master at the feet: “I want to marry!”
- Who is the bride? - "The bride - Arisha."
The master answers: - I'll knock it into the coffin! -
He himself thought, looking at Arisha:
“If only the Lord would turn his legs!”
No matter how uncle asked for his nephew,
The master of the opponent in recruits sold out.
Strongly offended the exemplary slave,
Jacob the faithful
Barin, - the serf fooled!
I washed down the dead ... It's embarrassing without Jacob,
Whoever serves is a fool, a scoundrel!
Anger has long boiled in everyone,
Fortunately, there is a case: be rude, take out!
The master now asks, then swears like a dog.
So two weeks passed.
Suddenly his faithful serf returns...
The first thing is a bow to the ground.
It’s a pity for him, you see, he became legless:
Who can follow it?
“Do not only remember the deeds of the cruel;
I will carry my cross to the grave!”
Again the landowner lies under a bathrobe,
Again at his feet Jacob sits,
Again the landowner calls him brother.
- Why are you frowning, Yasha? - "Mutit!" -
A lot of mushrooms strung on threads,
They played cards, drank tea,
Poured cherries, raspberries into drinks
And they gathered to have some fun with their sister. The landowner smokes, lies carefree,
Clear sun, greenery glad.
Jacob is gloomy, speaks reluctantly,
Jacob's reins are trembling,
Baptized. "Keep away from me, unclean power!"
Whispers: "scatter!" (his enemy was troubling him).
They are going ... To the right is a wooded slum,
Her name is from time immemorial: Devil's ravine;
Yakov turned and drove down a ravine,
The master was taken aback: - Where are you, where? -
Jacob doesn't say a word. We drove by step
Several miles; no road - trouble!
Pits, deadwood; running down the ravine
Spring waters, trees rustle ...
The horses have become - and not a step further,
Pine trees stick out like a wall in front of them. Jacob, not looking at the poor master,
Began to unharness the horses,
Faithful Yash, trembling, pale,
The landowner then began to beg.
Yakov listened to the promises - and rudely,
Evil laughed: “I found the murderer!
I will dirty my hands with murder,
No, you don't have to die!"
Yakov spun on a tall pine.
The reins at the top strengthened it,
He crossed himself and looked at the sun.
Head into a noose - and lowered his legs! .. What passions of the Lord! hanging
Yakov over the master, swaying measuredly.
The master rushes about, sobbing, screaming.
Echo one responds!
Stretching out his head, strained his voice
Barin - vain screams!
The devil's ravine was wrapped in a shroud,
At night there are great dews,
Zgi not to see! only owls scurry,
The earth spreading its wings,
You can hear the horses chewing the leaves,
Quietly ringing bells.
Like a cast iron fits - they burn
Someone's two round, bright eyes,
Birds are flying noisily.
I hear they live nearby.
The raven above Jacob croaked alone.
Chu! there were hundreds of them!
Hooted, the gentleman threatens with a crutch.
What passions of the Lord! The master lay in the ravine all night,
Moans of birds and wolves driving away,
In the morning the hunter saw him.
The master returned home, wailing:
- I'm a sinner, a sinner! Execute me! -
Will you, sir, be an exemplary serf,
Jacob the faithful
Remember until the day of judgment! “Sins, sins,” it was heard
From all sides. - Sorry Jacob.
Yes, it’s terrible for the gentleman. -
What a punishment he took!
- Sorry! .. - We also listened
Two or three scary stories
and heatedly argued
Who is the worst of all.
One said: taverns,
Another said: landlords,
And the third one is men.
That was Ignatius Prokhorov,
involved in the export,
Powerful and wealthy
The man is not an empty talker.
He saw all kinds
Traveled all over the county
And along and across.
You should listen to him
However, the wahlaks
So angry, did not give
Ignatius to say the words
Especially Klim Yakovlev
Courageous: “You are a fool! ..”
- And you should have listened first ... -
"A fool are you..."
- And yet you
I see fools! -
Suddenly inserted the word rude
Eremin, merchant brother,
Buying from peasants
Whatever, bast shoes,
Is it a calf, is it a lingonberry,
And most importantly - a master
watch out for the odds,
When taxes were collected
And the property of the Vakhlats
Launched with a hammer. -
Started an argument
And they didn’t miss the point!
Who is the worst of all? think! -
“Well, who is it? speak!"
- It is known who: robbers! -
And Klim answered him:
"You were not serfs,
There was a big drop.
Yes, not on your baldness!
Filled the moshna: imagining
Robbers are everywhere to him;
Robbery is a special article,
Robbery has nothing to do with it!”
- Rogue for Rogue
Stepped up! - Prasol said,
And Lavigne - lope to him!
"Pray!" - and in the teeth of prasol.
- Say goodbye to tummies! -
And prasol in Lavin's teeth.
"Hey, fight! well done!"
The peasants parted
Nobody teased
Nobody took it apart.
Hailstorms rained down:
- I'll kill you! write to your parents! -
"I'll kill you! call the priest!
So it ended that prasola
Klim squeezed his hand like a hoop,
Another grabbed my hair
And bent with the word "bow"
Merchant at your feet.
- Well, that's it! - Prasol said.
Klim released the offender,
The offender sat on a log,
Wide checkered scarf
Turned away and said:
- You win! and wonder?
Doesn't reap, doesn't plow - wanders around
According to the position of Konoval.
How not to work up strength? -
(The peasants laugh.)
"Don't you still want to? -
Klim said fervently.
- You thought not? Let's try! -
The merchant took off the chuyka carefully
And he spat in his hands. “Open the mouth of sinful
The time has come: listen!
And so I will reconcile you!” -
Suddenly Ionushka exclaimed,
All evening silently listening,
Sighing and baptized,
Humble praying mantis.
The merchant was glad; Klim Yakovlev
He was silent. sit down,
Silence fell. Of the homeless, the rootless
A lot comes across
The people in Russia
Do not reap, do not sow - feed
From the same common granary,
What feeds a small mouse
And an innumerable army:
settled peasant
Her name is Hump.
Let the people know
that entire villages
Begging in autumn
Like a profitable business
Go: in the people's conscience
Got tired of the decision
What is more misfortune here,
Than lies - they are served.
Let there be frequent cases
That the wanderer will turn out
Thief; what does the grandmother have
For Athos prosphora,
For "tears of the Virgin"
The pilgrim will lure out the yarn,
And after the women will tell
What's next Trinity-Sergius
He himself has not been.
There was an old man, wonderful singing
He captivated the hearts of the people;
With the consent of the mothers,
In the village of Steep Backwaters
Divine singing
Began to teach girls;
Red girls all winter
They locked themselves in the barn with him,
Where did the singing come from?
And more often laughter and squealing.
However, what was the end?
He didn't learn to sing
And spoiled everyone.
There are great masters
To please the ladies:
First through bab
Accessible to the girl's,
And there to the landowner.
Jingling keys, around the yard
Walks like a barin
Spitting in the face of a peasant
Praying old woman
Bent into a ram's horn!..
But he sees in the same wanderers
And the front side
People. Who builds churches?
Who are the monastery mugs
Filled over the edge?
Others don't do good
And evil is not seen behind him,
You won't understand otherwise
Fomushka is familiar to the people:
Two-pood chains
Belted around the body
In winter and summer barefoot,
Mumbling incomprehensibly,
And to live - lives like a god:
Board and stone in the head,
And food is bread alone.
Wonderful to him and memorable
Old Believer Kropilnikov,
An old man whose whole life
That will, then prison.
Came to the village of Usolovo:
Reproach the laity with godlessness,
Calls to dense forests
Save yourself. Stanovoy
Happened here, listened to everything:
"To the interrogation of the accuser!"
He is the same to him:
- You are the enemy of Christ, antichrist
Messenger! - Sotsky, headman
They blinked at the old man:
"Hey, bow down!" Not listening
They took him to prison
And he reproached the chief
And, standing on a cart,
Usolovtsy shouted: - Woe to you, woe, lost heads!
Were torn off - you will be naked,
They beat you with sticks, rods, whips
You will be beaten with iron bars! .. -Usolovtsy were baptized,
The chief beat the herald:
"Remember you, anathema,
Judge of Jerusalem!"
The guy, the driver,
The reins fell out of fright
And the hair stood on end!
And, as a sin, military
The team broke out in the morning:
In Ustoy, a nearby village,
The soldiers have arrived.
Interrogations! pacification! -
Anxiety! along the way
The Usolovets also got it:
Prophecy of the Shrew
Almost to the point did not come true. Will never be forgotten
The people of Euphrosyne.
Posad widow:
Like a messenger of God
The old lady appears
In cholera years;
Buries, heals, messes around
With the sick. Almost praying
Peasant women at her ... Knock, unknown guest!
Whoever you are, sure
In a village gate
Knock! Not suspicious
native peasant,
Thought does not originate in it,
Like people who are sufficient
At the sight of a stranger
Wretched and timid:
Wouldn't steal what?
And the women are those radekhonki.
In winter before the torch
The family sits, works,
And the stranger says.
Already in the bath he took a steam bath,
Ears with a spoon of your own,
With a blessing hand
He took a sip.
A charm walks through the veins,
Speech flows like a river.
In the hut everything seemed to freeze:
The old man who fixed the shoes
Dropped them at their feet;
The shuttle has not ticked for a long time,
The worker listened
At the loom;
Frozen already on the prick
Evgenyushka's little finger,
Master's eldest daughter,
high bump,
And the girl did not hear
How she pricked herself to the point of blood;
Sewing to the feet went down.
Sitting - pupils are dilated,
Spread her hands...
Guys hanging their heads
From the floor, do not move:
How sleepy the seals are
On the ice floes beyond Arkhangelsk,
They lie on their stomach.
No faces to be seen, hung
Down strands
Hair - no need to say.
That they are yellow.
Wait! soon stranger
Will tell the true story of Athos,
Like a Turk rebellious
Monks drove into the sea,
How the monks walked obediently
And they died by the hundreds...
Hear the whisper of terror
You will see a number of frightened,
Tears of full eyes!
A terrible moment has come -
And the hostess herself
Spindle pot-bellied
Rolled off my knees.
Vaska the cat was alert -
And jump to the spindle!
At another time, something would
Vaska got smart,
And they didn't even notice.
How he with a nimble paw
I touched the spindle
How to jump on it
And how it rolled
Until it unraveled
Tight thread! Who has seen how he listens
Of their passing wanderers
peasant family,
Understand that no work
Not eternal care
Nor the yoke of long slavery,
Not a tavern by ourselves
More Russian people
No limits set:
Before him is a wide path.
When they change the plowman
The fields are old,
Shreds in the forest outskirts
He tries to plow.
There is enough work here.
But the stripes are new
Give without fertilizer
Abundant harvest.
Soil is good
The soul of the Russian people...
O sower! come!.. Jonah (aka Lyapushkin)
Vakhlatskaya side
I've been visiting for a long time.
Not only did they not disdain
The peasants are God's wanderer,
And they argued about
Who will take him in first?
While their disputes Lyapushkin
Did not end:
"Hey! women! take out
Icons! The women took it out;
Before each icon
Jonah fell prostrate:
“Don't argue! God's work
Who looks kinder
I'll go after that!"
And often for the poorest
Ionushka walked as an icon
In the poorest hut.
And to that hut special
Reverence: women run
With knots, pans
In that hut. A cup full
By the grace of Ionushka,
She becomes. Quietly and unhurriedly
Led the story of Ionushka
About two great sinners.
Crossing ourselves fervently. For TWO GREAT SINNERS, let us pray to the Lord God,
We will announce the ancient story,
He told me in Solovki
Monk, father of Pitirim. There were twelve robbers,
There was Kudeyar-ataman,
Many robbers shed
The blood of honest Christians, They robbed a lot of wealth,
Lived in a dense forest
Leader Kudeyar from near Kyiv
He took out the beautiful girl. In the afternoon he amused himself with his mistress,
He made raids at night,
Suddenly at the fierce robber
The Lord awakened the conscience. The dream flew away; disgusted
Drunkenness, murder, robbery,
The shadows of the slain are,
A whole army - you can’t count it! I fought for a long time, resisted
God is a beast-man.
Head blew off his mistress
And the Yesaul spotted. The conscience of the villain mastered,
Disbanded his band
Distributed property to the church,
Buried a knife under a willow. And pray for sins
Goes to the tomb of the Lord
Wandering, praying, repenting,
It doesn’t get any easier for him. An old man, in monastic clothes,
The sinner came home
Lived under the canopy of the oldest
Oak, in a forest slum. Day and night of the Almighty
Pray: forgive sins!
Let your body be tortured.
Let me save my soul! God took pity and to salvation
The schemer showed the way:
An old man in prayer vigil
A certain saint appeared, Rek: “Not without God's providence
You chose the age-old oak,
With the same knife that robbed
Cut it off with the same hand! It will be a great job,
There will be a reward for labor;
The tree just collapsed
The chains of sin will fall.” The hermit measured the monster:
Oak - three girths around!
I went to work with a prayer
Cuts with a damask knife. Cuts an elastic tree,
Singing glory to the Lord
Years go - moves on
Slowly things move forward. What can you do with a giant
Frail, sick person?
We need iron strength here,
What is needed is not an senile age! Doubt creeps into the heart,
Cuts and hears the words:
"Hey old man, what are you doing?"
I crossed myself first. I looked - and Pan Glukhovsky
He sees on a greyhound horse,
Pan rich, noble,
The first in that side. A lot of cruel, terrible
The old man heard about the pan
And as a lesson to the sinner
He told his secret. Pan grinned: “Salvation
I haven't had tea for a long time
In the world I honor only a woman,
Gold, honor and wine. You have to live, old man, in my opinion:
How many slaves I destroy
I torture, I torture and hang,
And I would look at how I sleep! ”A miracle happened to the hermit:
Felt rage,
Rushed to Pan Glukhovsky,
A knife plunged into his heart! Just a bloody sir
Fell head on the saddle
A huge tree collapsed
The echo shook the whole forest. The tree collapsed, rolled down
From a monk the burden of sins! ..
Let us pray to the Lord God:
Have mercy on us, dark slaves! Jonah finished; being baptized;
The people are silent. Suddenly prasola
An angry cry broke out:
- Hey you sleepy grouse!
Pa-rum, live, pa-rum! -
“You won’t call the ferry
Until the sun! carriers
And in the afternoon they celebrate the coward,
Their ferry is thin,
Wait! About Kudeyar something ... "
- Ferry! steam-rum! steam-rum! -
He left, fiddling with the cart.
The cow is tied to her -
He kicked her;
In it the hens are cooing,
He told them: - Fools! poof! -
The calf dangles in it -
Got a calf too
An asterisk on the forehead.
Burned a Savras horse
With a whip - and moved to the Volga.
Sailed a month over the road.
Such a funny shadow
Ran next to prasol
Along the moon lane!
“I thought it over, it became, to fight something?
And to argue - sees - there is nothing, -
Vlas noticed. - Oh, my God!
Great noble sin!
- Great, but still not to be him
Against the sin of the peasant, -
Again Ignatius Prokhorov
Couldn't resist, he said.
Klim spat: “Ek impatient!
Who with what, and our tick
Native galchenyatochki
Just a mile ... Well, tell me
What is this great sin?
I walked the seas, I drove ships,
Near Achakov fought with the Turks,
Defeated him
And the empress gave him
Eight thousand souls as a reward.
In that patrimony clover
The widower-ammiral is living his life,
And he gives, dying,
Gleb the headman a golden casket.
"Goy, old man! Take care of the chest!
My will is preserved in it:
From chains-supports to freedom
Eight thousand souls are released!”
Amiral the widower lies on the table...
A distant relative is rolling to bury ...
Buried, forgotten! Calls the elder
And starts a roundabout speech with him;
He told everything, promised him
Mountains of gold, issued a free ..
Gleb - he was greedy - is tempted:
The will is burned!
For decades, until recently
Eight thousand souls were secured by the villain,
With the clan, with the tribe; what to the people!
What the people! with a stone into the water!
God forgives everything, but Judas sin
Doesn't forgive.
Oh man! man! you are the worst of all
And for that you always toil! Severe and angry.
Thunderous, menacing voice
Ignatius finished speaking.
The crowd jumped to their feet
A sigh passed, I heard:
“So here it is, the sin of the peasant!
And indeed a terrible sin!”
- And indeed: we always toil,
Oh-oh! .. - the headman himself said,
Killed again, for the better
Not a believer Vlas.
And soon succumbed
As I grieve, so do joys,
"Great sin! great sin! -
Klim echoed sadly.
Area in front of the Volga.
illuminated by the moon,
Changed suddenly.
The proud people are gone
With a confident walk
Wahlaki remained,
Not eating enough
Unsalted slurped,
Which instead of the master
The fight will be volost.
Which hunger to knock
Threatens: long drought,
And then there's the bug!
Which prasol-burning
cut the price boasts
For their hard prey.
Resin, Vakhlatsky tear, -
Cut, reproach:
“Why pay you so much?
You have unpurchased goods
Of you drowning in the sun
Resin, like from a pine tree!
The poor fell again
To the bottom of a bottomless abyss
Shut up, snuggle up
They lay down on their stomachs;
They lay, they thought
And suddenly they sang. Slowly,
As the cloud moves
The words flowed viscous.
So the song was minted
That immediately our wanderers
They remembered her: HUNGRY A man is standing -
swaying
A man is walking
Can't breathe! From its bark
swelled up,
Longing trouble
Exhausted. Darker face
Glass
Not seen
At the drunk. He walks - puffs,
Walks and sleeps
Went there
Where the rye rustles How did the idol become
On the strip
Worth singing
Without a voice: "Rise, rise,
Mother Rye!
I am your plowman
Pankratushka! Eat carpet
mountain mountain,
Eat a cheesecake
From the table is big! I'll eat everything alone,
I manage myself.
Whether mother or son
Ask - I won’t give!” “Oh, fathers, I want to eat!” -
Said in a low voice
One man; from the cave
He took out a crust - eats.
"They sing without a voice,
And to listen - trembling through the hair! -
Another guy said.
And it's true that not with a voice -
Inside - his "Hungry"
Wahlaki sang.
Another while singing
He stood up, showed
How the relaxed man walked,
How sleep filled the hungry,
How the wind blew.
And they were strict, slow
Movement. Singing "Hungry".
Shaking like broken.
Go in single file to the bucket
And the singers drank. "Dare!" - heard behind them
Diachkovo word; his son
Gregory, godson of the elder,
Suitable for countrymen.
"Do you want some vodka?" - I drank enough.
What happened to you here?
How are you lowered into the water? .. -
- "We? .. what are you? .." They alerted,
Vlas laid on the godson
A wide palm. - Bondage returned to you?
Will they drive you to the barshchina?
Have you taken away the meadows? -
- "Meadows something? .. You're kidding, brother!"
- So what has changed?
They croaked "Hungry",
Do you want to invite hunger? -
- “No way and really nothing!” -
Klim shot out like a cannon;
Many itched
Necks, whispers are heard:
“No way and really nothing!” “Drink, vahlachki, take a walk!
It's all right, everything is our way,
As expected.
Do not hang your head! ”- Is it our way Klimushka?
And Gleb something? .. - Explained
A lot: put in the mouth.
That they are not responsible
For the cursed Gleb,
It's all my fault: stand strong!
- The snake will give birth to kites.
And fasten - the sins of the landowner,
The sin of unfortunate Jacob,
Sin gave birth to Gleb!
No support - no landowner,
To the loop leading
diligent slave,
No support - no yard,
Suicide avenging
to my villain,
No support - Gleb new
Will not be in Russia! - All closer, all more joyful
Listened to Grisha Prov:
grinned, comrades
He said in a triumphant voice:
"Move on your mustache!"
Gone, the crowd picked up,
Oh strengthen the word true
To tremble: "No snake -
There will be no serpents!”
Klim Yakovlev Ignatia
He scolded again: “You are a fool!”
Almost got into a fight!
The deacon sobbed over Grisha:
“God will create a little head!
No wonder it breaks
To Moscow, to Novovorsitet!”
And Vlas stroked him:
"God bless you and silver,
And gold, give me smart,
Healthy wife!
I don't need any silver
No gold, but God forbid
So that my countrymen
And every peasant
Lived freely and cheerfully
All over holy Russia! -
Blushing like a girl
Said from the heart
Grigory - and left. It's dawning. equipping
Carriers. “Hey, Vlas Ilyich!
Come here, look who's here!" -
Ignatius Prokhorov said
Taking to the logs rolled
Doug. Suitable Vlas,
Klim Yakovlev runs after him,
Behind Klim - our wanderers
(They care about everything):
Behind the logs where the beggars
Sleep side by side from the evening,
Some kind of embarrassed lay,
Beaten man;
He has new clothes on
Yes, it's all torn.
On the neck red silk
Scarf, red shirt,
Vest and watch.
Lavigne bent down to sleep,
He looked and shouted: “Beat him!”
He kicked in the teeth with his heel.
Jumped up kid, muddy
He rubbed his eyes, and Vlas his
Meanwhile in the cheekbone.
Like a pinched rat
The kid squeaked plaintively -
And to the forest! Legs are long
Runs - the earth trembles!
Four guys rushed
In pursuit of a child
The people shouted to them: "Beat him!",
Until they disappeared into the forest
And the guys, and the fugitive. “What kind of a man? - headman
Strangers asked. -
Why is he being thrashed?” - We don’t know, it’s punished like that
We are from the village of Tiskov,
What will appear where
Egorka Shutov - beat him!
And we beat. The tickers are coming.
They will tell. Satisfied? -
The old man asked the returnees
Well done with the chase. “Caught up, led away!
Escape to Kuzma-Demyansky,
There, apparently, to cross
Strives for the Volga.” “Wonderful people! beat sleepy.
For what I don’t know about what ... ”- If the whole world knows:
"Beat!" - it became, there is a reason! -
Vlas shouted at the strangers. -
Not tyskovtsy carminers,
How long ago is the tenth
Flogged? .. No time for them to joke.
Dirty man! - Don't hit him
So who to beat?
We are not the only ones punished:
From Tiskov along the Volga
There are fourteen villages here, -
Tea, through all fourteen
Driven, as if through the ranks! -Our strangers have quieted down.
They would like to know
What's the thing? yes angry
And so uncle Vlas. It is quite light. have breakfast
The hostess' husbands were given:
Cheesecakes with cottage cheese.
Goose (driven away here
Geese; three got tired
The man carried them under his arm:
“Sell! will die before the city!” -
Bought for nothing.)
How a man drinks, interpreted
A lot, but not for everyone
Know how he eats.
Hungry for beef
Than wine, rushes.
There was a non-drinking bricklayer here,
So drunk with a goose
What is your wine!
Chu! a cry is heard: “Someone is coming!
Who is going!” pecked
Another help for the noisy
The fun of the Vahlaks.
The hay cart is coming,
High on the cart
The soldier Ovsyanikov is sitting,
Twenty miles in circumference
Familiar to men
And next to him is Ustinyushka,
Orphan-niece,
Old man support.
Grandpa was fed by Raykom,
Moscow and the Kremlin showed
Suddenly the instrument broke
But no capital!
Three yellow spoons
Bought - so do not have to
learned by heart
Sayings for new music
People will not laugh!
Heather soldier! by time
Invented new words
And the spoons went.
Rejoiced at the old
"Hey, grandpa! jump off
Have a drink with us
Yes, hit the spoons!
- I climbed up,
And how I will go, I do not know:
Leads! - "I suppose to the city
Again for a full pension?
Yes, the city burned down!
- Burned out? And serve him right!
Burned out? So I'm up to Peter! -
“Tea, will you touch the cast iron?”
The officer whistled:
- You didn't last long.
Orthodox people,
Busurman cast iron!
You were our love.
Like from Moscow to St. Petersburg
I drove for three rubles,
And if seven rubles
Pay, so to hell with you! - “And you hit the spoons, -
The elder said to the soldier,
To the people who took a sip
As long as it's enough.
Maybe things will get better.
Wield quickly, Klim!
(Vlas Klima disliked,
And a little hard business,
Immediately to him: “Work, Klim!”,
And Klim is glad of that.) They let grandfather down from the cart,
The soldier was frail on his feet,
Tall and thin to the extreme;
He is wearing a frock coat with medals
Hanging like on a pole.
It cannot be said that good
had a face, especially
When it brought the old -
Damn it! The mouth will snarl.
Eyes - like coals! The soldier hit the spoons,
What was right up to the shore
The people are running away.
Hit - and sang: Toshen light,
There is no truth
Life is boring
The pain is strong. German bullets,
Turkish bullets,
French bullets,
Russian sticks! Toshen light,
There is no bread
There is no blood.
There is no death. Well, from the redoubt, from the first number,
Well, with George - around the world, around the world! At the rich
At the rich
Almost raised
On the horn.
Fence full of nails
bristled,
And the owner, the thief,
Bumped up. The poor have no
Copper penny:
Don't cry, soldier!"
- "And do not, brother!" Toshen light,
There is no bread
There is no blood
There is no death. Only three matrons
Da Luca with Peter
I'll change it good.
Luke with Peter
sniff tobacco,
And three Matryas
We'll find a supply. At the first Matryona
Breasts are vigorous.
Matryona second
Carries loaf,
At the third water I will drink from the ladle:
Water is key, and measure is the soul! Toshen light,
There is no truth
Life is boring
The pain is strong. The serviceman twitched.
Leaning on Ustinyushka,
He raised his left leg
And began to shake it,
Like a weight on weight;
Did the same with the right
Cursed: "Life damned!" -
And suddenly he stood on both. Klim! St. Petersburg
Klim equipped the case:
On a wooden saucer
Gave it to my uncle and niece.
Put them side by side
And he jumped on a log
And shouted loudly: "Listen!"
(The servant could not stand
And often in the speech of a peasant
Inserted a well-aimed word
And he knocked on the spoons.) KlimKoloda is oak
At my yard
Lies for a long time: from youth
I chop wood on it,
So she's not so hurt
Like a gentleman.
Take a look: what is the soul! Soldier German bullets,
Turkish bullets.
French bullets,
Russian sticks. KlimA full pension
Didn't work, rejected
All the wounds of the old man;
The doctor's assistant looked
Said, “Secondary!
According to them, and a pension. "Soldier It was not ordered to issue a full:
The heart was not shot through! (The serviceman sobbed; in spoons
I wanted to hit - grimaced!
Do not be with him Ustinyushka,
The old man would have fallen.) KlimSoldat again with a petition.
They measured the wounds with tops
and appreciated each
Almost a copper penny.
So the bailiff measured
Beatings on the fights
On the men's market:
"Under the right eye abrasion
The size of two kopecks,
hole in the middle of the forehead
In the whole. Total:
For a ruble fifteen with money
Beatings ... "Let's equate
To the massacre of the market
War near Sevastopol
Where did the soldier pour blood? Soldier They didn’t move mountains,
And how they jumped on the redoubts!
Hares, squirrels, wild cats.
There I said goodbye to my legs,
From the hellish roar, the whistle was deaf,
I almost died of hunger from the Russian! Klim He would need to go to St. Petersburg
To the committee of the wounded, -
Pesh will reach Moscow
And then how? Cast iron something
Start biting! Soldier An important lady! proud lady!
Walks, hisses like a snake:
“Empty for you! empty for you! empty for you! -
The Russian village is screaming;
Snorts in the peasant's face,
Presses, maims, somersaults,
Soon all Russian people
It will sweep the broom cleaner. The soldier stomped lightly.
And heard how knocked
Dry bone on bone
But Klim was silent: he had already moved
To the serving people.
Everyone gave: a penny,
For a penny, on plates
Rublishko got drunk ... The feast is over, disperses
People. Fall asleep, stay
Under the willow our wanderers
And then Ionushka slept,
Yes, a few drunk
Not good enough for men.
Swinging, Savva with Grisha
take a parent home
And they sang; in clean air
Over the Volga, like alarms,
Consonants and strong
Thundered voices: The share of the people,
his happiness,
Light and freedom
First of all! We are a little
We ask God:
honest deal
do skillfully
Give us strength! Labor life -
Direct to friend
Road to the heart
Away from the threshold
Coward and lazy!
Is it not paradise? The share of the people,
his happiness,
Light and freedom
Primarily!