Interesting facts from the life of Vladimir Mayakovsky. Interesting facts about Vladimir Mayakovsky

The brilliant works of Vladimir Mayakovsky are truly admired by millions of his admirers. He deservedly ranks among the greatest Futurist poets of the 20th century. In addition, Mayakovsky proved to be an extraordinary playwright, satirist, film director, screenwriter, artist, and editor of several magazines. His life, multifaceted work, as well as full of love and experiences, personal relationships remain an unsolved mystery even today.

The talented poet was born in the small Georgian village of Baghdati ( Russian empire). His mother Alexandra Alekseevna belonged to a Cossack family from the Kuban, and his father Vladimir Konstantinovich worked as a simple forester. Vladimir had two brothers - Kostya and Sasha, who died in childhood, as well as two sisters - Olya and Luda.

Mayakovsky knew the Georgian language perfectly and since 1902 he studied at the gymnasium in Kutaisi. Already in his youth, he was captured by revolutionary ideas, and while studying at the gymnasium, he participated in a revolutionary demonstration.

In 1906, his father died suddenly. The cause of death was blood poisoning, which occurred as a result of a finger prick with an ordinary needle. This event so shocked Mayakovsky that in the future he completely avoided hairpins and pins, fearing the fate of his father.

In the same 1906, Alexandra Alekseevna moved to Moscow with her children. Vladimir continued his studies at the fifth classical gymnasium, where he attended classes with the poet's brother, Alexander. However, with the death of his father, the financial situation of the family deteriorated significantly. As a result, in 1908, Vladimir could not pay for his education, and he was expelled from the fifth grade of the gymnasium.

Creation

In Moscow, a young guy began to communicate with students who were fond of revolutionary ideas. In 1908, Mayakovsky decided to become a member of the RSDLP and often propagandized among the population. During 1908-1909, Vladimir was arrested three times, but due to his minority and lack of evidence, they were forced to release him.

During the investigations, Mayakovsky could not calmly be within four walls. Through constant scandals, he was often transferred to different places of detention. As a result, he ended up in Butyrskaya prison, where he spent eleven months and began to write poetry.

In 1910, the young poet was released from prison and immediately left the party. The following year, the artist Evgenia Lang, with whom Vladimir was on friendly terms, recommended that he take up painting. While studying at the School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, he met the founders of the Gileya Futurist group and joined the Cubo-Futurists.

The first work of Mayakovsky, which was printed, was the poem "Night" (1912). At the same time, the young poet made his first public appearance in the artistic basement, which was called "Stray Dog".

Vladimir, together with members of the Cubo-Futurist group, took part in a tour of Russia, where he lectured and read his poems. Soon there were positive reviews about Mayakovsky, but he was often considered outside the futurists. believed that among the futurists Mayakovsky was the only true poet.

The first collection of the young poet "I" was published in 1913 and consisted of only four poems. This year also marks the writing of the rebellious poem "Nate!", In which the author challenges the entire bourgeois society. The following year, Vladimir created a touching poem "Listen", which struck readers with its colorfulness and sensitivity.

Attracted a brilliant poet and dramaturgy. The year 1914 was marked by the creation of the tragedy "Vladimir Mayakovsky", presented to the public on the stage of the St. Petersburg theater "Luna-Park". At the same time, Vladimir acted as its director, as well as a performer. leading role. The main motive of the work was the rebellion of things, which connected the tragedy with the work of the futurists.

In 1914, the young poet firmly decided to voluntarily enlist in the army, but his political unreliability frightened the authorities. He did not get to the front and, in response to neglect, wrote a poem "To you", in which he gave his assessment of the tsarist army. In addition, the brilliant works of Mayakovsky soon appeared - “A cloud in pants” and “War is declared”.

The following year, the fateful meeting of Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky with the Brik family took place. From now on, his life was a single whole with Lilya and Osip. From 1915 to 1917, thanks to the patronage of M. Gorky, the poet served in an automobile school. And although he, being a soldier, did not have the right to publish, Osip Brik came to his aid. He acquired two poems by Vladimir and soon published them.

At the same time, Mayakovsky plunged into the world of satire and in 1915 published in the New Satyricon a cycle of works called Hymns. Soon two large collections of works appeared - “Simple as a lowing” (1916) and “Revolution. Poetochronika (1917).

October revolution great poet met at the headquarters of the uprising in Smolny. He immediately began to cooperate with the new government and participated in the first meetings of cultural figures. It should be noted that Mayakovsky led a detachment of soldiers who arrested General P. Secretev, who led the automobile school, although he had previously received the medal “For Diligence” from his hands.

The years 1917-1918 were marked by the release of several works by Mayakovsky dedicated to revolutionary events (for example, “Ode to the Revolution”, “Our March”). On the first anniversary of the revolution, the play "Mystery Buff" was presented.

Mayakovsky was also fond of filmmaking. In 1919, three films were released, in which Vladimir acted as an actor, screenwriter and director. At the same time, the poet began to cooperate with ROSTA and worked on propaganda and satirical posters. In parallel, Mayakovsky worked in the newspaper Art of the Commune.

In addition, in 1918 the poet created the Komfut group, the direction of which can be described as communist futurism. But already in 1923, Vladimir organized another group - the Left Front of the Arts, as well as the corresponding magazine LEF.

At this time, several bright and memorable works of the brilliant poet were created: “About this” (1923), “Sevastopol - Yalta” (1924), “Vladimir Ilyich Lenin” (1924). We emphasize that while reading the last poem in Bolshoi Theater attended himself. After Mayakovsky's speech, a standing ovation followed, which lasted 20 minutes. In general, the years civil war turned out for Vladimir best time, which he mentioned in the poem "Good!" (1927).

No less important and intense was the period of frequent travel for Mayakovsky. During 1922-1924 he visited France, Latvia and Germany, to which he devoted several works. In 1925, Vladimir went to America, visiting Mexico City, Havana and many US cities.

The beginning of the 20s was marked by a stormy controversy between Vladimir Mayakovsky and. The latter at that time joined the Imagists - implacable opponents of the futurists. In addition, Mayakovsky was a poet of the revolution and the city, and Yesenin in his work extolled the village.

However, Vladimir could not but recognize the unconditional talent of his opponent, although he criticized him for his conservatism and addiction to alcohol. In a sense, they were kindred spirits - quick-tempered, vulnerable, in constant search and despair. They were united even by the theme of suicide, which was present in the work of both poets.

During 1926-1927, Mayakovsky created 9 screenplays. In addition, in 1927 the poet resumed the activities of the LEF magazine. But a year later he left the magazine and the corresponding organization, finally disappointed in them. In 1929, Vladimir founded the REF group, but the following year he left it and became a member of the RAPP.

At the end of the 1920s, Mayakovsky again turned to dramaturgy. He is preparing two plays: Bedbug (1928) and Bathhouse (1929), designed specifically for the Meyerhold theater stage. They thoughtfully combine the satirical presentation of the reality of the 1920s with a look into the future.

Meyerhold compared Mayakovsky's talent to the genius of Molière, but critics greeted his new works with devastating comments. In "Bedbug" they found only artistic flaws, but even accusations of an ideological nature were made against "Banya". Many newspapers carried extremely offensive articles, some of which had headlines "Down with Mayakovism!"

The fatal year of 1930 began for the greatest poet with numerous accusations from his colleagues. Mayakovsky was told that he was not a true "proletarian writer", but only a "fellow traveler". But, despite the criticism, in the spring of that year, Vladimir decided to take stock of his activities, for which he organized an exhibition called "20 years of work."

The exhibition displayed all the multifaceted achievements of Mayakovsky, but brought continuous disappointment. Neither the former colleagues of the poet at the LEF, nor the top party leadership visited her. It was a cruel blow, after which a deep wound remained in the soul of the poet.

Death

In 1930, Vladimir was ill a lot and was even afraid of losing his voice, which would put an end to his performances on stage. The personal life of the poet turned into an unsuccessful struggle for happiness. He was very lonely, because the Briks, his constant support and consolation, went abroad.

Attacks from all sides fell on Mayakovsky with a heavy moral burden, and the poet's vulnerable soul could not stand it. On April 14, Vladimir Mayakovsky shot himself in the chest, which caused his death.

Grave of Vladimir Mayakovsky

After the death of Mayakovsky, his works fell under an unspoken ban and were hardly published. In 1936, Lilya Brik wrote a letter to I. Stalin himself with a request to help preserve the memory of the great poet. In his resolution, Stalin praised the achievements of the deceased and gave permission for the publication of Mayakovsky's works and the creation of a museum.

Personal life

The love of Mayakovsky's life was Lilya Brik, whom he met in 1915. The young poet at that time met with her sister, Elsa Triolet, and one day the girl brought Vladimir to the Briks' apartment. There, Mayakovsky first read the poem "A Cloud in Pants", and then solemnly dedicated it to Lilya. Surprisingly, the prototype of the heroine of this poem was the sculptor Maria Denisova, with whom the poet fell in love in 1914.

Soon, an affair broke out between Vladimir and Lilya, while Osip Brik turned a blind eye to his wife's passion. Lilya became Mayakovsky's muse, it was to her that he dedicated almost all of his love poems. He expressed the boundless depth of his feelings for Brik in the following works: “Flute-Spine”, “Man”, “To Everything”, “Lilichka!” and etc.

The lovers together participated in the filming of the film Chained by Film (1918). Moreover, since 1918, Briki and the great poet began to live together, which quite fit into the marriage-love concept that existed at that time. They changed their place of residence several times, but each time they settled together. Often, Mayakovsky even supported the Brikov family, and from all trips abroad he always brought luxurious gifts to Lily (for example, a Renault car).

Despite the poet's boundless affection for Lilichka, there were other lovers in his life, even those who bore him children. In 1920, Mayakovsky had a close relationship with the artist Lilya Lavinskaya, who gave him a son, Gleb-Nikita (1921-1986).

1926 was marked by another fateful meeting. Vladimir met Ellie Jones, an emigrant from Russia, who bore him a daughter, Elena-Patricia (1926-2016). Also, a fleeting relationship connected the poet with Sofya Shamardina and Natalya Bryukhanenko.

In addition, in Paris, an outstanding poet met with an emigrant Tatyana Yakovleva. The feelings that flared up between them gradually grew stronger and promised to turn into something serious and lasting. Mayakovsky wanted Yakovleva to come to Moscow, but she refused. Then in 1929, Vladimir decided to go to Tatiana, but problems with obtaining a visa became an insurmountable obstacle for him.

The last love of Vladimir Mayakovsky was a young and married actress Veronika Polonskaya. The poet demanded that the 21-year-old girl leave her husband, but Veronica did not dare to make such serious changes in her life, because the 36-year-old Mayakovsky seemed to her contradictory, impulsive and unstable.

Difficulties in relations with a young lover pushed Mayakovsky to a fatal step. She was the last person Vladimir saw before his death and tearfully asked her not to go to the scheduled rehearsal. No sooner had the door closed behind the girl than the fatal shot rang out. Polonskaya did not dare to come to the funeral, because the poet's relatives considered her to be the culprit in the death of a loved one.

Until now, the personality of the poet causes a lot of controversy, but the fact that he was a genius of the word cannot be denied. He was called the "herald of the revolution", and all his life he lived under the slogan, which he voiced in one of his poems:

Always shine
shine everywhere, until the days of the last bottom,
shine -
and no nails!
Here is my slogan - and the sun!

"Evening" collected the most interesting facts from the life of the famous rebel poet.

1. Mayakovsky has always been a favorite of women, he skillfully used his popularity, but his main muse and love was Lily Yuryevna Brik. The poet gave his beloved a ring with the girl's initials engraved inside. "LOVE" has become an endless declaration of love: "LOVE".

2. Vladimir Mayakovsky had a phobia of contracting a disease. It is believed that the death of his father influenced the poet in this way - he died from a prick with a simple pin. Mayakovsky always carried a soap dish with him and washed his hands at every opportunity.

3. Because of the poetic "ladder", which Mayakovsky himself came up with and which later became his calling card, many of the poet's colleagues accused him of cheating: after all, at that time, newspapers paid fees precisely for the number of lines, and not for characters.

4. The poet was a passionate gambler. He loved billiards and cards, and was not afraid to play Russian roulette. By the way, there is a version that it was the loss of “Russian roulette” that caused the death of Mayakovsky - after all, the circumstances of his death are still not completely clear.

5. Few people know that Mayakovsky was closely associated not only with literature, but also with the cinema that was emerging in Russia. He wrote scripts and played a couple of roles. Unfortunately, only fragments of one film have come down to us, where you can look at the poet - this is “The Young Lady and the Hooligan”.

6. Vladimir Mayakovsky traveled many times abroad with tours, including not only Europe (France, Germany), but also America, which was an absolute exotic for Soviet man that time. Many poems were also born from these travels.

7. Mayakovsky also had an unhappy love - for the Russian emigrant Tatyana Yakovleva. The novel did not work out, but the poet wrote a wonderful poem “Letter to Tatyana Yakovleva”. There is also such a beautiful Parisian legend associated with Mayakovsky's enthusiasm for Yakovleva: before leaving for his homeland, the poet deposited his entire Parisian fee on the account of one flower company, provided that once a week Yakovleva would receive the most beautiful bouquet with a note - "From Mayakovsky." And for many years, even after the death of the poet himself, the flowers kept coming and coming. And it was they who saved the life of Mayakovsky's beloved during the occupation of Paris by the Nazis - a woman was selling bouquets, fleeing starvation.

Always shine
shine everywhere, until the days of the last bottom,
shine -
and no nails!
Here is my slogan - and the sun!

"Evening" collected the most interesting facts from the life of the famous rebel poet.

3. Because of the poetic “ladder”, which Mayakovsky himself invented and which later became his calling card, many of the poet’s colleagues accused him of cheating: after all, at that time, newspapers paid fees precisely for the number of lines, and not for signs.

6. Vladimir Mayakovsky traveled many times abroad with tours, including not only Europe (France, Germany), but also America, which was an absolute exotic for a Soviet person of that time. Many poems were also born from these travels.

7. Mayakovsky also had an unhappy love - for the Russian emigrant Tatyana Yakovleva. The novel did not work out, but the poet wrote a wonderful poem “Letter to Tatyana Yakovleva”. There is also such a beautiful Parisian legend associated with Mayakovsky’s enthusiasm for Yakovleva: before leaving for his homeland, the poet deposited his entire Parisian fee on the account of one flower company, provided that once a week Yakovleva would receive the most beautiful bouquet with a note - “From Mayakovsky”. And for many years, even after the death of the poet himself, the flowers kept coming and coming. And it was they who saved the life of Mayakovsky's beloved during the occupation of Paris by the Nazis - a woman was selling bouquets, fleeing starvation.

The creators of the historical portal website and Organic Religion detox juices have joined forces and prepared an unusual educational and health project - "Diletox", dedicated to famous figures of art and politics, as well as the cult healthy lifestyle life in modern society.
In support of the project, Organic Religion released a branded collection of detox juices with ironic portraits famous people on the labels, which went on sale on December 1, 2015.

In 2013, Russia celebrated the 120th anniversary of the birth of Mayakovsky. Sociological polls conducted at that time showed that the most famous works Mayakovsky are "The Black Man" and "A Poet in Russia is More Than a Poet". Their authors, in fact, are Sergei Yesenin and Evgeny Yevtushenko.

Mayakovsky's muse for many years was Lilya Brik

Mayakovsky's muse for many years was Lilya Brik, to whom the poet dedicated most of his works. For a long time, Mayakovsky lived with Lilya and her husband Osip. It was love for three.

Mayakovsky never married, but at least two of his children are known. So, the poet was the father of the famous sculptor Nikita Lavlinsky.

Mayakovsky was in demand as the hero of a whole series of literary anecdotes. In them, along with him, Sergei Yesenin, Alexander Pushkin and Mikhail Lermontov often appear. However, Mayakovsky significantly surpasses them in the number of jokes composed about him.

He was an ardent supporter of the ideas of communism and supported the Bolsheviks, for which he was regularly attacked by his colleagues. Mayakovsky himself considered himself a "prolitarian poet". By the way, one of his most famous poems is called “Vladimir Lenin”.

In the late 1920s, Mayakovsky supported an anti-religious campaign. The poet took part in the congress of the Union of Militant Atheists and wrote the poem "We Must Fight", in which he branded believers with shame.

The memorial service for Mayakovsky lasted three days. During this time, the House of Writers did not have time to accept everyone who wanted to say goodbye to the poet. The coffin with the body of Mayakovsky was carried to the Donskoy cemetery to the singing of the Internationale.

A memorial service for Mayakovsky lasted three days

Along with Byron, Rambo, Belinsky and others, he is a member of the infamous Club 37. It includes poets and writers who died or perished either at the age of 37, or at the 37th year of life.

Now they have already begun to forget about this, but Mayakovsky acted in films a lot and actively. And, as a rule, in those films for which he himself wrote scripts. True, most of these paintings either did not survive at all, or have come down to us only in fragments.

Mayakovsky acted in films a lot and actively

Many streets, squares, enterprises and other objects are named after Mayakovsky. But there is an unfortunate tradition of assigning his name to motor ships. Ships named after the poet, as a rule, ended up at the bottom.

Mayakovsky was a suspicious person. He was terribly afraid of getting infected and dying from some kind of disease, and therefore he always carried a soap dish with him and washed his hands at every opportunity.

There is an opinion that Mayakovsky invented his famous poetic "ladder" for selfish purposes. The fact is that at the beginning of the 20th century, newspaper fees were paid not for the number of characters, but for the number of lines.

Mayakovsky's father died either from a needle prick or from a splinter. Vladimir Mayakovsky Sr. did not take action, so the small wound eventually led to blood poisoning.

Mayakovsky went to jail three times

Mayakovsky went to prison three times. The first time this happened was in 1908. He was arrested and sentenced to a short term for agitating the ideas of communism among the workers.

April is coming to an end... I wonder if anyone else remembers that it was in this month (April 14, 1930) that the great master of short chopped verse, Vladimir Mayakovsky, could do it? We decided to honor his memory by reminding readers of some interesting facts from the life of the Russian poet.

1. Few people know, but Mayakovsky was born in Georgia, although his parents were not Georgians (his mother was generally from the Kuban Cossacks).
2. In addition to Vladimir, two girls were born in the family - his younger sisters Olga and Lyudmila, and two more boys - Alexander and Konstantin. However, both of his brothers left this mortal world in childhood.
3. After the death of his father from blood poisoning, Vladimir Mayakovsky formed, which continued throughout his life: a bold, arrogant, outrageous, revolutionary wartime poet was terribly afraid of being pricked with a needle or pin.
4. Mayakovsky did not finish school: he was expelled "for poverty."
5. The great poet was arrested three times for revolutionary sentiments. At the same time, in prison, he showed himself to be such a brawler that the guards were forced to transfer him from unit to unit, and as a result, lock him up.

6. Mayakovsky not only wrote poetry, he also tried himself in other types of creativity: at the suggestion of a girlfriend, he painted, then staged plays, wrote scripts and directed films, acted in films and edited magazines. Meanwhile, he loved not only creativity, but also gambling, because he was the most passionate person: he played billiards very well, almost professionally. Although rare, but for the money.

7. Having a spiritual inclination towards cruel, imperious, fatal women, Vladimir Mayakovsky had the most tender feelings for Lila Brik. Few, however, remember that this lady was married and very materialistic. The poet did not reciprocate. However, his fame and fame flattered her, and, seeing the breadth of Mayakovsky's romantic nature, Brik begged him for expensive gifts from abroad in her letters. Despite the presence of a husband, she had an affair with both Vladimir and the head of Prombank at the same time.

8. From time to time, Mayakovsky tried to give up his vicious love in favor of other women. Among his mistresses were Tatyana Yakovleva, Sofya Shamardina, Veronika Polonskaya (also married) and Natalya Bryukhanenko. Yakovleva, by order of the poet, brought flowers every day until her death.
9. Due to the stinginess of the syllable of his poetic "ladder", other poets accused Mayakovsky of fraud, because. at that time, poets were paid according to the number of lines.
10. Finally, despite the suicide note, many, after his sudden and tragic death, doubted that he really committed suicide. Such an act turned out to be too unexpected for everyone who knew Mayakovsky closely. There were rumors that one of the “horned” husbands offended by him dealt with the poet. Unfounded, however, because Willy-nilly, Veronika Polonskaya, whom he affectionately called Nora, became a witness to his dying loneliness.