Examples of formal business style sentences. Business style of speech: examples of texts and meaning

Formal business style in life is much more common than you might think. You see it in instructions, in any documents of organizations (whether state or commercial), in legislative acts, in methodological developments etc.

The main function of this style is informing - the message is extremely accurate and concise information. Therefore, the information saturation of texts written in official business style is very high, although it is difficult to perceive.

Read about all styles of speech (text).

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Characteristics of the official business style

Among the main style features are the following:

informative orientation - in order to remain in the exclusively administrative and legal sphere of activity;
accuracy and standardity of formulations - sometimes to the detriment of ease of perception;
rigid logical structure and sentences, and the text itself as a whole;
lack of emotionality and evaluativeness - in texts written in an official business style, there are either facts or well-founded hypotheses, and a subjective approach to the things stated is completely excluded.

On the language levels style features appear as follows:

in vocabulary - as a rule, the texts use mainly words and terms of official business sphere;
in morphology - clericalism and language clichés (set expressions) are actively exploited; complex prepositions;
in syntax - the texts of the named style are composed mainly of considerable length, voluminous sentences, as a rule, complex and in various ways complicated.

Formal business style: analysis of examples

Let's analyze examples of our style so that its features become clearer.

An excerpt from the document:

According to the Civil Code Russian Federation, a limited liability company (hereinafter - LLC) is recognized as approved by one or more persons commercial organization, authorized capital which is divided into shares defined founding documents. Unlike joint-stock company, the right to a share is confirmed not by a security, a share, but only by a certificate, which, in accordance with the charter of an LLC, can be issued to its participants and founders.

1 . In vocabulary of the above passage, the following layers can be distinguished:

words that are commonly used: participants, documents, society, persons, limited;
terms: shares, limited liability company, code, founder, authorized capital, share, commercial organization;
speech cliches: according to the code, as opposed to, in accordance with.

2. Let's analyze the morphology specified passage from the document. The following points should be highlighted here:

verbal nouns prevail: organization, founders, participants;
often there are nouns with the general meaning of persons: persons, participants;
stringing nouns in the creative and genitive case: Unlike a joint-stock company, the right to a share is confirmed not by a security, a share, but only by a certificate, which, in accordance with the charter of an LLC, can be issued to its founders;
the predominance of participles and gerunds over verbs.

3. Syntax. There are also interesting points here:

sentences, as a rule, are voluminous (in this case, we have two such sentences, and they completely make up the above passage);
direct word order is used in the sentences: a limited liability company is recognized ..., the authorized capital ... is divided;
according to the purpose of the statement in the above passage, all sentences are narrative;
a complex sentence is additionally complicated, firstly, participial turnovers(defined by constituent documents), and secondly, homogeneous members (According to the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, a limited liability company (hereinafter - LLC) is recognized as a commercial organization approved by one or more persons, the authorized capital of which is divided into shares).

An excerpt from the document:

During the war in 45 out of 77 houses survived in Borovoye. Collective farmers had 4 cows, 3 heifers, 13 sheep, 3 pigs. Most of the gardens household plots, as well as an orchard with a total area of 2.7 hectares, belonging to the Krasnaya Zarya collective farm, were cut down. The damage caused by the Nazi invaders to the property of the collective farm and collective farmers is estimated at approximately 230,700 rubles.
By the time our military units arrived, there were 64 out of 370 residents in the village.
There were cases of forcible removal of residents to work for the occupiers ... At present, it has been completely restored in the village. Borovoye farm of the collective farm "Krasnaya Zarya".

1. In vocabulary note the following layers:

words of common use: survived, residents, gardens.
terms and established expressions: damage, removal, total area, Nazi invaders.
frequent speech clichés: they remained in stock, the damage caused is calculated, they took place, most of the gardens.
despite the rare inversion (there were cases of forced removal), the order of words, most often, is direct: most of the gardens ... turned out to be cut down, the damage ... is calculated, the inhabitants ... were numbered;
a large number of numerals expressing statistical data: there were 4 cows, 3 heifers, 13 sheep, 3 pigs.

2. Parsing the morphology the quoted passage. As you can see, in this example, the same as in the first:

verbal nouns and nouns with an abstract meaning prevail: removal, work, occupiers, arrival, time, damage;
nouns that have general meaning persons: residents, occupiers, collective farmers;
there is a stringing of nouns in the instrumental and genitive case: the damage caused by the Nazi invaders to the property of the collective farm and collective farmers.

3. In syntax the following points should be noted:

sentences are cumbersome, as a rule, dryly informative;
word order is used direct: caused by the Nazi invaders of the property of the collective farm and collective farmers;
according to the purpose of the statement, which is usually narrative, and according to intonation, non-exclamatory.

In conclusion, it should be noted that the official business style is one of the most insidious. His formulations are so perfect that they are firmly embedded in the memory, and therefore clericalism and language clichés actively penetrate into books, making them look like a bad translation from a foreign language.

Remember: the facelessness and detachment of business style vocabulary for good literature is a great evil. what words and expressions you choose for your stories and novels. And if clericalism has penetrated into them, drive them out mercilessly!

Five Basic Speech Styles

So, as mentioned above, any text that you create can be attributed to one of the five styles of speech. Here they are:

scientific style

Journalistic style

Art style

Formal business style

Conversational style

Note: different kinds texts tend to refer to different styles, although they may describe the same object. Let's look at an example. Suppose you need to write a text about washing machine. How can you write it:

You write a review with key features (scientific style)

You write a sales text (conversational style)

You are writing an SEO article for a blog (journalistic style)

You are writing hypnotic text (art style)

You write offer(formal business style)

However, for greater objectivity, we will not dwell on the washing machine today, but simply consider all five styles of speech with various examples.

1. Scientific style of speech

The scientific style is characterized by strict writing requirements, which are described in more detail in the article “An example of a scientific text. Scientific style: tips and tricks. In this article, the scientific style example will be more concise, but if you are interested in a detailed version, you can find it on this page.

The scientific style is used among scientists as well as in the educational environment. A distinctive feature of the scientific style lies in its objectivity and a comprehensive approach to the issue under consideration. Theses, hypotheses, axioms, conclusions, monotonous coloring and patterns - this is what characterizes the scientific style.

2. Journalistic style of speech

Unlike the scientific style, the journalistic style is more controversial and ambiguous. Its main feature is that it is used for "brainwashing" in the media, and, therefore, it is initially biased and contains the author's assessment of ongoing events, phenomena or objects. Publicistic style is widely used for manipulation. Let's look at examples.

For example, in the village of Experimentalovo, a local resident, Uncle Vanya, conducted a series of tests of a new chemical preparation on a chicken, as a result of which it began to lay golden eggs. Now let's see how the journalistic style can convey this information to us:

3. Artistic style of speech

When you are overtired by the dryness of the scientific style or the duplicity of the journalistic style, when you want to breathe in the lightness of something beautiful, bright and rich, overflowing with images and an unforgettable range of emotional shades, then the artistic style comes to your aid.

So, the art style is "watercolor" for the writer. It is characterized by images, colors, emotions and sensuality.

4. Official business style of speech

The official business style is the style of all business documents: letters, complaints, statements, regulations, and so on. Like the scientific style, it is characterized by strict rules, more about which can be found in the article “Formal business style. Examples and principles of creating business texts.

The main characteristics of the business style are accuracy, pedantry to details, and imperativeness. This style focuses on the transfer of information, does not allow ambiguity and, unlike the scientific style, may contain first and second person pronouns.

5. Conversational style of speech

Conversational style is most characteristic of the modern Internet. With the massive emergence of blogs, it has become dominant on the Web and leaves its mark not only in web journalism, but also in sales texts, slogans, etc.

Conversational style, in fact, blurs the boundaries between the author and the reader. It is characterized by naturalness, looseness, emotionality, its own specific vocabulary and adjustment to the recipient of information.

An example of a scientific style of speech.

Based on the results of the experiment, it can be concluded that the object has a soft homogeneous structure, freely transmits light and can change a number of its parameters when exposed to a potential difference in the range from 5 to 33,000 V. The studies also showed that the object irreversibly changes its molecular structure. structure under the influence of temperatures above 300 K. Under mechanical action on the object with a force of up to 1000 N, no visible changes in the structure are observed.

An example of a journalistic style of speech.

Incredible discovery! A resident of a remote village Experimentalovo invented new drug that makes chickens lay golden eggs! The secret, over which the greatest alchemists of the world fought for centuries, is finally revealed by our compatriot! So far, no comments have been received from the inventor, he, in this moment, is in a strong binge, but it can be unequivocally said that the discoveries of such patriots will definitely stabilize the economy of our country and strengthen its position on the world stage as a leader in the field of gold mining and the production of gold products for decades to come.

Example artistic style speech.

Sidorovich did not sleep well at night, every now and then, waking up to thunder and flashing lightning. It was one of those terrible nights when you want to wrap yourself up under the covers, sticking your nose out for air, and imagine that you are in a hut in the wild steppe hundreds of kilometers from the nearest city.

Suddenly, out of nowhere, the palm of his wife, who was sleeping next to him, passed over Sidorovich's ear:

“Sleep already, you fucking traveler,” she groaned, smacking her tongue sleepily.

Sidorovich turned away offendedly, pouting. He was thinking about Taiga...

An example of a formal business style of speech.

I, Ivanov Ivan Ivanovich, express my sincere gratitude to the employees of the company LLC "Primer", in particular, Sidorov S.S. and Pupkov V.V. for the high level of service quality and the prompt settlement of all disputes right on the spot and I ask you to encourage them in accordance with the terms of the collective agreement of LLC "Primer".

An example of a conversational style of speech.

Have you ever thought about what would happen if the Earth switched places with Jupiter? I'm serious! Would New Vasyuki appear on his rings? Of course not! They're made of gas! Have you ever bought into such blatant nonsense for a minute? I don't believe in my life! And if the moon fell into the Pacific Ocean, how much would its level rise? You probably think that I am a rare bore, but if I do not ask these questions, then who will?

The Russian language allows you to express your thoughts in five different ones, each of which is something special and is used in a particular field of activity. In the administrative and public - official business style of speech is used, applied both in written and oral form.

In contact with

Peculiarities

This style has pronounced characteristics, which are clearly seen in the morphology and syntax of texts. Style features the following:

Concerning lexical features, then there are only three of them:

A certain set of lexical phrases and the use of official words: prescribe, allow, notify, plaintiff, law, etc.
Dry vocabulary, full of purely clerical expressions: there is a place to be, etc.
The use of set phrases: based on, taking into account, etc.

Important! Despite the necessary impersonality, these texts allow the use of first person verbs and pronouns.

Syntactic constructions- these are the signs that easily allow the reader to determine the type of presentation. This type of texts has several characteristic syntactic features:

Presence of small structures simple sentences, absence homogeneous members sentences or introductory words.
High structural standardization - each type of document has its own structural features. So, all statements begin with a stamp at the top of the sheet, and all protocols are characterized by signatures at the end of the document.

This form of presentation of ideas is quite actively used in different areas vital activity. Everyone should be able to use it, since any relationship with organizations take place in business language.

Usage

The scope of application is extremely narrow, and at the same time quite extensive. Examples of text of this nature are often found in government organizations and are divided into:

Legislative level - legislative documents, official papers, charters, rules.
Everyday business level - official correspondence, private office work.

Both types are used in different areas:

jurisprudence;
economy;
politics;
business;
international relations;
marketing.

An example of official business style documents is office and official papers, starting with explanatory and ending with the Constitution.

Cliche

As in any other, in an official business text there are some clichés. Usually, the use of such stamps is considered unacceptable and negative.

Stamps are words that are overused and have an indefinite meaning (defined, therefore, some), deforming the meaning, or losing it altogether in an abundance of unnecessary phrases.

In spite of negative meaning stamps, they can and should be used in business conversations and papers. It was stated above that business speech uses standards as the main means of language. The presence of a certain standard or stamp at times simplifies creation and filling all questionnaires, forms and other documents.

Important! In such forms, it is unacceptable to freely express one's thoughts: the secretary cannot be answered in business correspondence“We are waiting for an answer, like a nightingale of summer” - this is unacceptable.

Official speech, standard situations - all this determines essence and purpose of such documents, as well as their clear structure and arrangement of all elements of the proposal. It does not allow:

conversational elements;
poeticisms;
archaisms;
emotional words and colorings;
artistic elements: hyperboles, metaphors, etc.;

Any text of this category, which is correctly built in terms of grammar and vocabulary, is correct and fully complies with the requirements of the official business style of speech. And if it contains the above elements, even with the correct structure, it is perceived as incorrect. Standardness in this type of speech is a lexical feature, and has its own markers, for example:

to fine;
express gratitude;
call to account;
put forward an argument;
be responsible;
delivery notice.

Thus, cliches in general are a negative phenomenon, but their use in this category acceptable and even welcome.

However, there is another side to the excessive use of clericalism - texts must carry information, despite the use of many clichés.

Therefore, you should carefully proofread all papers to make sure that the recipient and reader get the necessary information load from them.

Style Text Analysis

Any text is subject to analysis to determine the style to which it belongs and other features. Examples of texts can be found in legislative documents, official notices and other official papers. To define a style, analyze text:

Reveal style features:

accurate presentation of information and detailed;
the severity of the composition;
lack of expression and emotion.

Lexical features:

use of special terminology;
an abundance of bureaucracy (taking into account, have the right);
words of necessity and duty.

Morphological features:

use and verbs in the present tense;
frequent use of verbal nouns;
naming people based on their actions.

Syntactic:

high particularity of homogeneous members;
the presence of complicated sentences;
frequent use of the genitive;
use of passive and impersonal constructions;
the presence of simple unemotional sentences;
direct word order.

If all these features are found in the text, then it belongs to the official business style. Examples of texts of a similar plan are found in educational literature, stationery and personal documents. For example, an autobiography is often written in a similar language, and certain rules should be followed when writing it:

Structured text: each important date starts with a paragraph and is followed by a new paragraph, the date is always indicated at the end of the document.
Strict observance of the chronological sequence, from birth to last year before writing the document, illogical transitions are not allowed.
Conciseness: the autobiography is not written on more than 2-3 pages.
A statement of accurate, reliable facts that can always be confirmed by evidence papers.

When writing a biography use of words from other styles is allowed, but the presence of cliches is welcome. Often you can find autobiographies in a completely artistic style, but such a document is more like an autobiographical story than a dry statement of facts.

Dialog

Oral speech can also be delivered in a business style. Compliance with the cliché of the official style is also welcomed in dialogues, despite the fact that the usual arrangement of information on papers differs from oral speech.

She is usually full of emotion and rather asymmetrical. If oral speech is emphatically logical, the communication environment is clearly official.

Main characteristic oral business communication is the flow of a conversation in a positive way in the key of sympathy, respect or goodwill. Oral speech differs depending on the varieties of style:

clerical and business - oral speech is full of clericalism and cliches, but it also allows the use of ordinary, non-business words;
public administration - the use of phraseological units, anarchisms, slang expressions and other non-business style words.

To main features oral official speech include:

brevity;
accuracy;
influence;
corresponding words;
well-designed structures;
correct syntax;
standardization of mentally prepared speech.

Oral business speech cannot be emotional. good example the following business dialogue can serve:

- Hello!

- Hello. How can I help you?

— I would like to submit my resume to your company.

- You have higher education?

— Yes, I graduated from the university with a degree in Management.

Are you familiar with our terms and conditions?

— Yes, in full.

- Good. Then take your resume and other documents, and come tomorrow at 9:00 to the main office for an interview. All the best!

- Thanks. Goodbye.

Official business style in Russian, examples where it is applied

We study speech styles in Russian - official business style

Conclusion

Business speech may seem boring and dry at first glance, but when mastering it, it becomes clear that it is as rich as artistic speech, just the scope of its application requires certain conditions and rules, to which it corresponds. Formal business style is feature of the state and business sphere, and sooner or later you will have to learn to own it in order to become a full-fledged member of society.

Business text style. Character traits formal vocabulary. The style of official correspondence. Features, examples. What is the difference between the business format of text and speech and the colloquial or literary one? Samples, letter templates (10+)

Business style text writing

the main objective business language- accurately and clearly convey the meaning of what was said to the interlocutor or reader. Everything else is secondary. The formal text should be clear and easy to read. Strive for the beauty of a formal text is not worth it, it's not work of fiction. Writing a beautiful business text is not given to everyone, and there is no point in this.

Examples of documents in business style

Don't aim for brevity. Brevity is useful only in addition to being informative and readable. If you need to write a few more lines to understand the exact meaning, be sure to write them. Imagine a person who will read your text. Look at the text through his eyes. Make the text easy to read for this person. Think about what questions the reader may have, what explanations you would need if you were in his place. Apply everything at once necessary materials and provide any necessary explanations.

To the official text, if it has sufficient volume, it makes sense to make appendices. In the main text, state the essence of the issue, in the appendices, provide justifications. This text is much easier to read.

We write official texts in order to get or achieve something from someone. When starting a text, focus on your goal, make the text so that it leads to it in the shortest way. Then the text will turn out good.

When writing a formal text, clearly formulate the goal, with which you are writing a document, and write this goal on paper (type it on a computer) so that it (the goal) is in front of your eyes. Always remember the goal. Don't go off topic. In your document, you need to enter only what is needed to achieve the goal for which this document was written. Don't need any digressions, appeals, slogans, jokes and other lexical noise.

In official texts, the display of emotions is inappropriate and harms the quality. For example, it is perfectly acceptable to write: "I was unpleasantly surprised that your manager did not give me a discount as a regular customer." Here you say that you reasonably expected a discount and did not receive it. But you shouldn't write like this: "Yesterday I visited your store, asked the manager for a discount. But he didn't give it to me. I was so upset that I didn't sleep all night. It's such a stress for me."

Do not confuse the official writing style with legal, journalistic, literary and others. For them, completely different requirements and canons have been developed. Don't mix styles. For reference, this text is written in a journalistic style. Examples of documents in official business style at the end of the article.

Pronouns

When using pronouns, remember the rule that pronouns male("he", "who", ...) can be replaced by a masculine noun, which was used in the text last, pronouns female("she", "which", ...) can be replaced by the very last feminine noun, and neuter pronouns ("it", "which", ...) can be replaced by the last neuter noun. Pronouns plural should refer to the last listed objects.

For example: Barack Obama and his wife are the perfect couple. They are blacks. He is a successful politician, she is a green technology activist, cultivating an ecological garden that she planted in front of the White House.

You shouldn't write like this: Barack Obama, his wife and their dog are usually walking together. They are the perfect couple (probably with a dog). He is a successful politician, she (probably a dog) is a green technology activist, cultivates an ecological garden.

Third person pronouns in official texts should not be abused, as they make it difficult to read anyway (remember the main purpose of the text). It is better to use a noun or an abbreviation once again. Do not be afraid to repeat words if necessary for correct and quick understanding of the text.

The pronoun "you" is sometimes spelled with capital letter, and in some - with a small one. It is written with a capital letter when it is an appeal to one person. For example, "could you help me", or "please". Smaller "you" is used when referring to a group of people. For example, "I am addressing you, representatives of different regions of Russia, who have gathered at this congress."

Structure of the official text

Once again, remember the main goal of writing a business text! Now I have deviated from another rule of writing formal letters. The rule goes like this: The text, if possible, should be presented sequentially. The text should not contain references to paragraphs that were much earlier or, even worse, much later. It is not always possible to completely avoid such links, but there should be a minimum number of them. When writing a document, always pay attention to such links and try to reduce their number.

If the text is long, try to break it into logical blocks. It is sometimes helpful to end a logical block with a brief summary of what was said in it. The block may contain explanations and justifications for some thought. These explanations can distract from the thought itself, so it will be useful to formulate it briefly at the end. If the letter is short, refers to one topic, then the summary can be made one, at the end or at the very beginning of the text. The writing style of the text, when you first formulate an idea and then substantiate it, is used in appeals to very busy people so that they can understand from the first lines of the document what it is about, think about it, agree immediately without reading it, or, if they have any questions and doubts, read the rationale.

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Every time you write a text or just communicate with other people, you choose the style of speech that is most relevant to the moment. There are five styles in total, but the success of your dialogue, both with the interlocutor and with the reader, depends entirely on the correct choice of each of them. For the reader, the style of your presentation is even more important, because when reading, a person does not have non-verbal information about you, such as facial expressions, gestures, breathing rate, gaze, etc. So, today we will look at what text styles exist, what features they have, and, of course, we will look at examples of these styles.

Five Basic Speech Styles

So, as mentioned above, any text that you create can be attributed to one of the five styles of speech. Here they are:

scientific style
Journalistic style
Art style
Formal business style
Conversational style

Please note that different types of text usually refer to different styles, although they may describe the same object. Let's look at an example. Suppose you need to write a text about a washing machine. How can you write it:

You write a review with key features (scientific style)
You write a sales text (conversational style)
You are writing an SEO article for a blog (journalistic style)
You are writing hypnotic text (art style)
You are writing a commercial proposal (formal business style)

However, for greater objectivity, we will not dwell on the washing machine today, but simply consider all five styles of speech with various examples.

1. Scientific style of speech

The scientific style is characterized by strict writing requirements, which are described in more detail in the article "". In this article, the scientific style example will be more concise, but if you are interested in a detailed version, then you can find it at.

The scientific style is used among scientists as well as in the educational environment. Distinctive feature scientific style lies in its objectivity and a comprehensive approach to the issue under consideration. Theses, hypotheses, axioms, conclusions, monotonous coloring and patterns - this is what characterizes the scientific style.

An example of a scientific style of speech

Based on the results of the experiment, it can be concluded that the object has a soft homogeneous structure, freely transmits light and can change a number of its parameters when exposed to a potential difference in the range from 5 to 33,000 V. The studies also showed that the object irreversibly changes its molecular structure. structure under the influence of temperatures above 300 K. Under mechanical action on the object with a force of up to 1000 N, no visible changes in the structure are observed.

2. Journalistic style of speech

An example of a journalistic style of speech No. 1

Incredible discovery! A resident of a remote village, Experimentalovo, has invented a new drug that makes chickens lay golden eggs! The secret, over which the greatest alchemists of the world fought for centuries, is finally revealed by our compatriot! So far, no comments have been received from the inventor, he is currently on a heavy drinking binge, but we can definitely say that the discoveries of such patriots will definitely stabilize the economy of our country and strengthen its position on the world stage as a leader in gold mining and production gold items for decades to come.

An example of a journalistic style of speech No. 2

An act of unprecedented cruelty and inhuman treatment of animals was shown by a resident of the village of Experimentalovo, who, for his own selfish purposes, with particular cynicism, used unfortunate chickens to create his "philosopher's stone". The gold was obtained, but this did not stop the flayer, and, as an absolutely immoral type, he went into the deepest binge, not even trying to help the poor creatures who fell victim to his egregious experiments. It is difficult to say what such a discovery is fraught with, however, given the trends in the behavior of the "scientist", we can conclude that he is clearly plotting to seize power over the world.

3. Artistic style of speech

So, the art style is "watercolor" for the writer. It is characterized by images, colors, emotions and sensuality.

An example of an artistic style of speech

Sidorovich did not sleep well at night, every now and then, waking up to thunder and flashing lightning. It was one of those terrible nights when you want to wrap yourself up under the covers, sticking your nose out for air, and imagine that you are in a hut in the wild steppe hundreds of kilometers from the nearest city.

Suddenly, out of nowhere, the palm of his wife, who was sleeping next to him, passed over Sidorovich's ear:

“Sleep already, you fucking traveler,” she groaned, smacking her tongue sleepily.

Sidorovich turned away offendedly, pouting. He was thinking about Taiga...

4. Official business style of speech

Business Speech Example

I, Ivanov Ivan Ivanovich, express my sincere gratitude to the employees of the company LLC "Primer", in particular, Sidorov S.S. and Pupkov V.V. behind high level quality of service and prompt settlement of all disputes right on the spot and I ask you to encourage them in accordance with the terms of the collective agreement of LLC "Primer".

5. Conversational style of speech

Example of conversational style of speech No. 1

Yo, dude! If you are reading this text, then you get the idea. Energy, drive and speed - that's what defines my life. I love extreme, I love thrills, I love when adrenaline goes off scale and blows my head off. I can't do without it, man, and I know that you understand me. I'm deeply in the drum: skateboard or parkour, rollerblading or bike, as long as I have something to challenge. And it's cool!

Example of conversational style of speech No. 2

Have you ever thought about what would happen if the Earth switched places with Jupiter? I'm serious! Would New Vasyuki appear on his rings? Of course not! They're made of gas! Have you ever bought into such blatant nonsense for a minute? I don't believe in my life! And if the moon fell into the Pacific Ocean, how much would its level rise? You probably think that I am a rare bore, but if I do not ask these questions, then who will?

findings

So, today we looked at examples of speech styles in all their diversity, if not rich. For various situations different directions will be optimal, but, most importantly, what you should pay attention to when creating a text is the language of your audience and a style that is convenient for it. The emphasis on these two parameters allows your texts to be read in one breath, and, therefore, increases your chances of successfully completing the task assigned to the text.