Turgenev's life abroad. Brief information about Turgenev

Ivan Turgenev photography

What does he see in his house?

Parents are an example to him!

In form, an unpretentious, but in fact very wise rhyme of three lines expresses the idea that main science the life of the child passes in the family.

Pay attention: in the rhyme, the emphasis is not on what the child hears “in his home”, not on what his parents inspire him, but on what he himself sees. But what exactly of what he sees teaches him and educates him? The way we treat each other before his eyes? How long do we work and for what? What are we reading? And suddenly neither one nor the other, nor the third, but something completely different?! While raising a child, parents do their best. And he, sometimes, grows up completely different from what they dreamed of. Why? How could this happen? There is a universal answer to such difficult and bitter questions: “the ways of the Lord are inscrutable!..” But nevertheless, let’s try to figure it out using one example: why in a certain family at some time a child grew up the way he, it would seem, should not have grown up? We will talk about the great Russian writer Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev, by the way, the author famous novel titled "Fathers and Sons" - just dedicated to the continuity of generations.

About the childhood of the writer himself. we know something. For example, the fact that Turgenev's parents were rich Mtsensk district Oryol province, convinced and tough to punish the feudal lords. (Don't expect that new materials have been discovered that refute this fact - there are none!) But have we ever wondered: why does such parents have a son who grows up as a convinced anti-serfdom, a kind, soft-hearted person by nature? (There was even a case when young Turgenev took up a gun in order not to offend a peasant needlewoman from his village.) The answer seems to suggest itself: he had seen enough of the horrors and abominations of serfdom of souls - that's why he hated it. Yes, this is the answer, but it's too simple. Indeed, at the same time, in the neighboring estates of the Mtsensk district, the sons of the landowners kicked and muzzled the servants from their young nails, and when they took possession of the estate, they unbridled themselves cleaner than their parents, doing what is now called lawlessness with people. Well, they and Ivan Turgenev were not from the same test? Did you breathe different air, didn’t study from the same textbooks? ..

To understand what made Turgenev spiritually the direct opposite of his parents, one would have to get to know them better. First, with my mother, Varvara Petrovna. Colorful figure! On the one hand, he speaks and writes fluently in French, reads Voltaire and Rousseau, is friends with the great poet V. Zhukovsky, loves the theater, loves planting flowers...

On the other hand, for the disappearance of only one tulip from the garden, he gives the order to flog all the gardeners without exception ... He cannot breathe on his sons, especially on the middle one, Ivan (not knowing how to express his tenderness for him, sometimes calls him .. "My beloved Vanechka"!), spares neither effort nor money to give them a good education. At the same time, in the house of the Turgenevs, children are often whipped! “A rare day passed without a rod,” Ivan Sergeevich recalled, “when I dared to ask why I was punished, my mother categorically stated:“ You better know about it, guess it.

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When a son, studying in Moscow or abroad, does not write letters home for a long time, his mother threatens him for this ... to flog one of the servants. And now with her, the servant, she does not stand on ceremony. The freedom-loving Voltaire and Rousseau do not in the least prevent her from exiling the unpleased maid to a remote distant village, forcing the serf artist to draw the same thing a thousand times, to terrify the elders and peasants during trips to their possessions ...

“I have nothing to commemorate my childhood,” Ivan Sergeevich admits sadly. Not a single happy memory. I was afraid of my mother like fire ... "

Let's not disregard the father of the writer - Sergei Nikolaevich. He behaves more balanced, less cruel and fastidious than Varvara Petrovna. But his hand is also heavy. Maybe, for example, with something he didn’t like, the home teacher was thrown right into the flight of stairs. And he treats children without excessive sentimentality, takes almost no part in their upbringing. But, as you know, "lack of education is also education."

“My father had a strange influence on me...,” writes Turgenev in one of his stories, in which he invested a lot of personal information. - He ... never insulted me, he respected my freedom - he was even, so to speak, polite with me ... only he did not allow me to him. I loved him, I admired him, he seemed to me a model of a man, and, my God, how passionately I would have become attached to him if I had not constantly felt his deviating hands! and because he rarely sees them.

Varvara Petrovna rules the whole house in the house. It is she who is engaged in the upbringing of her children, it is she who teaches “beloved Vanechka” visual lessons of self-will ...

Yes, but then what about the fact that “the child learns what he sees in his home” and that “parents are an example to him”? According to all the rules of genetics and family pedagogy, a moral monster should have grown up in a father - a cold egoist and a mother with a despotic character. But we know that a great writer has grown up, a man of great soul... No, whatever you say, the Turgenev's parents are an example to their son, an impressive example of how not to treat people. After all, the child also learns what he hates "in his own house"!

Thank God, such a variant of the continuity of generations is also provided: children grow up, as they say, in the exact opposite direction from their fathers ... What young Turgenev was more lucky than his peers from landowner families was that his parents, for all their selfishness and cruelty, both people are smart, well educated. And, importantly, in their own way interesting, extraordinary, as if woven from blatant contradictions. One Varvara Petrovna is worth something! The writer (and Ivan Sergeevich was undoubtedly born to them) definitely needs something above the norm, something out of the ordinary. In this sense, Turgenev's parents with their colorfulness will serve for a talented son good service: inspire him to create unforgettably believable types of that time ...

Of course, the child "in his home" sees not only the bad. He learns (and is much more willing!) good examples. Did Ivan Turgenev love his parents? Freezing from timidity and fear - yes, he loved. And, probably, he felt sorry for both of them. After all, if you carefully delve into the life of each of them, you won’t envy ... At Varenka Lutovinova (her maiden name) her father dies early, and her stepfather gets such a rude and headstrong (do you feel?) that she, without enduring bullying, runs away from home. Her uncle takes her under protection and guardianship. But he is also a man with tricks: he keeps his niece almost always locked up. Perhaps she is afraid that she would not lose her innocence before marriage. But, I think, his fears are in vain: Varenka, to put it delicately, does not shine with beauty ... However, when her uncle dies, she, his heiress, will one day become the richest landowner of the Oryol province ...

Her time has run out! Varvara Petrovna now takes everything from life - and even more. The son of a neighboring landowner, lieutenant cavalry guard Sergei Nikolayevich Turgenev, catches her eye. A man is good for everyone: handsome, stately, not stupid, six years younger than her. But is poor. However, for the rich Lutovinova, the latter does not matter. And when the lieutenant proposes to her, she, beside herself with happiness, accepts him ...

This is not the first time that the union of wealth with beauty and youth has been made. It's not the first time he's become fragile. Waving a hand at military career, Sergei Nikolaevich indulges in hunting, revelry (as a rule, on the side), card game, starts one novel after another. Varvara Petrovna knows about everything (there are always more helpful people than necessary), but she endures: she cherishes and loves her handsome husband to such an extent. And, as they say in these cases, he turns his unspent tenderness into sophisticated mockery of people ...

About everything that the mother experienced and felt in her life, Ivan Sergeevich learns only after her death. After reading the diaries of Varvara Petrovna, he exclaims: “What a woman! .. May God forgive her everything ... But what a life!” Already in childhood, observing the behavior of his parents, he sees a lot and guesses a lot. This is how any and especially a gifted child works: without having great knowledge and a solid life experience, he uses what caring and wise nature endows him generously, perhaps even more generously than an adult, - intuition. It is she who helps "unreasonable" children to make correct, sometimes surprisingly correct conclusions. It is thanks to her that the child sees “in his own home” best of all exactly what adults carefully hide from him. That is why we can say: not anywhere, but precisely in his home, no matter how rich, just as unhappy, the future writer Ivan Turgenev will understand how incomprehensibly complex life is and what an abyss of secrets any human soul keeps in itself ...

When a child is afraid of his mother “like fire”, when he constantly stumbles upon the “rejecting hands” of his father, where can he look for love and understanding, without which life is not life? He goes where they have always gone and today children who have not received spiritual warmth at home go “to the street”. In Russian estates, the "street" is the yard, and its inhabitants are called courtyards. These are nannies, tutors, barmaids, boys on parcels (there was such a position), grooms, foresters, etc. They may not speak French, they have not read Voltaire and Rousseau. But they have so much natural intelligence to understand: barchuk Ivan's life, like theirs, is not sugar. And they have enough kindness to caress him somehow. One of them, at the risk of being flogged, helps the barchuk open a cupboard with old books, the other takes him hunting, the third takes him deep into the famous Spassko-Lutovinovsky park and reads poems and stories with him with inspiration ...

With such love and awe, Ivan Sergeevich, who himself said that his biography is in his works, describes in one of his stories the childhood episodes dear to his heart: the book is already opening, emitting a sharp, for me then inexplicably pleasant smell of mold and junk! .. The first sounds of reading are heard! Everything around disappears ... no, it does not disappear, but becomes distant, clouded over with a haze, leaving behind only the impression of something friendly and patronizing! These trees, these green leaves, these tall grasses obscure, shelter us from the rest of the world, no one knows where we are, what we are - and poetry is with us, we are imbued, we revel in it, we have an important, great, secret business going on ... "

Close contact with people of the lower class, as they said then, would largely predetermine Turgenev as a writer. This is what will lead to domestic literature a peasant from the Russian hinterland - economic, skilled, with a certain amount of cunning and roguery. There is no need to prove the nationality of his works: the many-sided Russian people act in them, speak, and suffer. Many writers are recognized only after their death. Turgenev was read to even during his lifetime, and among others, ordinary people were read - the very one before whom he bowed all his life ...

Among other things, Turgenev differs from other outstanding writers of Russia in that his descriptions of nature take up many, many pages. The modern reader, accustomed to prose with a dynamic (sometimes too much) narration, sometimes becomes unbearable. But if you read carefully, these are wonderful and unique, like Russian nature itself, descriptions! It seems that when Turgenev wrote, he saw the mysterious depths of the Russian forest right in front of him, squinted from the silver light of the autumn sun, heard the morning call of sweet-voiced birds. And he really saw and heard all this, even when he lived away from Spassky - in Moscow, Rome, London, Paris ... Russian nature is his second home, his second mother, she, too, is his biography. There is a lot of it in the works of Turgenev because then there was a lot of it in general, and a lot in his life, in particular.

Thanks to his parents, Ivan Sergeevich saw the world as a child (the family traveled around Europe for many months), received an excellent education in Russia and abroad, long time while he was looking for his calling, he lived on the money sent by his mother. (Turgenev's father died quite early.) Having met Turgenev, Dostoevsky wrote about him: “Poet, talent, aristocrat, handsome, rich man, smart, 25 years old. I don't know what nature denied him." In a word, a difficult childhood, despotic orders in the house, apparently, did not affect him outwardly. As for his character, spiritual harmony ... Most likely, the strong, domineering nature of his mother was one of the reasons that, for all his beauty and talent, Ivan Sergeevich was often timid and indecisive, especially in relations with women. His personal life turned out to be somewhat awkward: after several more or less serious hobbies, he gave his heart to the singer Viardot, and since she was married woman, then he went into a strange coexistence with this family, living with her under the same roof for many years. As if carrying weakened bacilli of maternal pride and intolerance, Ivan Sergeevich is easily vulnerable, touchy, often quarrels with friends (Nekrasov, Goncharov, Herzen, Tolstoy, etc.), but, it’s true, he is often the first to extend a hand of reconciliation. As if in reproach to the indifference of the late father, he takes care of his illegitimate daughter Polina as best he can (he pays her mother a lifetime pension), but the girl from an early age cannot remember what the word “bread” means in Russian, and neither which does not justify, no matter how hard Turgenev tries, the aspirations of his father ...

Among other things, Turgenev differs from other outstanding Russian writers in his height. He was so tall that wherever he appeared, he was visible, like a bell tower, from everywhere. A giant and a bearded man, with a soft, almost childish voice, friendly in character, a hospitable person, he, having lived for a long time abroad, being very famous person, to a large extent contributed to the spread of the legend of the "Russian bear" in the West. But it was a very unusual “bear”: he wrote brilliant prose and fragrant white verses, knew philosophy and philology very well, spoke German in Germany, Italian in Italy, French in France, Spanish with his beloved woman, Spaniard Viardot...

So to whom does Russia and the world owe this miracle of physical and intellectual perfection, many-sided talent and spiritual wealth? Shall we take out of brackets his mother Varvara Petrovna and father Sergei Nikolaevich? Let's pretend that he owes his beauty and outstanding growth, great diligence and aristocratically refined culture not to them, but to someone else? ..

Varvara Petrovna counted her son Ivan among her favorites for a reason - you cannot deny her insight. “I love you both passionately, but it’s different,” she writes to “beloved Vanechka”, slightly contrasting him with Nikolai, her eldest son. - You are especially sick to me ... (How magnificently expressed in the old days!). If I can explain with an example. If they squeezed my hand, it would hurt, but if they stepped on my corn, it would be unbearable. She is ahead of many literary critics realized that her son was marked by a high gift of writing. (Showing a delicate literary taste, she writes to her son that his first published poem “smells like strawberries.”) By the end of her life, Varvara Petrovna is changing a lot, becoming more tolerant, in the presence of her son Ivan, she tries to do something kind, merciful. Well, on this occasion, we can say that the continuity of generations is a two-way road: the time comes when parents learn something from their children...

19th century. He lived in the heyday of Russian culture, and his works became an adornment of Russian literature. Today, the name of the writer Turgenev is known to many, and even to schoolchildren, because his works are included in the compulsory school curriculum on literature.

Ivan Turgenev was born in the Orel province, in the glorious city of Orel in October 1818. His father was a hereditary nobleman, he served in the Russian army as an officer. Mother came from a family of wealthy landowners.

Turgenev family estate - Spasskoe-Lutovino. It was here that the childhood of the future famous Russian writer passed. On the estate, Ivan was brought up mainly by various teachers and tutors, both local and foreign.

In 1827 the family moved to Moscow. Here the boy is sent to a boarding school, where he is trained for about two years. In subsequent years, Ivan Turgenev studied at home, listening to the lessons of private teachers.

At the age of 15, in 1833, Ivan Sergeevich entered Moscow University. A year later, he will continue his studies in the capital of the Russian Empire, at St. Petersburg University. In 1836, studies at the university will be completed.

Two years later, Ivan Turgenev will go to Germany to Berlin, where he will listen to lectures by famous professors in philosophy and philology. In Germany, he spent a year and a half, and during this time he managed to get acquainted with Stankevich and Bakunin. Acquaintance with two famous cultural figures left a big imprint on the further development of the biography of Ivan Sergeevich.

In 1841 Turgenev returned to Russian Empire. Living in Moscow, he is preparing for the master's exams. Here he met Khomyakov and Aksakov, and later met Herzen.

In 1843, Ivan Sergeevich entered the public service. His new place of work was the “special office” under the Ministry of Internal Affairs. In the civil service, he worked for a short time, only two years. But during this time he managed to make friends with Belinsky and other members of the circle of a famous publicist and writer.

After his dismissal from the civil service, Turgenev went abroad for a while. Shortly before his departure, his essay "Khor and Kalinich" is published in Russia. Upon returning, he begins working in the Sovremennik magazine.

In 1852, a book was published - a collection of Turgenev's works with the title "Notes of a Hunter". In addition to the works included in the collection for his authorship, there are such works (stories, plays, novels) as: “The Bachelor”, “A Month in the Village”, “The Freeloader”, “Provincial Girl”.

Dies in the same year. The sad event made a strong impression on Ivan Turgenev. He writes an obituary, which was banned by the censors. For free-thinking, he was arrested and imprisoned for a month.

After Ivan Sergeevich was exiled to a family estate in the Oryol province. A year later, he was allowed to return to the capital. During the time spent in exile, in the Oryol province, Turgenev wrote his most famous work - the story "Mumu". In subsequent years, he will write: "Rudin", " Noble Nest”,“ Fathers and Sons ”,“ On the Eve.

Later, in the life of the writer there was a break with the journal Sovremennik and with Herzen. Turgenev considered the revolutionary, socialist ideas of Herzen unviable. Ivan Sergeevich, one of the many writers who, at the beginning of their creative way critical of the royal power, and their minds were shrouded in revolutionary romance.

When the personality of Turgenev was fully realized, Ivan Sergeevich refused his thoughts and camaraderie with personalities like Herzen. Similar experiences were, for example, in Pushkin and.

Beginning in 1863, Ivan Turgenev lived and worked abroad. In the next decade of the 19th century, he again remembered the ideas of his youth, sympathized with the movement of the Narodnaya Volya. At the end of the decade he came to his homeland, where he was solemnly welcomed. Soon Ivan Sergeevich fell seriously ill, and in August 1883 he died. Turgenev, with his work, left a big mark on the development of Russian culture and literature.

Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev is a famous Russian prose writer, poet, classic of world literature, playwright, critic, memoirist and translator. Many outstanding works belong to his pen. The fate of this great writer will be discussed in this article.

Early childhood

Turgenev's biography (short in our review, but very rich in fact) began in 1818. The future writer was born on November 9 in the city of Oryol. His father, Sergei Nikolaevich, was a combat officer in a cuirassier regiment, but soon after Ivan's birth, he retired. The boy's mother, Varvara Petrovna, was a representative of a wealthy noble family. It was in the family estate of this imperious woman - Spasskoe-Lutovinovo - that the first years of Ivan's life passed. Despite her heavy unbending disposition, Varvara Petrovna was very enlightened and an educated person. She managed to instill in her children (in addition to Ivan, his older brother Nikolai was brought up in the family) a love for science and Russian literature.

Education

The future writer received his primary education at home. So that it could continue in a dignified manner, the Turgenev family moved to Moscow. Here, the biography of Turgenev (short) made a new round: the boy's parents went abroad, and he was kept in various boarding houses. At first he lived and was brought up in the institution of Weidenhammer, then in Krause. At the age of fifteen (in 1833), Ivan entered the Moscow State University at the Faculty of Literature. After the arrival of the eldest son Nikolai in the guards cavalry, the Turgenev family moved to St. Petersburg. Here the future writer became a student at a local university and began to study philosophy. In 1837 Ivan graduated from this educational institution.

Pen trial and further education

Turgenev's work for many is associated with the writing of prose works. However, Ivan Sergeevich originally planned to become a poet. In 1934, he wrote several lyrical works, including the poem "Steno", which was appreciated by his mentor - P. A. Pletnev. Over the next three years, the young writer has already composed about a hundred poems. In 1838, several of his works were published in the famous Sovremennik (“To the Venus of Medicius”, “Evening”). The young poet was inclined to scientific activity and in 1838 went to Germany to continue his education at the University of Berlin. Here he studied Roman and Greek literature. Ivan Sergeevich quickly became imbued with the Western European way of life. A year later, the writer briefly returned to Russia, but already in 1840 he left his homeland again and lived in Italy, Austria and Germany. Turgenev returned to Spasskoe-Lutovinovo in 1841, and a year later he turned to the Moscow State University requesting that he be allowed to take the exam for a master's degree in philosophy. He was denied this.

Pauline Viardot

Ivan Sergeevich managed to get a scientific degree at St. Petersburg University, but by that time he had already lost interest in this kind of activity. In search of a worthy field in life in 1843, the writer entered the service of the ministerial office, but his ambitious aspirations quickly faded away. In 1843, the writer published the poem "Parasha", which impressed V. G. Belinsky. Success inspired Ivan Sergeevich, and he decided to devote his life to creativity. In the same year, Turgenev's biography (short) was marked by another fateful event: the writer met the outstanding French singer Pauline Viardot. Seeing the beauty at the Opera House of St. Petersburg, Ivan Sergeevich decided to get to know her. At first, the girl did not pay attention to the little-known writer, but Turgenev was so struck by the charm of the singer that he followed the Viardot family to Paris. For many years he accompanied Polina on her foreign tours, despite the obvious disapproval of his relatives.

The heyday of creativity

In 1946, Ivan Sergeevich took an active part in updating the Sovremennik magazine. He meets Nekrasov, and he becomes his best friend. For two years (1950-1952) the writer is torn between foreign countries and Russia. Creativity Turgenev during this period began to gain serious momentum. The cycle of stories "Notes of a Hunter" was almost completely written in Germany and glorified the writer throughout the world. In the next decade, the classic was created whole line outstanding prose works: "The Nest of Nobles", "Rudin", "Fathers and Sons", "On the Eve". In the same period, Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev quarreled with Nekrasov. Their controversy over the novel "On the Eve" ended in a complete break. The writer leaves Sovremennik and goes abroad.

Abroad

Turgenev's life abroad began in Baden-Baden. Here Ivan Sergeevich found himself in the very center of Western European cultural life. He began to maintain relations with many world literary celebrities: Hugo, Dickens, Maupassant, France, Thackeray and others. The writer actively promoted Russian culture abroad. For example, in 1874 in Paris, Ivan Sergeevich, together with Daudet, Flaubert, Goncourt and Zola, organized the famous "bachelor dinners at five" in the capital's restaurants. The characterization of Turgenev during this period was very flattering: he turned into the most popular, famous and widely read Russian writer in Europe. In 1878, Ivan Sergeevich was elected vice-president of the International Literary Congress in Paris. Since 1877, the writer has been an honorary doctor of Oxford University.

Creativity of recent years

Turgenev's biography - brief but vivid - testifies that the long years spent abroad did not alienate the writer from Russian life and its pressing problems. He still writes a lot about his homeland. So, in 1867, Ivan Sergeevich wrote the novel "Smoke", which caused a large-scale public outcry in Russia. In 1877, the writer wrote the novel "Nov", which became the result of his creative reflections in the 1870s.

demise

For the first time, a serious illness that interrupted the writer's life made itself felt in 1882. Despite severe physical suffering, Ivan Sergeevich continued to create. A few months before his death, the first part of the book Poems in Prose was published. great writer died in 1883, September 3, in the suburbs of Paris. Relatives fulfilled the will of Ivan Sergeevich and transported his body to his homeland. The classic was buried in St. Petersburg at the Volkovo cemetery. Numerous admirers saw him off on his last journey.

Such is the biography of Turgenev (short). This man devoted his whole life to his beloved work and forever remained in the memory of his descendants as eminent writer and famous public figure.

The future master of the living word was born on October 28 (November 9), 1818, by nobles living in Orel. Turgenev's father came from a very old family and at one time was a hussar officer, captain of the Cavalier Guard Regiment. The writer's mother came from a wealthy landowning family.

Ivan Sergeevich's childhood years were spent in the family estate of Spasskoe-Lutovinovo. His trustees and educators were teachers and tutors who came from Germans and Swiss. The nannies took care of the child. Little Ivan grew up in harsh conditions. An atmosphere of autocracy reigned in the parents' estate. A rare day went by for the young Turgenev without punishment from the domineering mother, who in this way taught her son to.

Own experience and observation of the life of forced peasants with young years awakened in Turgenev an aversion to serfdom.

As a child, Turgenev did not like to mess with toys. He was very interested in nature, which attracted him to itself with its mystery, mystery and simplicity. Young Turgenev liked to wander for a long time through the forest and the park, he often visited the pond. The hunters and foresters who lived on the estate encouraged the future writer's emerging interest in nature, telling him about the life of birds and forest animals.

In 1827, the Turgenevs moved to Moscow, where Ivan received his education under the guidance and supervision of private teachers. Much later, the writer admitted that he was very keenly experiencing a break in ties with his usual former life.

History of the Turgenev House

The house and estate of the Turgenevs were located in the current Sovetsky district of the city of Orel. Since the time of the original development, the city has been subject to frequent fires. Wooden houses were placed quite close to each other, so entire city blocks often perished in the destructive fire element. historical sources contain indications that the house where Turgenev was born was subsequently burned down in one of these fires.

The Turgenev estate occupied almost the entire block entirely along Borisoglebskaya and Georgievskaya streets. Unfortunately, historians have not been able to find a reliable image of the writer's home.

A few years after the fire, a one-story house was built on the site of the burnt building, which subsequently passed in turn to several owners.

In modern Orel, there are no buildings on the site of the former Turgenev house. Memorial plaque, dedicated to the writer, fortified a little in the back of the courtyard, on the wall of the administrative building.

Advice 2: Vanni himself: biography, creativity, career, personal life

The artist Sam Vanni is one of the founders of abstract art. It was he who first attracted the public to this art direction and proved with his drawings that meaningful abstract illustrations can be a huge public value. After all, with their help, you can reflect your most genuine thoughts in an allegorical form. History of this amazing person, his life path determine his creative nature, constantly striving for perfection in everything.

Biography

Sam Vanni was born on July 6, 1908 in the city of Vyborg. He grew up in a wealthy Jewish family. The boy's parents at that time were engaged in trade and allowed him to independently manage his free time. It was in childhood that Sam Vanni began to develop his artistic ability, drawing various illustrations in their albums. Until 1941, he was known as Samuil the Untitled, and then he had to change his name in order to get rid of persecution by the Nazis.

From the early childhood the boy studied linguistics, showing a special craving for the Finnish language. He early learned to read and write, and even earlier - to draw strange, little understood illustrations. In 1921, Samuil moved to Helsinki with his family. There he entered the prestigious Academy of Fine Arts, where he immediately impressed his teachers with a unique approach to creativity, preferring meaningful abstract art to clear classical forms. After graduation educational institution For some time, the young man took private lessons from the Florentine artist Väinö Aaltonen in order to improve his theoretical and practical knowledge in art.

Career

Samuil's creative career began in 1931, when he presented his best work at the Finnish exhibition. Critics and art researchers immediately noted the originality of the artist, and journalists began to actively cover his activities in the media. Glory began to come to Samuel the Untitled, to which he never purposefully aspired.

In his spare time, he began giving private painting lessons, teaching at local art institutions, and teaching children not only the traditional methods of the artist's craft, but also unique approaches to creating shapes, lines, and abstract objects. Often he came up with his author's development of classes that delighted the students.

In 1941, Samuil, fearing persecution by Nazi Germany, took the pseudonym Sam Vanni. At the same time, his career took off again. The artist finally found his true calling, realizing that he must devote his life to abstractionism. The society did not immediately positively evaluate his new works with a deeper focus on abstract art, but a little later the whole world realized the significance of this new direction in art. Some traditional critics accused Vanni of putting form before content, but his contemporaries, on the contrary, admired this skill, trying to unravel the meaning of each painting by an abstract artist.

Creation

Vanni himself left a large-scale creative heritage. His paintings still adorn the walls of the most majestic art galleries peace. In addition, the artist has been awarded many times for creative success and during life. So, for example, in 1950 he won a public competition in Finland, presenting his fresco "Contrapunctus". It still adorns the hall of the Helsinki Finnish Workers' College to this day. And in 1955 Vanni Sam founded his own artistic group Prism, which organized art exhibitions, conferences and meetings. A little later, the Academy of Finland highly appreciated the artist, making him an honorary member and honoring him with the Pro Finlandia medal.

Personal life

Like any creative person, the artist had a rich personal life. His first love was Tuva Jansson. Vanni himself was amazed by the beauty and creative talents of his young student. For a long time they were bound by friendship, which later turned into a stormy romance. However, in the future, the couple stopped dating due to different perceptions of fascism.

After that, Sam Vanni married another of his girlfriends - Maya London. The lovers lived together for a long time until problems and mutual hostility began to be traced in their relationship. In 1958 Maya and Sam filed for divorce, and already in 1960 the artist married again. This time, the beautiful Paula Saarenheim, whom he loved madly, became his chosen one. A little later, their children were born - Mikko and Simo.

Born November 9, 1818 in Orel. Father - Sergei Nikolayevich Turgenev (1793-1834), military man. Mother - Varvara Petrovna Lutovinova (1787-1850), a noblewoman. In 1836 he graduated from the philosophical faculty of St. Petersburg University. From 1836 to 1839 he lived and studied in Germany. In 1852 he was exiled to his village for two years. He moved to Germany in 1863. In 1879 he received an honorary doctorate from Oxford University. Was not married. Had an illegitimate daughter. Was fond of hunting. He died on September 3, 1883 at the age of 64 in Paris. He was buried at the Volkovskoye cemetery in St. Petersburg. Main works: “Fathers and Sons”, “Mumu”, “Noble Nest”, “Rudin”, “Asya”, “On the Eve” and others.

Brief biography (detailed)

Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev is a 19th-century Russian realist writer, poet, translator and corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Turgenev was born on October 28 (November 9), 1818 in the city of Oryol in a noble family. The writer's father was a retired officer, and his mother was a hereditary noblewoman. Turgenev's childhood passed in the family estate, where he had personal teachers, tutors, serf nannies. In 1827, the Turgenev family moved to Moscow in order to give their children a decent education. There he studied at a boarding school, then studied with private teachers. The writer from childhood owned several foreign languages including English, French and German.

In 1833, Ivan entered Moscow University, and a year later he transferred to St. Petersburg to the verbal department. In 1838 he went to Berlin for lectures in classical philology. There he met Bakunin and Stankevich, whom he met great importance for the writer. For two years spent abroad, he managed to visit France, Italy, Germany and Holland. The return home took place in 1841. At the same time, he began to actively attend literary circles, where he met Gogol, Herzen, Aksakov, etc.

In 1843, Turgenev joined the office of the Minister of the Interior. In the same year, he met Belinsky, who had a considerable influence on the formation of the literary and social views of the young writer. In 1846, Turgenev wrote several works: Breter, Three Portraits, Freeloader, Provincial Woman, etc. In 1852 one of the the best stories writer - "Mumu". The story was written while serving a link in Spassky-Lutovinovo. In 1852, Notes of a Hunter appeared, and after the death of Nicholas I, 4 major works by Turgenev were published: On the Eve, Rudin, Fathers and Sons, and Noble Nest.

Turgenev gravitated toward the circle of Western writers. In 1863, together with the Viardot family, he left for Baden-Baden, where he actively participated in cultural life and made acquaintances with best writers Western Europe. Among them were Dickens, George Sand, Prosper Merimee, Thackeray, Victor Hugo and many others. Soon he became the editor of foreign translators of Russian writers. In 1878 he was appointed vice-president at an international congress on literature held in Paris. The following year, Turgenev was awarded an honorary doctorate from Oxford University. Living abroad, he was also drawn to his homeland with his soul, which was reflected in the novel Smoke (1867). The largest in volume was his novel "Nov" (1877). I. S. Turgenev died near Paris on August 22 (September 3), 1883. The writer was buried according to his will in St. Petersburg.