Values ​​and value orientations of youth. Value Orientations of Youth

At present, the value system of Russian youth differs significantly from the values ​​of past generations. The value orientations of young people are formed under the influence of two main aspects. The first of them is the spiritual content, manifested in moral attitudes, humanism, philanthropy. The second aspect that influences the value orientations of young people has become more relevant in recent decades - individualism, the frequent predominance of material values ​​over spiritual ones. In the life of today's youth, the main priorities are: a successful career, family, friendships, building useful connections, the opportunity to realize oneself in creativity or one's hobbies. Semenov V.E., on the basis of his research, highlights the main life values ​​of modern youth: family, friends and health, interesting job, money and justice (the importance of the latter value is currently increasing). Religious faith closes the seven main life values. In other words, the value orientations of modern youth are the creation of a family, health care, the formation and development of human capital. In its most generalized form, human capital is a combination of knowledge, skills, health, etc., which allow a person through investments to receive higher incomes in the future.

Youth is a special social and age group that is in the process of formation and development, facing the choice of professional and life path. In the process of a person's personal development, over time, his internal driving forces become more important, allowing him to more independently determine the tasks and direction of his activity, namely his value orientations. They act as a regulator and mechanism for the development and behavior of the individual, determining the form of achieving the goals.

Value orientations are beliefs shared in society about the goals that people should strive for and the main means of achieving them. Value is often called what is of the greatest importance for a person, what we are willing to pay the highest price for. The philosophical approach defines value orientations as the main axis of consciousness, which ensures the stability of the individual, the continuity of a certain type of behavior and activity, and is expressed in the direction of needs and interests. Considering the value orientations of modern youth, we can conclude that some of them occupy a certain place in the structure of human capital. For example: quality education is a component of human capital, as well as one of the values ​​of modern youth, since it is quality education that guarantees youth employment after graduation.

The value system of an individual and various social groups is the foundation of the stability of society as a whole. For example: moral values ​​act as personal constraints on the behavior of each person individually and of society as a whole. Material value orientations induce a person to action, to development. And if people develop, then the whole society develops. Therefore, the presence of value orientations of individuals and various groups acts as a guarantor of the development and stability of society. The value orientations of young people reflect current values a certain society that are directly related to promising development its general economic and cultural level. That is why now much attention is paid to the value system of modern youth, because. it is she who is the future of our society.

To determine the value system of modern youth, we conducted a survey among students of some universities Far East(Priamursky state university named after Sholom Aleichem, Birobidzhan, Pacific State University, Khabarovsk, Komsomolsk-on-Amur State Technical University). A total of 56 people took part in the survey, among them 64.2% (36 people) were girls and 35.8% (20 people) were young people. Age limits of the respondents: 17-25 years. Table 1 presents the questions of the questionnaire and the proposed answers.

Table 1 - definition of the value system of modern youth

As a result of the survey, we (for each question) revealed the following:

1. Among total number The majority of respondents (46.6% - 26 people) agreed with the following definition of value orientations: the reflection in the mind of a person of the values ​​recognized by him as strategic life goals and general worldview guidelines. The smallest number of respondents (21.4% - 12 people) chose the third answer and the definition of value orientations as the preferences and aspirations of an individual or group in relation to certain generalized human values ​​(welfare, health, comfort, knowledge, civil liberties, creativity, work, etc.). . P.).

2. Arranging the importance of material, spiritual, social values, the respondents answered differently, but the general result is as follows: the majority of respondents put spiritual values ​​in the first place in importance (50% - 28 people), material values ​​(30.4% - 17 people) in the second place , the third place was occupied by social values ​​(19.6% - 11 people).

3. Among the total number of respondents, the majority (57.1% - 32 people) felt that their personal qualities would help them achieve success in the future. The smallest number of respondents (16% - 9 people) noted that only useful contacts will help them succeed in the future.

A.A. Argunov

FEATURES OF THE VALUE ORIENTATION OF RUSSIAN YOUTH

The article analyzes the value orientations of modern Russian youth, largely due to the transitional state of our society, the crisis of the socio-economic and spiritual foundations of people's life.

Keywords: youth, youth culture, values, society, socialization, social adaptation, transformation of society.

The value system of society in all its complexity and multidimensionality has become an object of close attention from social philosophy and social sciences and humanities, focusing in itself many acute problems modernity. A special place among these problems is occupied by the problems of value orientations of modern Russian youth, which is largely due to the transitional state of our society, the uncertainty at this stage of its value system, the crisis of the socio-economic and spiritual foundations of people's lives.

Consideration of this problem, in our opinion, it is advisable to start with the formation of the "philosophy of values". The theory of value as an independent philosophical discipline arose in the middle of the 20th century. The development of a "philosophy of value" could not but be stimulated by the reassessment of values ​​that took place in this century. As rightly noted by L.N. Stolovich, the concept of value was interpreted differently in different philosophical systems ah, which was due to the extraordinary complexity and multidimensionality of the very process of value attitude1.

However, such pluralism in the approaches of various philosophical systems to understanding and solving the problem of value should not be considered a disorderly and unsystematic phenomenon and should not be perceived in an exclusively negative way. Every philosophically significant approach focuses its attention

on a certain aspect of value relations. Moreover, it is precisely this multivariance of points of view that gives freedom of choice and allows one to dwell on one or another interpretation of value that most adequately meets the goals and objectives of a particular study.

In this context, we are interested in interpretations of value as a socio-cultural reality, carried out from different methodological positions. In a similar vein, they developed an understanding of the value of A.F. Losev, Ya. Mukarzhovsky, G.G. Shpet, M.M. Bakhtin and others.

Man in the process of his activity creates a new socio-cultural world between himself and nature. Thus, he transforms himself from a natural being into a sociocultural being. Ya. Mukarzhovsky argued that the process of formation of aesthetic value always took place in live contact with the dynamics of social relations, since it was predetermined by it and at the same time influenced it2. Thus, the society itself creates these or those values ​​and itself necessarily obeys them for its effective functioning.

However, when fundamental changes take place in a society due to a radical transformation of its social structure, deep political, ideological, economic, cultural reforms, the system of values ​​very often does not stand the test. AT best case it undergoes changes, and at worst, it simply collapses. Some institutions are displaced by others, in place of traditional institutional mechanisms, others arise - modern ones, characterized by cultural pluralism, focused on different, often conflicting meanings and meanings. As rightly noted by T.I. Yako-Vuk, a new axiological reality is affirmed thanks to the fragments of the old infrastructure, the past mentality, the processes of social disorganization that continue to function as a transitional stage in the testing of innovative socio-cultural samples. Therefore, the main distinguishing characteristic of this reality is uncertainty3.

Radical changes in the life of Russian society have caused serious changes in the mass and individual consciousness of the population in general and young people in particular. Due to denationalization and the creation of market mechanisms in the development of the economy based on multi-structural forms of ownership, commercial

the socialization of the public sector of the economy, the growing processes of globalization, two opposite trends are being formed. On the one hand, the old norms, ideals and values ​​are destroyed, on the other hand, the mechanism of inhibition is triggered, the stereotypes of consciousness make themselves felt. Young people enter the social space that was organized independently of them, which violates the natural connection and continuity of generations.

History shows that the future of society largely depends on the position and social well-being of young people. Due to the peculiarities of its mentality, it is the most susceptible to changes in the socio-demographic group, it is easier to adapt to qualitatively new social conditions, and therefore is considered the leader of socio-cultural changes. That is why the study of the processes taking place in the youth environment is a strategically important task of our society.

In Russian philosophy, interest in youth issues in the value aspect arose at the beginning of the 20th century. and is associated with the name of P. Sorokin. In The Crisis of the Modern Family, he highlights the problem of breaking traditional family ties providing the functions of youth socialization and transmission of socio-cultural experience4. This gap leads to the destruction of traditional values ​​and moral norms, or rather to their strict localization in the older age group, and leads to the limitation of their sphere of influence within the youth environment.

Since the mid 90s. 20th century the problem of socio-philosophical understanding of the value orientations of young people is becoming central to Russian juvenile science. Regularly conducted research related to the value system of the life of today's youth.

Of particular interest in this regard is the study conducted under the supervision of N.I. Lapin by the Center for the Study of Socio-Cultural Changes at the Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2002. Based on a representative sample, a survey "Our values ​​and interests today" was carried out. N.I. Lapin used a hierarchical model of basic values, in which the upper, most stable layer is made up of terminal values, or goal values, and below are instrumental values, or means values. In terminal values ​​N.I. Lapin saw, first of all, the desired social relations, and in the instrumental - the qualities of the subjects necessary for the realization of the desired relations.

As a result of their research, the team of N.I. Lapina came to the conclusion that there is a general trend towards liberalization of the structure of basic values. At the same time, a greater stability of terminal values ​​was revealed in comparison with instrumental ones. This suggests that, in response to the need to adapt to dramatically changed living conditions, the liberalization of the Russian value space began with a change in means-values, or the practical qualities of individuals, i.e., from instrumental values.

Thus, in modern Russian society, a significant discrepancy has arisen between the sociocultural meanings of the main types of basic values. The most influential terminal values ​​remain traditional, while instrumental values ​​that have rapidly increased their influence become liberal.

Such a value divergence supports the earlier anomie in society. And in the short term, as N.I. Lapin, its consequences depend on whether the divergence takes hold in the form of a stable opposition of traditional terminal values ​​to liberal instrumental ones, or whether it acquires the character of a dialogue promising a more complex structure in the future5. Depending on this, certain value orientations of Russian youth will be formed.

Some of them can be discussed today, based on the results of research conducted by the Research Center of the Institute of Youth of the Russian Federation. They largely echo the conclusions of N.I. Lapin. Priority for today's youth are money and the opportunity to earn money, and, accordingly, to get an education and build a career. The young man strives to create good family, have good children (79%), be financially well off (77%), healthy and physically strong (50%), professional in their field (47%), free and independent (33%).

The individualization of the consciousness of young people, the orientation towards the priority of private life, reliance on one's own strength and the help of the closest environment, and not on society and the state, are clearly traced.

At the same time, according to O. Martyanova, at first glance it may seem that Russia is currently experiencing a revolution in value consciousness: laws and market priorities are winning, and young people, not supporting national cultural values, follow Western patterns of behavior. But these external

The signs of the value reorientation of the younger generation affect only secondary, not primary values6.

Nevertheless, many researchers are not inclined to share this approach. For example, according to E. Omelchenko, the transition to the market entails the development of instrumental, market relations between people, personal relationships are increasingly being replaced by business ones. Taken together, the importance of material resources in the formation of interpersonal relationships has increased four times, while the importance moral character decreased by seven times. Thus, in the minds of today's youth, the material factors of life tend to prevail over the moral and ideological ones7.

Nevertheless, studying today's youth, one should not draw hasty conclusions, engage in moralizing, and even more so evaluate it in terms of "bad" or "good". For a clearer vision of the picture and a deeper understanding of the processes taking place in the youth environment, let us analyze the socio-cultural atmosphere in which young people are socialized.

Social Transformations cultural sphere Russian society is associated with the formation of a system of market relations. Social change under conditions of instability social system, caused by the need to adapt to rapidly changing social conditions, led to the reform of many areas of public life. When discussing the state of affairs in modern Russia, the most common formula, as rightly noted by N.N. Volkov, became the phrase: “Russian society is in crisis”8.

Many researchers agree that, to a large extent, the crisis in Russia is nothing more than a dead end in the evolution of its morality. Describing the situation in the country, N.E. Pokrovsky writes: “In fact, in our society, a single field has been destroyed moral guidelines. Ideas about what is good and bad, moral and immoral, fair and unfair are extremely fragmented and most often reflect purely group interests”9.

The crisis of Russian society is the disintegration of a certain way of life and thinking. Therefore, the worldview crisis associated with the crisis of the value system is especially acute. Spiritual loss, on the one hand, and an active search for a new system of values, on the other, characterize the current socio-cultural situation in Russia. The presented picture is the background in the context of which the orientation and reorientation of the value orientations of young people takes place.

Changes in the value orientations of young people are associated with an essentially objective process of the evolution of social relations. And it is not the process of transformation itself that causes anxiety, but how it occurs, what direction it has.

Modern youth socialized during the period of the collapse of the social system, when the trust in the former social institutions and in many respects in societal values ​​was undermined. The new generation was practically spared from the assimilation of traditional values ​​and social norms freed from respect for authority and social institutions, from mastering the past experience of older generations. Such “freedom”, as rightly noted by K. Muzdybaev, could not but lead to a weakening of normativity and law-abidingness among the younger generation10.

The development of young people's qualities important for the market, which are being established in Russia with a certain degree of success, is adjacent to confusion - a lack of understanding of what is happening, a growing distrust of the authorities. The total crisis has created a situation of deep worldview disorientation among the youth, and one should not hope that the situation will resolve itself. The hierarchy of values ​​and systems of meanings are no longer common to all young people. The destruction of normativity is manifested in the disintegration of cultural and ethical social norms as generally accepted rules of behavior. According to M.Yu. Lokov, over the past decades, there has been a latent erosion of the norms and patterns of behavior of young people, which deformed the existing mechanism of intergenerational transmission of traditional values11.

Under the current conditions, a young person increasingly carries out his life as an autonomous subject, making an independent choice among the abundance of available goods and information, among the many values ​​and lifestyles offered. However, the urgent need for self-determination, which objectively forces young people to independently search for new significant models, in the absence of stable value and moral imperatives, increases the mosaic and fragmentation of both social experience and the consciousness of young people, contributes to the emergence of conflicting value worlds among them.

The socialization of modern young people was already carried out in the conditions of a value-mixed postmodern culture. And as a result, a young man, being unable to clearly fix his position in relation to the

existing axiological systems, is not able to form a model of self-identification.

According to many researchers, a person socialized in a postmodern culture is not only deprived of any moral guidelines, but also unable to identify his personality with certain value systems, i.e., to recognize himself as himself. Thus, the absence of clearly understood value priorities leads to the fact that a young person can morally choose any behavioral strategy, but has no value bases in order to make a choice in favor of any one of the equally possible ones.

Those who accuse modern youth of immorality and lack of spirituality overlook a very important detail: the youth that we have today is entirely a product of modern culture. As a result of the crisis processes taking place in modern society and, in particular, in the cultural sphere, we quite naturally get a “crisis” youth with a deformed value consciousness and an unstable value system as a whole. Society itself generates young people with a vague, and sometimes completely situational axiological system.

However, it would be unlawful to fully justify the current behavior of young people and remove from them the responsibility for choosing one or another life strategy. The problem of the formation of value orientations of young people is nothing more than a specific process of its socialization, which is an integral result of the interaction of two integral systems: on the one hand, society that affects the individual, on the other, the individual, actively and selectively assimilating the previous experience of society, norms, values ​​and traditions. At the same time, not everything is as simple and transparent regarding freedom of choice as it might seem at first glance. In this context, I would like to draw attention to two aspects.

First, speaking about the freedom of choice of young people, it should be noted that their freedom is very conditional. They are free only within the cultural space in which they are located, they choose only from those life scenarios and behavior patterns that a given culture in a given society offers them. But if this provision is applicable to almost any society, then the second aspect concerns exclusively modern postmodern society. Postmodern culture, offering at the same time many different behaviors and styles

life, disarms young people and plunges them into a state of confusion. In view of the absence of any hierarchy of values, young people become “helpless” in the face of an abundance of alternative possibilities for life strategies. Giving young people freedom of choice, society did not give them those value bases that would allow them to give preference to one or another life scenario, did not teach, did not suggest how to make such an important choice in their life.

The crisis of spirituality in modern Russia, which is so much talked about, takes the form of an identity crisis, when adherence to one's own national ideals conflicts with the need to modernize society.

This state of affairs is exacerbated by the accelerating process of globalization. Under the influence of globalization processes, the intensification of which caused the depreciation of local cultures and a shift to transcultural forms of spiritual life, young people are reorienting from the values ​​of traditional culture to examples of modern youth subculture based on the Western system of values. Against the background of the continuing decline in the cultural level of the population as a whole, the cultural disunity of the nations and nationalities inhabiting Russia, new generations of Russians have grown up, oriented towards Western cultural values ​​and way of life, who do not adequately know and underestimate the richness of the history and culture of their native country12.

Globalization is most clearly manifested in the unification of all aspects of society, especially value characteristics, according to the Western (primarily American) model, denoted by the term "Westernization". One of the most negative features of this process is the limitation of the possibility of manifestation of individuality as in autonomous social formations(peoples, nations, etc.), and in a single individual. The modern evaluation system in the Western world characterizes a person in accordance with his success in the implementation social functions, which are clearly expressed in the level of income. As a result, modern man spends most of his energy, time and money in pursuit of some ideal social status imposed from outside by means of the mass media.

All this has a depressing effect on young people, and the need for self-realization turns out to be one of the most urgent for them. And the more society strives for external uniformity and rationality, the more clearly this

the subconscious need and the more dangerous and antisocial character acquire the forms of its expression. Outwardly striving for general well-being, the global society is increasingly torn apart by internal contradictions. The paradox of this society is that, relying on reason, it simultaneously strives both for unification and unification, and for destruction and diversity13.

However, it is impossible to adjust the whole world to uniform standards - the standards of the West; cultural space. It is in such conditions of globalization that the axiological orientation of modern young people is formed, characterized by internal contradictions due to the interweaving of traditional mental structures with new global socio-cultural patterns and lifestyles.

And yet it would be wrong and very one-sided to describe the process of globalization exclusively in black colors. Globalization is possible, moreover, necessary and useful, but with the condition of changing the initially declared paradigm. It is necessary to strive not for unification and washing out of the unique national features of different peoples, but for the development of common human values, with which national traditions would not conflict, but would organically supplement them, making together a single cultural space.

And in this context, I would like to turn to the developments of L.N. Stolovich. Consideration of the value system, he begins with the statement fundamentally important issue: “Is the existence of universal human values ​​compatible with the national-ethnic, social-class, religious-confessional fragmentation of human society? Can we talk about universal human values ​​at all if people belonging to different socially and historically established communities invest different content in the value concepts of “honor”, ​​“duty”, “good”, etc.?”14. And he answers his own question with the words of Aristotle, which perfectly express this thought: “There is something just and unjust by nature, common to all, recognized as such by all peoples, even if there is no connection between them and no agreement regarding this”15.

Universal human values ​​are interconnected with national, individual, collective and group values.

They are expressed through these local values. Universal human values ​​and local values ​​complement each other dialectically.

Thus, the change in the paradigm of globalization should consist in moving its vector from a focus on the development of mankind by increasing its well-being within the framework of scientific and technological progress to a new priority, expressed in the creation of a global society that maximizes the manifestation of unique personality traits, the interpenetration and mutual enrichment of various cultures and development of common human values.

Summing up, we can say that each new era in its natural-historical development begins with a reassessment of the past, its spiritual values. This is a natural process of the evolution of social relations and the development of society as a whole. Generations change, and value systems change accordingly. Each subsequent generation brings something new to the axiological system. The value orientation of Russian youth is taking place today in special historical conditions. And in this regard, we should think about the following: how is the transformation of the value orientations of young people, what trends begin to prevail, how and to what extent can this be influenced?

The dominant trends in changing the spiritual life of young people in the context of a transforming society and the destabilization of the mechanism of socio-cultural regulation of the spiritual life of young people are: 1) differentiation and individualization of the consciousness of young people; 2) rationalization of value-normative consciousness, manifested in pragmatization, reorientation of spiritual values ​​from non-material to material, from terminal to instrumental; 3) deetization of consciousness, understood as a process of corrosion of the moral foundations of self-regulation in the youth environment; 4) a departure from the acceptance of the values ​​of obligation in favor of the liberal values ​​of self-development and pleasure in self-realization strategies16.

In many ways, this is facilitated by the growing globalization processes and features of modern postmodern culture, which cause young people to feel a sense of uncertainty, which has a dual effect on the mechanisms of sociocultural regulation, since it contributes not only to deformation, but also to the reorientation of spiritual values, in accordance with which at present there is a slowdown, "freezing" of the process of degradation of spiritual life with subsequent

a general restructuring of the value-normative order in society. Therefore, it is not so much about the disintegration of spiritual values ​​and the lack of spirituality of young people, but about plurality and the revival of the spiritual life of young people on other grounds17.

Thus, there is a difficult transition from one value to another, the formation of synthetic value-normative systems that combine the old socio-cultural patterns and new emerging values.

Notes

1 Stolovich L.N. About universal values ​​// Questions of Philosophy.

2004. No. 7. P. 87

2 Mukarzhovsky Ya. Studies in aesthetics and theory of art. M., 1994. S. 93.

3 Yakovuk T.I. Uncertainty factor in the socio-cultural regulation of the spiritual life of youth: Abstract of the thesis. dis. ... Dr. Soc.. Sciences. M., 2006. S. 3.

4 Sorokin P.A. Selected works. M., 1994. S. 115.

5 Lapin N.I. How do Russian citizens feel, what do Russian citizens aspire to/According to the results of monitoring “Our values ​​and interests today” // Sociological research. 2003. No. 6. P. 30.

6 Martyanova O. Social values ​​of modern Russian youth [Electronic resource] // Newspaper "Petrozavodsk University" - Electron. data. - Petrozavodsk, 1995-2008. - Access mode: http://www.petrsu.rU/Structure/NewsPaper/2002/0524/5.htm, free. -Title From the screen. - The data correspond to 26.04.08.

7 Omelchenko E. Russian youth at the turn of the century // Bulletin of Moscow State University. Series 8: "History". 2005. No. 3. P. 90.

8 Volkova N.N. Formation of value orientations of youth in the context of the socio-cultural crisis // Domestic Journal of Social Work.

2005. No. 1. S. 20.

9 Pokrovsky N.E. Transit of Russian valuables; unrealized alternative, anomie, globalization // Traditional and new values: politics, society, culture. M., 2001. S. 51.

10 Muzdybaev K. Life strategies of modern youth // Journal of Sociology and Social Anthropology. 2004. No. 1. P. 187

11 Lokova M.Yu. Structural transformation of the value orientations of young people in the modernizing Russian society: Abstract of the thesis. dis. ... cand. philosophy Sciences. M., 2007. S. 4.

12 Education of youth by means of culture and art. M., 2006. S. 4.

13 Zubarev A. The problem of personal self-realization in a globalizing society and the prospects for post-technogenic worldview reformation

[Electronic resource] // Website of the youth patriotic movement of the alter-globalization movement "VAL" - Electron. data. - M., 2008. - Access mode: bpi://wsh%^a1-t1b.ga^Mech.pbp?op1yup=com_con1ep1&task=view&id=115&Itemid=1, free. - Zagl. from the screen. - The data correspond to 26.04.08.

14 Stolovich L.N. About universal values ​​// Questions of Philosophy. 2004. No. 7. P. 93.

15 Ibid. S. 94.

16 Yakovuk T.I. Uncertainty factor ... S. 24.

The concept of "value" is very widely used in philosophical and other specialized literature to indicate the human, social and cultural significance of certain phenomena of reality. Value (according to P Menzer) is what people's feelings dictate to recognize as standing above everything and what you can strive for, contemplate and treat with respect, recognition, reverence.

In fact, value is not a property of any thing, but an essence, a condition for the full existence of an object.

Value as the totality of all objects human activity can be considered as "objective values", i.e., objects of a value relationship. Value itself is a certain significance of the object for the subject. Values ​​are the essence and properties of an object, a phenomenon. These are also certain ideas, views, through which people satisfy their needs and interests.

Methods and criteria, on the basis of which the procedures for evaluating the relevant phenomena are carried out, are fixed in the public consciousness and culture, as well as subjective values. Thus, objective and subjective values ​​are two pluses of a person's value attitude to the world around him.

What for one person may be a value, another may underestimate, or even not consider it a value at all, that is, value is always subjective.

From a formal point of view, values ​​are divided into positive and negative (among them low value can be distinguished), absolute and relative, subjective and objective. According to the content, real values, logical and aesthetic values ​​are distinguished.

Considering the essence and features of the concept of "values", scientists also use such concepts as "ethics of values", "philosophy of values". The first is connected with the works of N. Hartmann, the second - F. Nietzsche, who tried to carry out a reassessment of all values, "order them by rank."

Any historical social form of life arrangement, life activity of people has not just individual values, but their system, a certain hierarchy of values. Without the assimilation of such a system of values ​​by the individual, without determining one's own attitude towards them, not only the successful process of socialization of the individual is impossible, but also the corresponding maintenance of the normative order in society in general.

When they talk about a system of values, they mean not just a certain set of ideal means of human activity, but a specific cultural phenomenon, a kind of "pyramidal prism" in which and through which the entire system of real life relations between the subject and the world around him is refracted.

Value systems themselves do not exist in strict historical time frames. They make themselves felt outside (in terms of time) of the social community in which they arose and manifested themselves to the maximum. Let us take as an example the values ​​of ancient times, or the Enlightenment, or those closest to our understanding, perception and feeling of the values ​​of the recent socialist time, the nostalgic adherence to which remains in

many citizens and on the path of today's social social transformations, the transition from totalitarianism to democracy.

At one time, Marxism-Leninism denied any kind of relativism in the interpretation of values, promoted the ideas historical continuity in the development of value systems. It is this kind of continuity (according to O. G. Drobnitsky and others) that contributes to the formation of the so-called system of universal human values, which are priorities in subsequent times and eras. In general, these statements are not unfounded, because such values ​​as Goodness, Humanism, Peace and many others, in fact, have a great social and universal significance (with only a few features) at any time and even in various formations.

Priority is given to the individual values ​​of people (personalities), because only a certain sum of them can represent social values, the values ​​of the whole society.

The hierarchy of individual (personal) values ​​is a kind of connecting link between the individual person (individual) and society, its culture as a whole. In other words, there is the spiritual world of the person himself and a certain culture of society, which are interconnected and interact through the values ​​of a certain person.

Not all needs and values ​​are clearly recognized and recognized by a person. At the same time, it is important to take into account the psychological circumstance that for the vast majority of people, they themselves are a super value, that is, "I am a value!" To a certain extent, this is an objective phenomenon, because the highest goal of a person is his self-realization, self-development and self-improvement.

A highly developed personality (let's remember Prometheus, Jesus Christ, Don Quixote, etc.) would rather sacrifice his own physical life than give up his "I-image". And although the development of individuality, personality is a complex, contradictory process, most often carried out through trial and error, it is wonderful that for each person the most important thing is their own development. It’s great that having achieved something, we can suddenly realize that we didn’t have time, couldn’t, didn’t do a lot. The main thing is that value orientations cannot be set or introduced by someone from outside. They are the result and prerequisites of the activity of a particular person.

Value orientations (or, more rarely, preferences) are a certain set of hierarchically interconnected values ​​that sets the direction of a person's life activity.

From a young age, a person basically joins various values, understands for himself their essence and meaning. Further, in the process of learning, comprehensive development, accumulation of life experience, a person develops the ability to independently choose a system-forming value, that is, one that this moment seems to her the most significant and at the same time sets a certain hierarchy of values.

In the consciousness of each person, personal values ​​are reflected in the form of social, value orientations, which are figuratively called the "axis of consciousness", which ensures the stability of the individual. "Value orientations are the most important elements of the internal structure of the personality, fixed life experience individual, the totality of his experiences and limiting the significant, essential for a given person from the insignificant, insignificant ".

An individual person can recognize many values ​​as really existing, influencing his life, but not all of them he chooses and recognizes as his personal goals and tasks of life. One way or another, the majority of conscious, recognized as one's own values, the desire to be guided by them allow a person to interact with other people, to contribute to the development of society, both materially and spiritually.

The value orientations of a person are formed into a certain system, which has (in the form of subsystems) three main directions: socio-structural orientations and plans; plans and orientation to a certain way of life; human activity and communication in the sphere of various social institutions.

Among the entire hierarchy of values, one can single out those that are universal, or global, that is, inherent in the maximum number of people, for example, Freedom, Labor, Creativity, Humanism, Solidarity, Humanity, Family, Nation, People, Children, etc.

The presence and development of individual values ​​in global scale does not always bring the desired results in the first place

due to their inconsistency with local realities. For example, the values ​​of the "consumer society" are incompatible with the needs of developing countries, because they simply cannot be satisfied. Citizens of such countries, especially young people, will simply not get anything but disappointment from promoting and cultivating such values. Thus, value orientations are:

1) ideological, political, moral, aesthetic and other assessments by a specific subject of the surrounding reality and orientation in it;

2) a way of a certain differentiation of objects by an individual according to their significance.

Value orientations are formed in the process of assimilation by a person of a certain social experience and are manifested in his goals, beliefs, interests, i.e., in the process of socialization.

In turn, socialization is the process of transferring the social experience of a given culture (roles, values, skills, knowledge, norms) to individual members of society. The purpose of socialization is to help the emerging personality survive and adapt in the social flow of certain difficulties, crises, and even various revolutions - environmental, energy, information, computer; to master the experience that older, previous generations have accumulated; understand and clarify one's vocation and determine one's own place in society; to independently find ways of the most effective adaptation to it.

The value orientations of a person not only determine the motivation of individual behavior, but in the aggregate (as a variety of ideas about social and political life) constitute the worldview of a person as a person.

In accordance with the orientation towards certain values, their hierarchy in the minds of young people, psychological and behavioral responses To change the socio-political situation in the transition countries, several typological groups of youth can be identified and characterized.

The first group is young people who have retained the old values ​​or at least give preference to them. Representatives of this group (approximately no more than 10%) support the communist, socialist, partly peasant parties in Ukraine,

are part of the Komsomol organizations. These young people are prone to protests, pickets, demonstrations, and other actions of social protest, both independently and together with older comrades who actively involve them in this, including with a view to subsequently changing the political course. To a large extent, such young people deny the path of market transformations, are open adherents of the authoritarian consciousness and sympathize with charismatic leaders and leaders.

The second group includes those who are diametrically opposed in their value orientations to the first group. These are young men and women who almost completely deny the values ​​of the past, advocate the ideas of transforming society on the basis of the values ​​that societies with a developed market economy and a high level of social security of citizens have. More than half of young people perceive the values ​​of a market economy, uphold private property, give preference to the freedom of economic choice of each person (where to work or not to work at all). According to research conducted among the youth of Ukraine, almost two-thirds of young people consider themselves committed to the maximum enrichment of each person as a condition for creating a rich society.

The third group is young people (a very small number) who, although they criticize the values ​​of a socialist society, do not completely deny them, but require some correction while maintaining such mandatory attributes as a single state, the basic principles of the structure of society. Young people belonging to this group are related to the labor and trade union movement, and promote the ideas of liberalism. In the case of a slow development of transformation processes towards a society with a market economy, the youth of this group will most likely replenish the first group, which is more determined to return the values ​​of a planned-distributive, socialist society.

The fourth group includes young people who are characterized not only by the denial of the "old world", but intolerance to any values ​​other than their own. Scientists define this type of people as quasi-revolutionary, because they are so radical that they not only seek to break off their relations with the old structures, but are also ready to destroy them, destroy them. Such young people are quite accurately characterized by radicalism, intolerance towards

accumulation, denial of objective historical continuity in the development of society and its citizens. There are many of them among the so-called "new" Bolsheviks, whose views have some specific national coloring. These are individual journalists, young writers, representatives of the technical and creative intelligentsia, publicists, parliamentarians, and students.

A more detailed division of youth into separate groups is also possible, taking into account those values, the basic foundations of which are not just the ideas of communism or capitalism (which looks very one-sided and primitive), but also liberalism, national democracy, national radicalism, nationalism, ochlocracy, utopianism etc.

Similar information.

• Bartasevich Nikolai Sergeevich, bachelor, student
• Bashkir State Agrarian University

• MORAL STANDARDS
• VALUE ORIENTATIONS
• THE YOUTH
• VALUES
• BEHAVIORAL PRIORITIES

The article is devoted to modern youth and its value orientations. Values ​​are not only a guideline for a person's life, determining his goals and aspirations, but also act as a social control mechanism to maintain order and demonstrate a healthy lifestyle.

• Comparative characteristics of the value orientations of boys and girls
• Family as a factor in the spiritual and moral formation of a teenager's personality
• Ways and prospects for improving social and legal mechanisms for the prevention of gambling among young people

The reforms carried out by modern Russian society in a fairly short period of time have led to the transformation of social institutions, norms, values ​​and attitudes of people. A sharp transition to a fundamentally different model of social development, the difficulties of the transition period actualize the need for a balanced state policy in relation to the younger generation in order to help in adapting to changed living conditions, integrating into a new system of social relations.

In Russia, a crisis of the value system is long overdue, acting as a fall in moral norms, the absence of clear rules, principles and imperatives that characterize the direction in the actions and deeds of the individual. Ideas about value orientations are blurred, there is no competent mechanism for the formation and way of influencing the consciousness and behavior of the individual. Accordingly, the attitude towards education, work, relatives, and family has changed. The breakdown of value orientations led to a decline in the prestige of socially significant work, an increase in deviant behavior, indifference, and social passivity.

The decline in the system of value orientations of young people is especially pronounced in their attitude to education as a basic social value. The modern education system focuses on selfeducation and self-study, development of creative abilities of students. This is manifested in generalization, critical analysis, development of knowledge based on previous experience. However, today's youth is not ready for such individual steps. Most of them do not know how to independently develop judgments, establish causal relationships, identify patterns, think logically correctly, formulate their ideas harmoniously and convincingly, and competently argue conclusions.

Despite the fact that modern society is actively introducing information technologies, young people, especially students, as Internet users do not always use them effectively. The educational information field is flooded with ready-made "crib" products of rather low quality, written essays, term papers, theses, and even educational material of dubious content. Today's youth is not ready to use primary sources, being inclined to use abridged versions, interpreted by no one. The vast majority of young people are focused on getting any education with minimal effort - just to get a diploma. High level claims to education is instrumental in nature, education is seen as a means of a promising competitive position in the labor market and only then as a way to acquire knowledge.

Standing aside is a stable worldview and moral position, manifested in social responsibility, decency, and sincerity. Youth, as in other things and the whole society, is characterized by confusion, misunderstanding of what is happening. She is often credited with hard pragmatism, social immaturity, infantilism, aggressiveness, envy.

Material well-being remains the dominant feature of life values ​​and behavioral priorities. Recently, the following trend has been observed: young people generally prefer not so much spiritual and moral values ​​as big money. For example, for 73% of the 600 young people surveyed, material well-being is an incentive for their vital activity. The ability to make a fortune for the majority is a measure of human happiness. The usefulness of work for most young people is determined by the achievements of their own economic prosperity. Moreover, the main goal is to make money, and in any way possible, if only this way would bring income and the more, the better. And therefore, success in life is associated with enterprise and money, and not with talent, knowledge and diligence.

Such a breakdown of value orientations among young people clearly emerges among the still undeveloped stable system of their moral socio-cultural attitudes. Moreover, the changed life (transition from administrative planning to market mechanisms) requires new behaviors. Such life principles, as "it is better to be honest, but poor" and "a clear conscience is more important than well-being", are gone and such as "you - to me, I - to you", "success - at any cost" have come to the fore. There is a clear orientation of economic values ​​associated with the fastest enrichment, and success is determined by the presence of expensive goods, fame, fame. In the minds of today's youth, a motivational attitude to one's own strength in the realization of life goals and interests in the spirit of the new conditions of market economy is clearly expressed, but here, as you know, any path is possible.

In relation to family values, young people put independence and career, achieving a high status above all else. The family is planned in the long term, after creating a successful, in their opinion, career.

Communicative values ​​move away as they grow older. The vector of change in value norms and rules that characterize behavior is determined by market relations. Faithful friends, reliable comrades remain in childhood. Relationships with loved ones are becoming more and more steadily selfish, commercial in nature. In the youth environment, a selfish individualistic attitude (“for himself”) is higher than humane relations, mutual understanding, mutual support and mutual assistance. High communication skills are shown with the right, influential people, reflecting a certain desired status.

Features of the economy in market conditions management are such that it is necessary to radically reconsider:

• a system of values ​​that allows one to develop promising life positions, a strategy in one's professional, cognitive, social activities;
• a culture of thinking, which is a spiritual education and characterizes the measure of social development and a sense of responsibility;
• integrativity of value attitudes, the penetration of which will form the way of life that will provide guaranteed reliability in various fields activities.

Attention to the formation of values ​​and value orientations should become the fundamental basis of any society. They define the scope of human life, interests, needs, social relations, criteria for assessing significance, expressed in moral ideals, attitudes, which gives each a special life meaning. Values ​​are not only a guideline for a person's life, determining his goals and aspirations, but also act as a social control mechanism to maintain order and demonstrate a healthy lifestyle.

Purposeful work should be carried out with the media in order to highlight the positive aspects of the lifestyle. Young people daily face a huge flow of mass propaganda, absorbing far from humane information. For the most part, this negative information zombifies a person, develops specific negative attitudes and does not develop positive thinking, which subsequently affects the complex of actions and deeds of individual individuals.

The formation of values ​​is also influenced by the economic and social deformations taking place in society. Complex social phenomena, the heterogeneity of political and economic processes affect changes in social ideals and values. Those priorities that previously seemed unshakable are being replaced by others that determine today's life realities. A new range of value orientations appears, which means that old ideals and traditions are being destroyed and a different type of personality is being formed.

New priorities in the system of values, interests and social norms among young people will be further reflected in their minds, and then in behavior, activity and, ultimately, in social well-being. The active life position of young people is most often expressed in the growth of labor, socio-political, cognitive and other types of activity, in social mobility, in the formation not of an anarchistic market consciousness, but of a civilized productively meaningful mentality. And this process should be regulated and managed. And in this, the objectively existing conditions of life should play a huge role.

In our opinion, young people and their value orientations are large, complex and topical issue, which is the subject of many works in the sociological literature. It can be concluded that research in this area of ​​sociology is necessary to resolve the crisis that Russia is experiencing today. And the connection between such aspects of youth problems as youth subculture and youth aggressiveness is obvious. Only careful and systematic research in the field of development of social work with youth can help to understand the causes of the generational conflict that is taking place in our society. It is necessary to understand the essence of youth quests, to renounce the unconditional condemnation of what youth culture brings with it, to approach the phenomena of the life of modern youth in a differentiated way. It is also necessary to understand that young man need to define the boundaries real opportunities, find out what he is capable of, establish himself in society.

Thus, according to Boikov V.E., the values ​​of youth- general ideas shared by the general part of the youth regarding what is desirable, right and useful. Radical political and economic transformations entail changes in the value-normative base of both society as a whole and individual social groups. First of all, this concerns the younger generation. Young people who are not burdened by the burden of prejudices of old guidelines, on the one hand, adapt to new conditions faster, and accordingly have more chances to implement an active life strategy and achieve success, and on the other hand, they are more susceptible to the destructive influence of the consequences of macrosocial processes.

The conflicted self-awareness of young people is a consequence of the chaos that exists in the public life of modern Russia. The current situation in the country can be defined as a period between the old system of values, which gives significant failures, and new system values ​​that are just emerging. This is the time when a ready-made ideal is no longer imposed on young people on the threshold of life, and everyone has to determine for himself the meaning and direction of his life. Youth is a period of trial and error, trying on social roles, a period of choice. Ignoring in the course of economic reforms the state in which the youth consciousness is located, and the stable trends that have formed in it, can suspend and even completely block progress along the path of transformation and turn them into something different from the original plan.

A comprehensive study of the younger generation is of fundamental importance for adjusting the state youth policy, for creating effective and effective programs facilitating the entry of this generation into society. Youth movements, youth subculture, labor and social activity of young people, the process of young people entering an independent working life, changes in value orientations, youth associations within subcultures, socio-psychological characteristics of the youth age group, etc. are analyzed. Sociology is called the science of the XXI century. Research and scientific developments of the last five years on youth issues have given society an understanding of many of the processes taking place in the youth environment. Scientists talk about a differentiated approach in working with teenagers, young people, young families, and so on. Sociology gives us an understanding of young people as a part of our society, to which the "adult community" refers either with fear, or with irritation, or with incomprehension. Whereas an innovative society interested in its future must create conditions for the self-realization of young people and correctly exercise social control over young people.

This is confirmed by the following quote from Erickson: “A young man, like an acrobat on a trapeze, must, with one powerful movement, lower the crossbar of childhood, jump over and grab onto the next crossbar of maturity. He must do this in a very short period of time, relying on the reliability of those whom he must lower and those who will receive him on the opposite side.

Bibliography

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2. Igebaeva F.A. Modern youth in the context of the transformation of Russian society // In the collection: Innovative education, humanism and the system of value orientations of modern Russian society: problems and prospects collection of articles of the All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference. Center for Applied scientific research. 2010. S. 39-42.
3. Petrov A.V. Value preferences of young people: diagnostics and trends of change // Sotsiol. research. 2008. - No. 2.
4. Semenov V.E. Value orientations of modern youth //Sociol. research. 2007 - No. 4.
5. Igebaeva F.A. The socializing function of the family in the formation of the personal qualities of the child // Topical issues of technical, economic and humanitarian sciences. Sat. articles of the International Scientific and Practical Conference. - Georgievsk, 2011. - P.135 - 138.
6. Igebaeva F.A. Life priorities modern youth.//In the collection: Psychological and pedagogical problems of personality and social interaction, a collection of articles of the International Scientific and Practical Conference. Penza, 2010, pp. 94-96.
7. Igebaeva F.A., Nartdinova E.R. Internet addiction is a problem of modern man // In the collection: Information environment and its features on present stage development of world civilization. Materials of the international scientific-practical conference. 2012. S. 83-85.
8. Igebaeva F.A. Education in the hierarchy of values ​​of a modern student family. In the collection: Problems of Education in Modern Russia and the Post-Soviet Space XI International Scientific and Practical Conference (winter session): collection of articles. 2008. S. 25-27.
9. Igebaeva F.A. The potential of youth is the most important resource for the sustainable development of Bashkortostan. In the collection: Personality and Society: Problems of Philosophy, Psychology and Sociology, collection of articles of the International Scientific and Practical Conference. Penza. 2010, pp. 164-166.
10. Cherkasova T.V. Youth about conflict factors and youth policy. Sociol. research. 2004. -№3.
11. Igebaeva F.A. Influence of the family on the value orientations of youth In the book: Creativity and development of educational systems. Abstracts of reports. 1997. S. 68-71.
12. Boikov V.E. Values ​​and guidelines public consciousness Russians // Sociol. research. 2004. - No. 7.

Regional state educational institution

"Irkutsk State Pedagogical College No. 1"

Department of Pedagogy and Psychology

Value orientations of modern youth

Performed:

Antropova Ekaterina Olegovna

Introduction

1. Characteristics of modern youth as a social stratum of society

2. Values ​​of modern youth

Conclusion

Bibliography

Introduction

“Value orientations are elements of the internal (dispositional) structure of the personality, formed and fixed by the life experience of the individual in the course of the processes of socialization and social adaptation, delimiting the significant (essential for a given person) from the insignificant (insignificant) through (non) acceptance by the individual of certain values, realized in as a frame (horizon) of the ultimate meanings and fundamental goals of life, as well as determining acceptable means for their implementation” 1 .

Characteristics of modern youth as a social stratum of society

Currently, modern society is in a very difficult position. After the change of political regime, the country has not come to its senses yet. All foundations were shaken, value orientations were lost, spiritual and moral ideals disappeared. In search of new ideals, we lose our traditions and foundations and begin to destroy ourselves. We do not see the point in our existence, so we do not notice how we gradually disappear.

Some live in the past, listening to the stories of elders about the wonderful time when all problems were supposedly successfully solved. Others, on the contrary, behave aggressively towards all innovations, criticize everything and everyone. Still others, in despair, go nowhere, get drunk, use drugs, turn into homeless people, take the path of crime. Still others begin to look for a “way to God,” join “false-religious” sects of various kinds, and become addicted to mysticism and witchcraft. Fifth, realizing that only with the help of one's own activity one can achieve success in life, they are looking for ways to solve problems that arise. Therefore, young people are left to themselves in all respects. In our time, public opinion on certain actions on the part of the younger generation does not have the power and influence, as, for example, 40 years ago. Therefore, young people have no prohibitions. They learn from their own mistakes.

A vivid example can be given as a pioneer organization during the Soviet era. Every teenager should have been a pioneer. Those who did not belong to it and did not wear a red tie were considered hooligans and were not approved by society. This organization disciplined and educated the younger generation. The children were busy with social work.

Now we have the younger generation left to their own devices. Parents are at work, and teenagers, if they are not busy in any circle, then they have a lot of free time that they spend on a computer or on something else that is not very useful. As a result, not knowing what to do, what to do, informal movements are formed, a couple having a bad influence on young minds.

Now the trend is reversed. Many young people go in for sports, especially new sports (skateboard, snowboard, cycling). A person who plays sports deserves respect. But basically, the sediment of that "troubled" time remained. Now, however, despite these gaps, if you go down the street you can see a lot of drinking companies wandering around the streets doing nothing.

1. Values ​​of today's youth

The authors of many concepts about the meaning of human existence believe that the axial meaning of human existence, its semantic center, are certain values ​​or a system of values. True, these values ​​are understood differently in each source.

The science of values ​​- axiology - deals with the analysis of all points of view and their unification. Values ​​are what life is for. And the pair between the terms value and idea put an equal sign, but this is not so. An idea can become a value if, in addition to its neutral content, it carries with it a general desire to realize it. After all, when we achieve something, we lose interest in it. And a value, even realized, does not lose its due quality, it still turns out to be ahead, because, even realized, it must be in the process of realization, realized in every new act of life, always retained as life itself.

Therefore, in order to determine the values ​​of modern youth, we decided to conduct an anonymous survey, which consisted of 18 questions. The questions were, as well as the choice of an answer (for example: yes, no), and the participants in the survey were asked to express their opinion. Here are some questions:

How do you understand the word "happiness"?

How do you understand love?

Do you have an idol?

What is money for you?

Also, the circle of participants was limited by the age category. The age of the respondents ranged from 15 to 26 years. 45 people were interviewed. 58% of the respondents were men, and the rest were women. And about 44% of all respondents were employed.

After classifying all responses, questions asked In the survey, we came up with the following results:

Happiness among the younger generation is perceived as a state of inner harmony and peace of mind, and happiness for the majority of respondents is caused by being with close and dear people;

in 60% of young people, love is associated with feelings such as respect, mutual understanding, responsibility, mutual understanding, and so on;

money has a contradictory significance in life, for example, 36% said that money is “evil”, “garbage”, “paper”, which are not particularly important in their lives, but for 33% they mean “well-being”, “power” ;

the majority (58%) did not have an idol, but whoever has an idol is a modern show business star;

I was pleased that the majority of respondents read literature, mainly such genres as fiction and popular science;

also 90% of young people have a dream. And they understand it as a life goal, an aspiration for something, and also a dream, something that should come true, that is, the coming future;

a positive attitude to a healthy lifestyle was expressed by all those who participated in the survey, but among them it turned out that only 11% of people who go in for sports;

negative attitudes towards drugs, smoking and alcohol (70%, 60% and 45% respectively) were caused by the majority of respondents, but a significant part also consumes alcohol and smokes (44% and 33%).

From all this, we can conclude that at present the process of forming the values ​​of youth is still underway. If love evokes such bright feelings, it means that young people are thinking about family relationships, and therefore about procreation. And this affects the birth rate, which shows the level of development of society. Also, the happiness associated with loved ones speaks of the revival of the tradition of respect and love for elders, which helps to preserve the original culture of our people.

We can say that there are basic basic values, but they are still on the way of development. This also says that many expressed respect and a positive opinion on a healthy lifestyle, but only 40% expressed their opinion on sports and themselves, if possible. Also, most of the respondents drink alcohol or alcohol.

Conclusion

The purpose of this work was to consider the value orientations of modern youth. During the study, this issue was considered, and we came to the conclusion that values ​​are at the stage of development and so far the basic ones are happiness, love, personal well-being.

The tasks were disclosed quite fully and deployed. The continuation of this work may be further observation and analysis of the situation among young people as a social stratum of society for several more years.

In our work, it was difficult to select material, since this topic requires fresh data. So pick up desired material it was very difficult. These were mainly articles from magazines, personal experience and analysis of Internet resources.

Bibliography

Mukhin, A.A. Generation 2008: ours and not ours [Text] / A. A. Mukhin. - M.: Publishing House Algorithm, 2006. - 256 p.

Abisheva, A.K. On the concept of "value" [Text] / A. K. Abisheva // Questions of Philosophy. - 2002 - No. 3. - S. 139-146.

Karakovsky, V.A. The educational system of the school: pedagogical ideas and experience of formation [Text] / V. A. Karakovsky. - M .: Scientific and methodological association "Creative Pedagogy", 1991. - 154 p.

Karakovsky, V.A. Become human. Human values ​​- the basis of a holistic educational process [Text] / V. A. Karakovsky. - M .: Scientific and methodological association "Creative Pedagogy", 1993. - 80 p.

Stepanov, P. Education.ru [Text] / P. Stepanov // Class teacher. - 2006 - No. 4. - S. 35-37.

Kudinova, N.S. Value preferences of schoolchildren: ways of studying [Text] / N. S. Kudinova // Class teacher. - 2006 - No. 4. - S. 105-108.

Encyclopedia of sociology [Internet resource] / A. A. Gritsanov [and others]. – Series "The World of Encyclopedias", - http: // slovari.yandex.ru/dict/sociology/article/soc/soc-1273.htm (20 Jan. 2006)

Appendix 1

Protective word

In our time, the question of the value orientations of modern Russian society and, in particular, youth is acute. Youth is a new generation, which should become a replacement for their parents and a support for society and the state.

Consequently, value orientations, especially of young people, determine the level of spiritual, cultural and moral values ​​of the whole society, as well as what it has achieved.

I chose this topic not by chance. I am interested in it, so I study a lot of literature on similar topics in various sources. For me, this issue is important, and I think it will also impress many people. This topic is relevant not only for teachers due to the specifics of their occupation, but also for other people, since basic values ​​are important for the whole society. After all, values ​​are becoming one of the fundamental factors in the development of society. And now much attention is paid to this problem, both from the side of the state and from the side of society.

The purpose of this work is to analyze the value orientations of modern youth.

The objectives of our work are as follows:

Describe modern youth as a social stratum of society

Analyze the values ​​of modern youth

Every historical era had its own ideals and values. For example, in Orthodox Russia there was faith, in the Russian Empire the tsar was the ideal of a person, in Soviet times there were such values ​​as work, comradeship, respect for elders, mutual assistance.

Currently, modern society is in a very difficult position. After the change of political regime, the country has not come to its senses yet. All foundations were shaken, value orientations were lost, spiritual and moral ideals disappeared. In search of new ideals, we lose our traditions and foundations and begin to destroy ourselves. We do not see the point in our existence, so we do not notice how we gradually disappear.

Modern youth goes through its formation in very difficult conditions of breaking many old values ​​and forming new social relations. Hence confusion, pessimism, disbelief in the present and future.

Some live in the past, listening to the stories of elders about the wonderful time when all problems were supposedly successfully solved. Others, on the contrary, behave aggressively towards all innovations, criticize everything and everyone. Still others, in despair, go nowhere, get drunk, use drugs, turn into homeless people, take the path of crime. Still others begin to look for a “way to God,” join “false-religious” sects of various kinds, and become addicted to mysticism and witchcraft. Fifth, realizing that only with the help of one's own activity one can achieve success in life, they are looking for ways to solve problems that arise. Therefore, young people are left to themselves in all respects. In our time, public opinion on certain actions on the part of the younger generation does not have the power and influence, as, for example, 40 years ago. Therefore, young people have no prohibitions. They learn from their own mistakes.

Now we have young people left to their own devices. Parents are at work, and teenagers, if they are not busy in any circle, then they have a lot of free time that they spend on a computer or on something else that is not very useful. As a result, not knowing what to do, what to do, where to realize oneself, informal movements are formed, which in a couple have a bad influence on young minds.

If we analyze the literature and the media in the 90s of the last century and the beginning of the 2000s (2000-2004), there was a time of crisis in the country. Addictions such as drug addiction, alcoholism, and smoking began to pick up pace sharply. Among young people it was considered prestigious.

Now the trend is reversed. Many young people go in for sports, especially new sports (skateboard, snowboard, cycling). A person who plays sports deserves respect. But basically, the sediment of that "troubled" time remained. Now, however, despite these gaps, if you go down the street you can see a lot of drinking companies wandering around the streets doing nothing. But all this speaks of their upbringing, of the basic values ​​that are instilled. The authors of many concepts about the meaning of human existence believe that the axial meaning of human existence, its semantic center, are certain values ​​or a system of values. True, these values ​​are understood differently in each source.

For example, the famous German philosopher Hans Lenk believes that the value is the interpretation in which the subject expresses his preferences. And S.Yu. Golovin, value is a concept used in philosophy and sociology to designate objects, phenomena, their properties, as well as abstract ideas that embody social ideals and, due to this, act as a standard of due.

Values ​​are what life is for. And the pair between the terms value and idea put an equal sign, but this is not so. An idea can become a value if, in addition to its neutral content, it carries with it a general desire to realize it. After all, when we achieve something, we lose interest in it. And a value, even realized, does not lose its due quality, it still turns out to be ahead, because, even realized, it must be in the process of realization, realized in every new act of life, always retained as life itself.

Also, values ​​do not exist objectively, like material things. They are the result of the creativity of each human being. Therefore, in order to get an idea of ​​the values ​​of the whole society, one must consider the values ​​of each or most of the people that make up this society.

Therefore, in order to determine the values ​​of modern youth, we decided to conduct an anonymous survey, which consisted of 18 questions. The circle of participants was limited by the age category. The age of the respondents ranged from 15 to 26 years. 45 people were interviewed.

The results of the survey, which I considered necessary, you can see presented in the diagrams.

After a complete study of the survey, we can conclude that the basic values ​​are family, personal happiness. A positive attitude towards a healthy lifestyle is also formed, and a negative attitude towards such phenomena as smoking and alcohol. The negative attitude towards drugs has already completed its formation, but the above 2 are just beginning their process of forming a negative opinion. In general, all values ​​are still very unsteady in our minds, therefore, in order to judge thoroughly, we still need to conduct an observation for several more years, then we will be able to judge with accuracy which values ​​have formed to the end and occupied a basic place in our subconscious.

Appendix 2

Please enter your gender:

Enter your age: _________________________.

Your occupation:

What for in your understanding is happiness?

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

How do you understand love?

What does money mean to you?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Do you have an idol?

If there is an idol, then who is it?

_____________________________________________________________

Do you read books?

If "yes", what are they?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Do you have a dream?

What does the word "dream" mean to you?

How do you feel about a healthy lifestyle?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Do you play sports?

If no, would you like to, if possible?

How do you feel about drugs?

negative

Positively

Neutral

I use it myself

How do you feel about smoking?

negative

Positively

Neutral

I don't know, didn't think about it

I use it myself

How do you feel about alcohol?

negative

Positively

Neutral

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