Emotions and feelings, lists. Positive and negative emotions

Emotions and artistic creativity

Introduction

1.1 Components of emotion

1.2 Functions of emotions

1.3 The role of "positive" and "negative" emotions

1.4 Types of emotional states

1.5 Characteristics emotional response

1.6 Levels of emotional response according to S. L. Rubinshtein

1.7 Components emotional phenomena

2. Artistic creativity

2.1 The role of emotions in creativity

2.2 Role artistic creativity and imagination

2.3 Abilities and degrees of their development in artistic creativity

2.4 Features creative thinking and artistic creativity

Conclusion

Bibliography

Introduction

Every adult knows what emotions are, as they have repeatedly experienced them from the very beginning. early childhood. However, when asked to describe some emotion, to explain what it is, as a rule, a person experiences great difficulties. Experiences, sensations that accompany emotions are difficult to describe formally. Despite this, a lot has been written about emotions, both in fiction and scientific literature, they are of interest to philosophers, physiologists, psychologists. However, the problem of emotions is still mysterious and largely unclear. Meanwhile, the role of emotions in managing human behavior is great, and it is no coincidence that almost all authors writing about emotions note their motivating role, associate emotions with needs and their satisfaction. Emotions perform various functions, participate in the management of human behavior as an involuntary component, intervening into it both at the stage of recognizing the need and assessing the situation, and at the stage of making a decision and evaluating the achieved result. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of behavior control requires understanding and emotional sphere person, her role in this management.

Emotions

Emotions (from French emotion - excitement, excitement, emotion, from Latin emoveo - shake, excite) - this is a special class of mental processes and states that reflect in the form of direct experience the significance of phenomena and situations affecting the individual for the implementation of his life. Arising in response to the impact of vital events, emotions contribute to the direction of behavior towards them. From antiquity to the present day, the idea of emotions as an obviously negative factor that destroys the rational activity of a person has come down to us. Let us recall the myth of the charioteer proposed by Plato. Reason and feelings are presented in this myth in the form of two irreconcilable rivals who are able to move in one direction only under the whip of the charioteer - Will. The Stoics and Epicureans, for various reasons, called for refraining from emotions. And in our time, a similar view of emotions has been preserved, for example, in legal practice. Courts take into account emotional condition the accused at the time of the commission

crimes, implying that "great mental agitation" or affect leads to a loss of control over one's actions.

However, Charles Darwin already spoke about the biological expediency of emotions. According to some reports, man is the most emotional among the representatives of the animal world. Thus, it is logical to assume that the richness of the human emotional world, which far exceeds the elementary emotional reactions of animals, is useful for the survival and development of mankind.

Components of emotion

Emotion is a complex (mental) state that occurs in response to certain affectively colored experiences. Intense emotions have at least six common components. One of them is often recognized by us as a subjective experience - an affective state of feelings associated with a given emotion. Its second component is the reaction of the body. For example, when you are angry, your voice may tremble or rise against your will. The third component is a set of thoughts and beliefs that accompany an emotion and come to mind, apparently automatically. The experience of joy, for example, is often accompanied by thoughts about its causes. The fourth component of emotional experience is facial expression. If you feel disgusted, you are likely to frown, often with your mouth stretched wide and your eyelids closed. The fifth component is associated with global reactions to emotion; for example, with a negative emotion, your view of the world may "darken". The sixth component is the propensity for actions that are associated with a given emotion, that is, the tendency to behave the way people usually behave when experiencing a certain emotion. Anger, for example, can lead to aggressive behavior.

Thus, the components of emotions include:

1. Subjective experience of emotion.

2. Internal reactions of the body, especially the reactions of the autonomic nervous system.

3. Thoughts about the emotion and related situations.

4. Facial expression.

5. Own reactions to emotion.

6. Tendency to certain actions.

By itself, none of these components is an emotion. When a certain emotion arises, all these components act together. In addition, each of the components can affect other components. For example, a cognitive appraisal of a situation can trigger a specific emotion: if you think a department store clerk is trying to deceive you, you are likely to feel angry. But if you entered this situation already angry, then the likelihood that you will assess the behavior of the seller as dishonest will be even higher.

10 basic emotions: anger, contempt, disgust, distress (grief-suffering), fear, guilt, interest, joy, shame, surprise.

The components of emotion include: subjective experience of emotion, autonomic arousal, cognitive evaluation, emotional expression, general reactions on emotion and inclination to certain actions.

Cognitive evaluation is the analysis of the situation that caused the emotion. Such assessments affect both the strength of emotion and its quality.

Functions of emotions

The function of emotions is a narrow natural purpose, the work performed by emotions in the body, and their role (generalized meaning) is the nature and degree of participation of emotions in something, determined by their functions, or their influence on something other than their natural purpose. (i.e., a by-product of their functioning). The role of emotions can be positive and negative. The function of emotions, based on their expediency, is predetermined by nature to be only positive.

Functions of emotions.

1. Organizing function. Emotions, first of all, organize some activity, diverting strength and attention to it, which, of course, can interfere with parallel activities. Even such a biological reaction as affect, which usually disorganizes human activity, can be useful under certain conditions. For example, when an individual has to escape from a serious danger, relying solely on physical strength and endurance.

2. Mobilization function. The mobilizing function of emotions manifests itself, first of all, at the physiological level: the release of adrenaline into the blood during the emotion of fear increases the ability to escape, and lowering the threshold of sensation, as a component of the emotion of anxiety, helps to recognize threatening stimuli. In addition, the phenomenon of “narrowing of consciousness”, which is observed during intense emotional states, forces the body to focus all its efforts on overcoming the negative situation.

3. The evaluative function of emotions puts them on a par with other forms of cognition. Emotions reflect in the form of direct experience the significance (meaning) of phenomena and situations, body states and external influences and serve as one of the main mechanisms of internal regulation. mental activity and behavior aimed at meeting urgent needs. Emotion makes it possible to instantly assess the meaning of an isolated stimulus or situation for a person. Emotional assessment precedes the extensive conscious processing of information and therefore, as it were, "directs" it in a certain direction. Everyone knows how important the first impression we make on a new acquaintance is. If the first impression of a person is favorable, then in the future it is quite difficult to destroy the positive perception setting that has arisen. And vice versa, it is difficult to “rehabilitate” in our own eyes a person who for some reason seemed unpleasant to us.

4. The function of compensating for information deficit. The emergence of emotions as a mechanism that compensates for the lack of information is explained by the hypothesis of P.V. Simonov. Based on the data obtained during the examination of astronauts, P. V. Simonov suggested that the degree of emotional experience depends on two factors: 1) the significance of the need and 2) the difference between the information necessary to satisfy it (In) and available in this moment information (Id). This difference reflects, according to the author, the subjective probability of achieving the goal. And in the event that

Ying< Ид, наблюдается возникновение отрицательных эмоций (страх, гнев, тревога, отвращение), а если Ин >Id - something positive (joy, interest). emergence positive emotions enhances needs, and negative - reduces their intensity.

5. The function of stimulating and maintaining activity. Emotions are related to the processes of internal regulation of behavior. Being a subjective form of expressing needs, they precede activities to satisfy them, prompting and directing it. As already mentioned, the regulation of our activities is carried out not only on the basis of knowledge about the world, but also focusing on emotions. Modern man he is very sophisticated in terms of motivating his behavior, but it is emotions that reveal to him (and others) the true motives. During the implementation of the activity, the dynamics of emotions signals its success or obstacles.

6. The regulatory function of emotions indicates the ability of emotions to leave traces in the experience of the individual, fixing in it all the influences, as well as the successful / unsuccessful actions that aroused them.

7. The function of trace formation. This function is a logical continuation of the regulatory function. Actualization of traces usually precedes the development of events, and the emotions that arise in this case signal a possible favorable or unfavorable outcome. Emotion often arises after this or that event has ended, that is, when it is too late to act. The formation of an associative link between a negative emotion and a certain type of situation keeps one from repeating mistakes in the future, while positive emotions, on the contrary, reinforce acceptable forms of behavior. Especially important given function when the adaptive outcome of behavior is delayed. In addition, emotions tend to generalize. All situations that are somewhat similar to those that have already been experienced acquire a certain emotional marker. In general, the mechanism of generalization of emotions is positive, but sometimes it also acquires pathological, irrational forms of phobias.

8. Communication function. The expressive (expressive) component of emotions makes them "transparent" to the social environment. The emotional experience of a person is much broader than the experience of his individual experiences: it is formed as a result of emotional empathy that arises in communication with other people, in particular, transmitted by means of art. The ability to empathize, i.e., to comprehend the emotional state of another person, the ability to experience sympathy, compassion, to share the feelings of another person, is perhaps one of the most important functions of emotions. In the manifestation of sympathy, there is an emotional realization of humanity as a need for the well-being of another. Emotions are known to be contagious. The "infection" of the emotional state occurs precisely because people can understand and try on the experiences of another person. This phenomenon is often observed during laughter: one of the members of the group begins to laugh for a very specific reason, while others simply pick up the laughter. On an emotional level, we "communicate" with nature, works of art, animals and plants. In order for the content of an emotion to be correctly interpreted by others, emotions must be expressed in a conventional form. This is partly achieved by innate implementation mechanisms. basic emotions. To a large extent, the significance of facial expressions and especially pantomime is comprehended in the course of socialization.

9. Function of disorganization. Intense emotions can disrupt the effective flow of activity. Even affect is useful when a person needs to fully mobilize his physical forces. However, the prolonged action of intense emotion causes the development of a state of distress, which, in turn, actually leads to a disorder of behavior and health.

The role of "positive" and "negative" emotions

"Negative" emotions play a more important biological role than "positive" emotions. It is no coincidence that the mechanism of "negative" emotions functions in a child from the first days of his birth, and "positive" emotions appear much later. A “negative” emotion is an alarm signal, a danger to the body. "Positive" emotion is a signal of returned well-being. It is clear that the last signal does not need to sound for a long time, so emotional adaptation to the good comes quickly. The alarm signal must be given until the danger is eliminated. As a result, only “negative” emotions can become stagnant. "Negative" emotions are harmful only in excess, just as everything that exceeds the norm is harmful. Fear, anger, rage increase the intensity of metabolic processes, lead to better nutrition brain, increase the body's resistance to overload, infections, etc.

The neural mechanisms of positive emotional reactions are more complex and subtle than those of negative ones. "Positive" emotions have an independent adaptive meaning, i.e. the role of "positive" emotions is different from the role of "negative" emotions: "positive" emotions induce living systems to actively violate the achieved "balance" with environment: “The most important role of positive emotions is an active violation of peace, comfort, the famous “balancing of the body with external environment"". "Negative emotions, as a rule, ensure the preservation of what has already been achieved by evolution or individual development subject. Positive emotions revolutionize behavior, prompting the search for new, not yet satisfied needs, without which pleasure is unthinkable. This does not indicate the absolute value of positive emotions. They may be driven by primitive, selfish, socially unacceptable needs. AT similar cases we will undoubtedly give preference to such negative emotions as anxiety for the fate of another person, compassion for those in trouble, indignation at injustice. social value emotion is always determined by the motive that brought it to life.

Psychologists identify only 11 fundamental human emotions, from the combination of which all the rest are obtained. These are 4 positive emotions: joy, admiration (or delight), interest, surprise. And 7 negative ones: grief, guilt, anger, shame, fear, contempt, disgust. Not only are there almost twice as many negative emotions as positive ones, but people also experience them much more often.

The difference between positive and negative emotions is simple. From positive feelings you experience an upsurge, and from negative ones, on the contrary, all forces leave. Positive emotions cause other good feelings, but they also tend to attract “buddies”. For example, if you are angry, contempt will appear, followed by disgust. Feelings of guilt will inevitably lead to shame and grief.

negative emotions in Everyday life are normal. But if you experience them too often, things are bad. A pathological dominant appears in the brain - a stable negative feeling, in which other thoughts and feelings fade into the background.

Gradually, a person gets used to experiencing only negative emotions. A slight hint is enough, as they immediately pop up in the head, and get out of it very reluctantly. At the same time, a person becomes sad, apathetic, does not rejoice at anything, no events bring him pleasure.

For what reason can you turn into a hostage of negative emotions? If one of your four basic needs is not being met. For happiness, according to psychologists, a person needs to love and be loved, peace of mind, self-fulfillment and not be bored. You also need to maintain your health.

To negative emotions, you need to decide on some step, do something that will definitely give a positive result. You can satisfy some important need, for example, fulfill a long-standing desire. Then you need to consolidate success by consciously looking for sources of joy.

Negative emotions often develop under the influence of boredom and lack of entertainment. Highly effective method dealing with them in this case may be the acquisition of new knowledge. Seriously getting carried away with something is a way with a bad mood.

An important element in restoring peace of mind will be communication with people. Show attention to loved ones, and if your social circle has narrowed, expand it. Call old friends, meet them.

And, most importantly, consciously avoid negative feelings. Follow your thoughts. If you have seriously decided to deal with the problem of negative emotions and bad mood, you will definitely succeed.

The article was created in order to acquaint parents with the role of positive and negative emotions in the development of the child, to determine the reasons for the predominance of negative or positive emotions in students, to give some recommendations regarding the formation of positive emotions.

Download:

Preview:

Topic: Positive and negative emotions

Tasks:

To introduce the role of positive and negative emotions in the development of the child. Determine the reasons for the predominance of negative or positive emotions in students.

The meaning of emotions for the formation of positive interaction of the child with the world.

Often many people, including children, suffer when they have everything they want. It happens that a child who has absolutely everything envy another who is worse dressed, less full. Why? The answer is simple: it is not enough for a person to satisfy his natural needs. He needs to be understood and recognized, so that he feels necessary, so that he has success appreciated by others, so that he can realize his potential, learn to respect himself.

What makes a child happy? First of all, his happiness depends on the psychological environment in which he lives and grows.

The emotional world of the child deserves special attention as the most sensitive and dependent on the environment. The success of his interaction with others, the success of his social development, socialization depends on the emotions that the child most often experiences and discovers.

Emotions affect the course of various mental processes

perception,
memory,
imagination,
thinking,
predetermine the formation of certain personality traits.

Simplistically, emotions can be divided into two groups: positive and negative. Positive emotions increase activity, energy, vitality, cause rise, vivacity due to increased work of the cardiac system, an increase in the rate and depth of breathing. negative emotions reduce activity, inhibit vital activity (these emotions can stimulate the development of neuroses, destroy the health of children). Negative emotions: - emotions of destruction - anger, anger, aggression

emotions of suffering - pain, fear, resentment.

How, unwittingly, parents can form negative emotions in children? 1. Parents who express their anxieties and doubts in front of their children, most often themselves give rise to children's fear for them and directly - fear of the school, create the illusion of uncertainty.

Insecure parents can give the child the impression that they are afraid of separation and need his constant presence. Their subconscious desire to forever cling to the child discourages him from showing independence and perseverance.

Impressive children painfully experience humiliation, insult, resentment, for a long time mentally returning to unpleasant events that caused negative emotions. They are unable to quickly switch to new targets. These children remember fear, insult, injustice for a long time.

Helplessness in such is manifested mainly in relationships with peers:

the child cannot defend himself, give an answer to the aggressive behavior of other children;
the child is in constant conflict with classmates.

Ways to form positive emotions in children

Recognition and encouragement of the child:

expression of trust, for example, commissioning some responsible business, granting certain freedoms;
verbal praise, public recognition of positive changes;
concern for the child to have certain successes.

When communicating with children, you should not use such expressions, for example:

I I told you a thousand times...
How many times do you have to repeat...
What are you thinking about...
Is it hard for you to remember that...
You become...
You are just like...
Leave me alone, I don't have time...
Why is Lena (Nastya, Vasya, etc.) like this, but you are not ...

When communicating with children, it is desirable to use the following expressions:

You are my smartest (beautiful, etc.).
It's good that I have you.
You are my good guy.

I love you very much.

How well you did it, teach me.

Thank you, I am very grateful to you.
If it wasn't for you, I would never have made it.

Try to use the above desirable expressions as often as possible.

Tips for parents.

Definitely accept your child.
Actively listen to his experiences, opinions.
Do not talk to him with an indifferent and indifferent face,
Communicate with him as often as possible, study, read, play. Do not interfere with his activities, which he can handle,
Help when asked.
Support and celebrate his successes.
Talk about your problems, share your feelings.
Resolve conflicts peacefully.
Use phrases that evoke positive emotions in communication.
From repeated signs of approval, love and acceptance, the child gets the feeling: “everything is in order with me, I am good”,
Even the demands you make must be filled with love and

hope

When punishing, stay close to the child, do not avoid contact with him, but do not stroke his head after a serious conversation,
Learn to listen to your child in joy and in sorrow,
Become a role model for your child
Hug and kiss your child at any age,
Start beautiful and kind communication rituals that will make your life warmer and happier.

5. Rituals that children love.

Before leaving for school, receive a hug from your parents and a parting word or gesture.
Coming from school, talk about your successes and problems and get a word of support and participation.
On the day off, discuss the past week and its meaning for children and parents.
At night, listen to a fairy tale and be carefully covered.
On your birthday, receive surprises and arrange them for other family members
Together with mom prepare for the holiday and bake a beautiful cake.
To sit with mom and dad, holding hands, during your illness and ask them for your favorite food or something that you have been wanting for a very long time.

05.12.2016 14:28

We have already talked with you about the extreme need for positive emotions, but it is unlikely that we will be able to eliminate negative emotions from our lives. One way or another, they are present in us. In order to develop and move forward, we need barriers and pushes, otherwise we will relax and stop moving. Ideally, positive and negative emotions should be in a 7:1 ratio.

Positive emotions give us awareness of the present, allow us to feel joyful in the moment of "now". And this is very true, because there is only this moment. Negative emotions cloud the present with restless emotions and thoughts, and we are immersed in worries about the past or the future. Physically, we are always in the present time, but mentally we can be anywhere, so negative emotions have a huge scope, they are divided into biological and social.

let's consider biological emotions- they are all well known to us.

Anxiety is an emotional state that occurs when the moment is perceived as unfavorable. Every person is faced with this emotion, scientists even believe that anxiety in small manifestations is the norm. Although I highly doubt such data, because anxiety can spoil any happy event, therefore, in my opinion, its presence in our lives is not at all the norm. If a person constantly experiences a feeling of anxiety, then it is extremely difficult for him to become happy and prosperous.

Outwardly, anxiety manifests itself quite clearly, noticing a fussy and at the same time constrained person, with a tense face or with a tight mask of impartiality, we will immediately understand that he is anxious.

In an anxious person, the nervous system is in an excited state, while the sympathetic system stimulates metabolic processes, and the parasympathetic inhibits them, which leads to a lack of activity. It's like an inexperienced driver who, in a panic, presses both on the gas and on the brake at the same time, and as a result, the car will break down rather than drive.

Some people prefer to hide their anxiety and not show it, they keep an expressionless expression on their face, constantly restrain themselves from showing emotions, which leads to a state of constant tension. Although at the same time they can even be proud of themselves - that they keep all the chaos of sensations inside under lock and key. But this has its consequences and, of course, at some point a person will not stand it and will break loose. AT best case it will be an emotional nervous breakdown, and in the worst case, a physical breakdown in the form of a stroke, heart attack, etc.

Another option is that a person becomes too fussy, restless, constantly in a hurry somewhere, does a lot of unnecessary work, drives his life into stereotyped frames and cannot get out of them.
A negative side effect of anxiety is an increase in appetite, it is often observed that an anxious person seizes his experiences, thus trying to calm down. If anxiety is related to work, then the appetite will increase during work. At the same time, only those who are prone to this will gain weight, thin people, on the contrary, will lose weight. And for everyone who wants to lose weight, a diet will not always help you. First you need to deal with all the problems in the soul, overcome anxiety and find harmony.

Anxiety is divided into personal and situational. The latter appears before important event, which needs to be adequately held - a meeting with the head, acquaintance with the bride's parents, exams. Such anxiety is felt by a person in the form of palpitations, trembling, sweating. To overcome these symptoms, you just need to exercise physically. Imagine a car with a warm running engine, but standing still, because all the energy generated will be burned only in motion, so it’s better to drive a car. So it is for a person - if the heart is pounding - go for a run or exercise, let the body and heart come to the same rhythm. Also, if you are worried before a public speech and know that your voice may tremble or disappear, walk up the stairs to the speech hall, run to the podium. In this case, your breathing and a little stammering will be natural and justified. And then it will pass by itself as soon as you catch your breath.

The fight against personal anxiety is much more difficult, it goes deep into a person, in order to overcome it it is better to contact a psychotherapist. You can learn and perform exercises to relax tense muscles yourself.

If the anxiety doesn't go away long time, then a person tries to find the cause of the danger and destroy it. But there are times when it is impossible to remove the cause, then fear appears. It appears due to the work of thinking and anxiety and is one of the most dangerous emotions. It is fear that pushes to crimes and rash acts, a person driven by fear can do a lot of trouble.

Outwardly, fear is clearly manifested - it is raised straight eyebrows, wide eyes, tense lips, while a person can either run away from fear or silently freeze.

Fear, like any emotion, affects the state of our body, it acts as a stimulant on nervous system. At the same time, if the fear is not strong, activity increases, from which an interest may arise that can absorb fear.

It happens that anxiety for a loved one and fear negatively affect a person and lead to tragedy. Excessive guardianship of the mother of her already adult child usually leads to sad consequences, in this situation the mother will destroy the child, who has long been independent, with her anxiety. For example, the son was late at work, on the way home, knowing that his restless mother was sitting, worrying and waiting for him, he hurried across the road, not paying attention to the car in the distance, and got under the wheels. There are many such examples of excessive maternal love and fear for the child.

To learn to deal with fear and anxiety, you need to overcome the tightness and shyness in the manifestations of these feelings. We have fears since childhood. When we behaved badly, we were always afraid that a gray wolf or some kind of villain would come after us. You should not intimidate children with either villains, or uncles on the street, or doctors, all this can then affect the psyche. If a child is afraid, he should not be scolded, you need to talk and explain. Constant fears make the child weak and sick.
Fear is an acquired feeling, because newborn children are not afraid of anything, they do not yet have the experience and knowledge that can scare them.

Depending on the degree of fear and its impact on a person, we can say that there are fears within the normal range, but there are pathologies. But it is very difficult to draw a clear line between these concepts. There are various phobias, for example, acrophobia - fear of heights, insectophobia - fear of insects. In some cases, such fear manifests itself only when confronted with an object of fear, and the person realizes that this is a phobia and tries to cope with it. In other cases, fear develops into obsession and pathology, in which case it is better to consult a specialist.

Excessive fearfulness due to not very serious reasons is called cowardice. Courage is the ability to overcome your fears and develop. If a hardened soldier who has gone through many battles, one enters into battle with a dozen novice soldiers, then this is not courage at all. But if a person who is insanely afraid public speaking, overcoming himself, comes out with a report and tries to speak, struggling with bouts of fear - this can already be called courage.

Fears arise for various reasons, it is one thing when there is a real threat to life or physical health. But when fears grow, then a person begins to be afraid of everything - to catch a cold, get hurt, contract some disease. The more he is nervous and worried, trying to protect himself from all dangers, the more likely it is that he will get sick with exactly what he is afraid of.

There are also many fears based on social and psychological reasons. Those who suffer like this, I define simply - psychological cowards. At the same time, it is quite difficult to unravel their cowardice, in case of real danger they may not be frightened and show courage in an emergency, but this does not mean anything. From their psychological cowardice, many problems and troubles arise for themselves and their loved ones. They cannot admit to themselves the real reasons for their misfortunes, because they do not even realize that behind all their actions there is only cowardice. She is a master at hiding and adopting various masks, which we will cover in the next article.

Negative human emotions do us a great favor—they save us from ourselves. They are signals that call us to change what we are doing. And they are really necessary to feel good.
Paradox? Only at first glance..
Emotions that cause unpleasant sensations (anger, envy, jealousy, disappointment, sadness, shame), we most often suppress and scold ourselves for them. Because we think they are wrong.
However, emotions are not inherently positive or negative. They differ much more than just good or bad. Every emotion is based on a complex set of changes in motivation, physiology, attention, perception, beliefs, and behavior.
Negative human emotions are means that are aimed at helping us achieve goals that are important to us. They are tools that work beyond awareness to guide us where we need to go. They identify problems or opportunities. They are survival tools: in fact, we would have disappeared long ago without them.
Negative human emotions are critical not only to our existence but, by and large, to making us feel good. Knowing our emotions in their diversity, we can better live with ourselves and with each other.

Anger

Anger arises when we feel unappreciated. If you know what you deserve and someone else sees things differently, anger arises. Anger motivates a person to take action. While most negative human emotions encourage us to avoid situations, anger tends to stimulate action. Anger enhances self-confidence, optimism, and risk-taking. He tells you that you have resources and determination. Indeed, those who express anger are perceived as having a higher status, more competent, and more reliable.
Anger does not only benefit a particular person. He also contributes social progress. It stimulated civil rights and the gender equality movement. This can lead to justice. Without him, the downtrodden might never have been heard. If you always express your appearance only frustration when your partner does something you don't like, your problem may never come to light. And this can lead to corrosion of relationships from the inside.

Shame, guilt, embarrassment

Living among others requires us to adhere to agreed upon social and moral norms. When we break the norm, we need a way to guide ourselves back to the right behavior. And such negative human emotions as shame, guilt, embarrassment come to our aid.

Discomfort from embarrassment, and especially from shame, directs us inward to figure out what led to this state and what needs to be corrected in ourselves. People can only learn from their mistakes when they admit that something went wrong.

Negative emotions also motivate us to make amends. When we experience feelings of embarrassment, guilt, shame, we try to fix what we did wrong. Researchers say that in such cases, we become more generous and considerate, even to strangers.

Shame, guilt, embarrassment - these emotions allow us to live side by side. Without them, we wouldn't be able to trust each other, or even understand ourselves.

Envy and jealousy

Envy can be devastating. But it also has its benefits. To lessen or abolish feelings of inferiority, envy motivates us to increase our own reputation or diminish the position of others. One invariable way is to increase your own authority in order to become more successful. Researchers have found that envy enhances subjects' persistence and performance on a creative task even more than admiration does. Admiration makes us feel better in the moment, but the feeling of envy ignites the desire to succeed in the future. We can also become more successful by imitating the person we envy.

While benevolent envy is essentially a creative force, malignant envy is destructive.

Envy is often confused with jealousy, but these negative human emotions are psychologically distinct. Envy is longing for what another person has. Jealousy arises when some third party threatens the union. Like envy, jealousy can be destructive, but in response to actual infidelity, it promotes survival. She forces couples to test and strengthen their relationship.

Fear and anxiety

Fear is our protector, an appropriate response to signs of threat, increased awareness and preparation of the body to avoid danger. Sometimes people become paralyzed or insane with fear, but more often they are keenly attuned to the collection of sensory information.

Fear stimulates vivid images of what is about to go wrong—and how to get out of the situation. Run? Accept the fight? Your attention narrows, everything is directed to your safety.

Not all threats are lethal; some just might kill your reputation. It is also good to have fears of social consequences, which is why we are so concerned about the observance of morals. You don't want to piss off your boss or embarrass yourself.

By stimulating information gathering, anxiety actually boosts people's productivity, whether at work or school. It makes people energetic and alert. Researchers believe that anxiety not only saves life, it has importance in any situation that requires caution and self-discipline.

Anxiety about how we live can point to moments where we are not being true to ourselves, how our actions do not align with our deepest values. Anxiety can serve corrective purposes by bringing us back to authenticity.

Regret and disappointment

Regret arises when we think about what could have been if only we had done things differently. This kind of thinking allows us to analyze the past and the future and understand the cause and effect relationship: If I hadn't, it wouldn't have happened; If I do X, Y will happen. This enhances both learning and planning.

Because making mistakes is such a great learning opportunity, our negative emotions highlight mistakes for us, adding regret. "How could I do this?" we think. “I was such a dick! If only I knew then what I know now." Research shows that by making our mistakes more painful, regret makes them more memorable and more effective in motivating us to change our ways.

Sadness and sadness

Sadness comes in response to an actual or potential loss and is a signal that recovery is needed. As a result, it encourages change, and different kinds sorrows stimulate Various types fixes.

Sadness makes you more rational and your thinking more concrete. It reduces gullibility, forgetfulness, and sensitivity to stereotypes. It also makes you more sensitive to social norms increasing courtesy and honesty. On the other hand, happiness can lead to superficial thinking and arrogance.

Sadness also functions as a signal to others that we may need help. Depression - a state of prolonged sadness and hopelessness - is now widely regarded as a disorder. But it can be a healthy response to difficult life situations.

Distance from our negative feelings, our negative emotions, cripples our daily activities and our growth. It also alienates us from the full range of human experience. Negative human emotions help us change our lives in the right direction.